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Multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit Moun P.ramesh kumar M.Malathi Priya T.ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).Methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： Presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

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Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1603-1614页

作者： Dharmsheel Shrivastav Satyam kumar Kumbhakar Shivangi srivastava Desh Deepak Singh Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University RajasthanJaipur 303002RajasthanIndia Department of Biotechnology Govt Veer Surendra Say P.G.CollegeGariaband 493889ChhattisgarhIndia Department of Life Science Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj UniversityKanpur 208024Uttar PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease(CVD).The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms,and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and *** of natural products for T2D mellitus(T2DM)and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic *** To critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products in T2D and coronary artery disease(CAD).METHODS By using specific keywords,we strategically searched the PubMed *** controlled trials(RCTs)were searched as the primary focus that examined the effect of natural products on glycemic control,oxidative stress,and antioxidant *** focused on outcomes such as low blood glucose levels,adjustment on markers of oxidative stress and *** screening fulllength papers,we included 9 RCTs in our review that met our inclusion *** In the literature search on the database,we found that various natural products like plant secondary metabolites play a diverse role in the management of *** ginseng,sesame oil and cocoa flavanols proved effective in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling blood pressure,which are key factors in managing T2DM and *** diabetic patients Melissa officinalis effectively reduce inflammation and shows diabetes *** fish oil and flaxseed oil reduced insulin levels and inflammatory markers,suggesting benefits for both *** lipid profile and endothelial function were enhanced by Nigella sativa oil and Terminalia chebula,which is significant for the management of cardiovascular risk factors in *** Bilberry extract also showed promise for improving glycemic control in patients with *** The high level of antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-angiogenic properties found in natural products makes them promising therapeutic opt

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Natural products Antioxidants Oxidative stress Therapeutic impact Global burden

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Lipid-nanoparticle-enabled nucleic acid therapeutics for liver disorders

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 2885-2900页

作者： Porkizhi Arjunan Durga Kathirvelu Gokulnath Mahalingam Ashish kumar Goel Uday George Zacharaiah Alok srivastava Srujan Marepally Center for Stem Cell Research(A Unit of inStem Bengaluru)Christian Medical College CampusBagayamVellore 632002Tamil NaduIndia Manipal academy for higher education Mangalore 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Hematology Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia Department of Hepatology Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

Inherited genetic disorders of the liver pose a significant public health *** transplantation is often limited by the availability of donor livers and the exorbitant costs of immunosuppressive *** overcome these limitations,nucleic acid therapy provides a hopeful alternative that enables gene repair,gene supplementation,and gene silencing with suitable *** viral vectors are the most efficient and preferred for gene therapy,pre-existing immunity debilitating immune responses limit their *** a potential alternative,lipid nanoparticle-mediated vectors are being explored to deliver multiple nucleic acid forms,including pDNA,mRNA,siRNA,and ***,we discuss the broader applications of lipid nanoparticles,from protein replacement therapy to restoring the disease mechanism through nucleic acid delivery and gene editing,as well as multiple preclinical and clinical studies as a potential alternative to liver transplantation.

关键词： Lipid nanoparticle Liver disorders Gene therapy Gene editing Nucleic acid delivery pDNA mRNA siRNA ASO Clinical trials

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Comparison of the Anatomy and Adaptability of Reconstructed Teeth with Natural Teeth:An Innovative Approach in Forensic Dentistry

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 47-54页

作者： Supraja S P M Tejaswi Ravikanth Manyam Mohan kumar Pasupuleti Swetha P ramesh kumar Budumuru Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia Vishnu Dental College BhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Periodontics and Implantology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia

Background:Forensic tooth reconstruction is the technique of reconstructing the morphology of a missing tooth from the intra-alveolar morphology of dental sockets from skeletal *** and Objectives:The aim and objective of the study are to compare and investigate whether the anatomy and adaptability of reconstructed teeth simulate with the natural tooth and to investigate whether the dental materials have potential in reconstruction of *** and Methods:An in vitro experimental study was undertaken on a human *** to the Fédération Dentaire Internationale,charting will be done based on the number of teeth *** entire study will be conducted in three phases using dental *** 1 comprised preparation for negative replica,where an impression will be taken,Phase 2 comprised preparation of a positive replica or cast,and Phase 3 comprised tooth reconstruction using the flowable ***:The specimen tooth(which had been taken from its socket)and the newly constructed tooth were compared,and when the length of the newly constructed root was measured using digital vernier calipers,there was a disparity of 0.5-1 *** cone-beam computed tomography radiographs demonstrated the necessary ***:The present study demonstrated that dental information can be obtained even when teeth are absent postmortem by making an attempt to recreate the teeth using dental materials while documenting the intra-alveolar anatomy of the dental root socket.

关键词： Adaptability anatomy reconstruction teeth

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Navigating the intersection of psychiatry and ophthalmology:A comprehensive review of depression and anxiety management in glaucoma patients

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 362-369页

作者： Prasanna Venkatesh ramesh Arvind kumar Morya Ashik Azad Pavithra Pannerselvam Aji Kunnath Devadas Sