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Influence of B4C and ZrB2 reinforcements on microstructural,mechanical and wear behaviour of AA 2014 aluminium matrix hybrid composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 242-254页

作者： ramesh babu r rajendran C Saiyathibrahim A rajkumar Velu Department of Mechanical Engineering Karpagam Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore 641105India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore 641008India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology JammuJammu and Kashmir 181221India

Considering their affordability and high strength-to-weight ratio,lightweight aluminium alloys are the subject of intensive research aimed at improving their properties for use in the aerospace *** research effort aims to develop novel hybrid composites based on AA 2014 alloy through the use of liquid metallurgy stir casting to reinforce dual ceramic particles of Zirconium Diboride(ZrB_(2))and Boron Carbide(B4C).The weight percentage(wt%)of ZrB_(2) was varied(0,5,10,and 15),while a constant 5 wt%of B4C was maintained during this *** as-cast samples have been assessed using an Optical Microscope(OM)and a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS).The properties such as hardness,tensile strength,and wear characteristics of stir cast specimens were assessed to examine the impact of varying weight percentages of reinforcements in AA 2014 *** particular,dry sliding wear behaviour was evaluated considering varied loads using a pin-on-disc *** the weight%of ZrB_(2) grew and B4C was incorporated,hybrid composites showed higher hardness,tensile strength,and wear ***,the incorporation of a cumulative reinforcement consisting of 15 wt%ZrB_(2) and 5 wt%B4C resulted in a significant 31.86%increase in hardness and a 44.1%increase in tensile strength compared to AA 2014 *** addition,it has been detected that wear resistance of hybrid composite pin(containing 20 wt%cumulative reinforcement)is higher than that of other stir cast wear test pins during the whole range of applied *** surfaces of tensile specimens showed ductile fracture in the AA 2014 matrix and mixed mode for hybrid *** surfaces obtained employing higher applied load indicated abrasive wear with little plastic deformation for hybrid composites and dominant adhesive wear for matrix ***,the superior mechanical and tribological performance of hybrid composites can be attributed to dual reinforcement pa

关键词： AA 2014 alloy Stir casting Hybrid composite Hardness Tensile strength Specific wear rate

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rational manipulation of electrolyte to induce homogeneous SEI on hard carbon anode for sodium-ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 414-429页

作者： Lu Liu Lingling Xiao Zhi Sun Shahid Bashir ramesh Kasi Yonghong Gu ramesh Subramaniam research Center for Clean Utilization Technology Phosphorous resources Hubei Three Gorges PolytechnicYichang 443000HubeiChina Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre(UMPEDAC) Level 4Wisma R&DUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 59990Malaysia Department of Chemistry Saveetha School of EngineeringInstitute of Medical and Technical ScienceSaveetha UniversityChennai 602105TamilnaduIndia

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have great potential to be the next major energy storage devices due to their obvious advantages and developing advanced electrodes and electrolytes is urgently necessary to promote its future ***,hard carbon as a state-of-the-art anode of SIBs still suffers from the low initial Coulomb efficiency and unsatisfactory rate capability,which could be improved by forming desirable solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) to some ***,the chemistry and morphology of these interfacial layers are fundamental parameters affecting the overall battery operation,and optimizing the electrolyte to dictate the quality of SEI on hard carbon is a key ***,this review summarizes the recent research on SEI design by electrolyte manipulation from solvents,salts,and *** also presents some potential mechanisms of SEI formation in various electrolyte ***,the current advanced characterization techniques for electrolyte and SEI structure analyses have been comprehensively ***,current challenges and future perspectives of SEI formation on hard carbon anode for SIBs are provided from the viewpoints of its compositions,evolution processes,structures,and characterization techniques,which will promote SEI efficient manipulation and improve the performance of hard carbon,and further contribute to the development of SIBs.

关键词： SEI Electrolyte optimization Hard carbon Electrochemical performance Sodium-ion batteries

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Lap-Shear Performance of Weld-Bonded Mg Alloy and Austenitic Stainless Steel in Three-Sheet Stack-Up

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第4期37卷 342-353页

作者： Sunusi Marwana Manladan Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza Singh ramesh Zhen Luo School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringBayero UniversityKano 3011Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University11942 AlkharjSaudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

With the growing interest in utilizing Mg and austenitic stainless steel(ASS)in the automotive sector,joining them together in three-sheet configuration is ***,achieving this task presents considerable challenges due to the large differences in their physical,metallurgical and mechanical *** overcome these challenges,the feasibility of using weld-bonding to join Mg alloy/ASS/ASS was *** nugget formation,interface characteristics,microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were *** results show that the connection between the Mg alloy and upper ASS was achieved through the combined effect of the cured adhesive and weld-brazing in the weld *** the other hand,a metallurgical bond was formed at the ASS/ASS *** Mg nugget microstructure exhibited fine columar grains composed predominantly of primaryα-Mg grains along with a eutectic mixture ofα-Mg andβ-*** nugget formed at the ASS/ASS interface consisted largely of columnar grains of austenite,with some equiaxed dendritic grains formed at the centerline of the *** weld-bonded joints exhibited an average peak load and energy absorption of about 8.5 kN and 17 J,respectively(the conventional rSW joints failed with minimal or no load application).The failure mode of the joints changed with increasing welding current from interfacial failure via the Mg nugget/upper ASS interface to partial interfacial failure(part of the Mg nugget was pulled out of the Mg sheet).Both failure modes were accompanied by cohesive failure in the adhesive zone.

关键词： Weld-bonding resistance spot welding Austenitic stainless steel Mg alloy Failure mode

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Amebic liver abscess: An update

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 316-330页

作者： ramesh Kumar rishabh Patel rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi ruchika Narayan Tanmoy Maji Utpal Anand Jinit r Soni Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Department of radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Amebic liver abscess(ALA)is still a common problem in the tropical world,where it affects over three-quarters of patients with liver *** is caused by an anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba hystolytica,which primarily colonises the *** is a non-suppurative infection of the liver consisting primarily of dead hepatocytes and cellular *** of the male gender,during their reproductive years,are most prone to ALA,and this appears to be due to a poorly mounted immune response linked to serum testosterone *** is more common in the right lobe of the liver,is strongly associated with alcohol consumption,and can heal without the need for *** majority of ALA patients have an uncomplicated course,a number of complications have been described,including rupture into abdomino-thoracic structures,biliary fistula,vascular thrombosis,bilio-vascular compression,and secondary bacterial *** on clinico-radiological findings,a classification system for ALA has emerged recently,which can assist clinicians in making treatment *** research has revealed the role of venous thrombosis-related ischemia in the severity of *** years have seen the development and refinement of newer molecular diagnostic techniques that can greatly aid in overcoming the diagnostic challenge in endemic area where serology-based tests have limited *** has been the drug of choice for ALA patients for many ***,concerns over the resistance and adverse effects necessitate the creation of new,safe,and potent antiamebic *** the indication of the drainage of uncomplicated ALA has become more clear,high-quality randomised trials are still necessary for robust *** drainage appears to be a viable option for patients with ruptured ALA and diffuse peritonitis,for whom surgery represents a significant risk of *** regard to all of the aforementioned issues,this article intends to present an u

关键词： Amebic liver abscess Amebiasis ruptured liver abscess Percutaneous drainage Metronidazole

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Effect of inlet elbow on rotation stall in waterjet ppropulsionpump

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Fundamental research 2024年第4期4卷 898-906页

作者： Wei Li Shuo Li Leilei Ji Enda Li Weidong Shi ramesh Agarwal Muhammad Awais National research Center of Pumps Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Institute of Fluid Engineering Equipment Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212009China College of Mechanical Engineering Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China departmentof Mechanical Engineering&Materials Science Washington University in StLouisSt.LouisMO6330US.

To study the influence of an elbow inlet on the rotating stall characteristics of a waterjet propulsion pump(WJPP),a three-dimensional internal flow field in a WJPP under a straight-pipe inlet and elbow inlet is numerically *** comparing the hydraulic performance of WJPP under the two inlet conditions,the internal relationship between the inlet mode and the flow pattern in the pump is *** on unsteady pressure fluctuation characteristics and wavelet analysis,the influence of the inlet mode on the rotating stall is revealed,and the stall transient propagation characteristics under critical stall conditions are *** disturbance effects of the inlet channel geometry disappear under low flow rate conditions,the main disturbance is induced by the highspeed countercurrent,and the flow pattern under the elbow inlet is better than that under the straight-pipe *** the straight-pipe inlet,the single-stall nucleus in the WJPP temporarily experiences a low-frequency and high-amplitude disturbance,which subsequently transforms into a mode of multi-stall nuclei with high-frequency circumferential *** the elbow inlet,the rotating stall always maintains a mode of high-amplitude and low-frequency disturbance,which represents the transient characteristics of a single stall core propagating in the circumferential direction inside the *** results of this study have a reference value for structural design optimization in a WJPP.

关键词： Waterjet propulsion pump Inlet condition rotation stall Flow structure Pressurefluctuation

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Genomic selection in plant breeding:Key factors shaping two decades of progress

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 552-578页

作者： Admas Alemu Johanna Astrand Osval A.Montesinos-López Julio Isidro y Sanchez Javier Fernandez-Gónzalez Wuletaw Tadesse ramesh r.Vetukuri Anders S.Carlsson Alf Ceplitis JoséCrossa rodomiro Ortiz Aakash Chawade Department of Plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden Lantmannen Lantbruk SvalövSweden Facultad de Telematica University de ColimaColimaColima 28040Mexico Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas(CBGP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo-UPM28223 MadridSpain International Center for Agricultural research in the Dry Areas(ICArDA) RabatMorocco International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Km 45Carretera México-VeracruzTexcocoMéxico 52640Mexico

Genomic selection,the application of genomic prediction(GP)models to select candidate individuals,has significantly advanced in the past two decades,effectively accelerating genetic gains in plant *** article provides a holistic overview of key factors that have influenced GP in plant breeding during this *** delved into the pivotal roles of training population size and genetic diversity,and their relationship with the breeding population,in determining GP *** emphasis was placed on optimizing training population *** explored its benefits and the associated diminishing returns beyond an optimum *** was done while considering the balance between resource allocation and maximizing prediction accuracy through current optimization *** density and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,level of linkage disequilibrium,genetic complexity,trait heritability,statistical machine-learning methods,and non-additive effects are the other vital *** wheat,maize,and potato as examples,we summarize the effect of these factors on the accuracy of GP for various *** search for high accuracy in GP—theoretically reaching one when using the Pearson’s correlation as a metric—is an active research area as yet far from optimal for various *** hypothesize that with ultra-high sizes of genotypic and phenotypic datasets,effective training population optimization methods and support from other omics approaches(transcriptomics,metabolomics and proteomics)coupled with deep-learning algorithms could overcome the boundaries of current limitations to achieve the highest possible prediction accuracy,making genomic selection an effective tool in plant breeding.

关键词： genomic selection genetic gain genomic prediction optimization deep learning training population optimization

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Influence of Na_(2)SiO_(3)/NaOH ratio on Calcined Magnesium Silicate Based Geopolymer——Experimental and Predictive Study

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第5期38卷 1077-1085页

作者： Premkumar r ramesh babu Chokkalingam Meyyappan PL Shanmugasundaram M Kalasalingam Academy of research and Education Krishnan KoilTamil Nadu626126 India Vellore Institute of Technology-Chennai Tamilnadu600127 India

This study aims to investigate the behavior of alkali activated mortar,which is made of naturally available magnesium silicate as source *** magnesium silicate,ultrafine natural steatite powder(UFNSP)is used as the primary source of binder,and the activation is initiated through the alkali liquid which is proportioned in various combinations of silicate to hydroxide ratio(Na_(2)SiO_(3)/Na OH)ratio,and this ratio in this study varies from 1 to *** UFNSP is calcined at two difierent temperatures,700 and 1000℃.The mortar mix is proportioned as 1:3 between powder and the fine aggregate,and the mortar is prepared with hydroxide molarity(M)of 10 *** mortar is cured for 48 hours at 60℃and the compressive strength was *** the mix were studied for its microstructural behavior along with compressive *** mix proportion of the mortar,and the results obtained through microstructural characterization were combinedly formed as input for artificial neural network(ANN)predictive *** model is designed to predict the compressive strength,which is trained through Bayesian regularization algorithm with varying hidden neurons of 7 to *** experimental and predictive study shows that the strength is influenced by both Na_(2)SiO_(3)/Na OH ratio and calcination *** the ANN is influenced by mainly calcination temperature and uncorrelation occurs in selected samples of 1000℃calcined UFNSP mix.

关键词： magnesium silicate silicate alkali activation geopolymer UFNSP prediction

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Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 263-270页

作者： Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim ramesh Kumar Chitumalla Gayoung Ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung Cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo Department of Nano Fusion Technology Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Adolphe Merkle Institute University of FribourgCH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland

In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative *** study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial *** ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material *** ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation *** crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial *** devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial *** techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TrPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative ***,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative *** research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Interfacial passivation Crown ether materials Stability

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Modeling and multi-response optimization of machining performance while turning hardened steel with self-propelled rotary tool

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Advances in Manufacturing 2015年第1期3卷 84-95页

作者： Thella babu rao A.Gopala Krishna ramesh Kumar Katta Konjeti rama Krishna Department of Mechanical Engineering GITAM UniversityHyderabad 502329Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of EngineeringJNTUKKakinada 533003Andhra PradeshIndia Productionisation & Technology Transfer Defence R&D LaboratoryKanchanbaghHyderabad 500058Andhra PradeshIndia

There are many advanced tooling approaches in metal cutting to enhance the cutting tool performance for machining hard-to-cut materials. The self propelled rotary tool （SPrT） is one of the novel approaches to improve the cutting tool performance by providing cutting edge in the form of a disk, which rotates about its principal axis and provides a rest period for the cutting edge to cool and allow engaging a fresh cutting edge with the work piece. This paper aimed to present the cutting performance of SPrT while turning hardened EN24 steel and optimize the machining conditions. Surface roughness （ra） and metal removal rate （rMMr） are considered as machining perfor- mance parameters to evaluate, while the horizontal incli- nation angle of the SPrT, depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed are considered as process variables. Initially, design of experiments （DOEs） is employed to minimize the number of experiments. For each set of chosen process variables, the machining experiments are conducted on computer numerical control （CNC） lathe to measure the machining responses. Then, the response surface method- ology （rSM） is used to establish quantitative relationships for the output responses in terms of the input variables. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） is used to check the adequacy of the model. The influence of input variables on the output responses is also determined. Consequently, these models are formulated as a multi-response optimi- zation problem to minimize the ra and maximize the rMMr simultaneously. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II （NSGA-II） is used to derive the set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The optimal results obtained through the pro- posed methodology are also compared with the results of validation experimental runs and good correlation is found between them.

关键词： Self-propelled rotary turning ~ Empiricalmodeling ~ response surface methodology (rSM) - Multi-objective formulation - Optimization - Non-dominatedsorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)

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The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extracellular matrix organization and cell metabolism leading to aberrant musculoskeletal repair

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Bone research 2024年第2期12卷 289-301页

作者： Heeseog Kang Amy L.Strong Yuxiao Sun Lei Guo Conan Juan Alec C.Bancroft Ji Hae Choi Chase A.Pagani Aysel A.Fernandes Michael Woodard Juhoon Lee Sowmya ramesh Aaron W.James David Hudson Kevin N.Dalby Lin Xu robert J.Tower Benjamin Levi Center for Organogenesis Regeneration and TraumaDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Section of Plastic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Quantitative Biomedical research Center Peter O’Donnell Jr.School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

While hypoxic signaling has been shown to play a role in many cellular processes,its role in metabolism-linked extracellular matrix(ECM)organization and downstream processes of cell fate after musculoskeletal injury remains to be ***(HO)is a debilitating condition where abnormal bone formation occurs within extra-skeletal *** andhypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)activation have been shown to promote ***,the underlying molecular mechanisms bywhich the HIF-1αpathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells(MPCs)contributes to pathologic bone formation remain to ***,we used a proven mouse injury-induced HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1αon aberrant cell ***-cell rNA sequencing(scrNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics analyses of the HO site,we found that collagen ECM organizationis the most highly up-regulated biological process in *** mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of Hif1α(Hoxa11-CreEr^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl))significantly mitigated HO in ***-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-CreEr^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl)mice identified the PLOD2/LOXpathway for collagen cross-linking as downstream of the HIF-1αregulation of ***,our scrNA-seq data and mechanisticstudies further uncovered that glucose metabolism in MPCs is most highly impacted by HIF-1α*** a translational aspect,a pan-LOX inhibitor significantly decreased HO.A newly screened compound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 activity in MPCssignificantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and glycolytic *** suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked tometabolism regulates HO-forming MPC *** results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promisingstrategy to mitigate HO formation.

关键词： metabolism skeletal aberrant

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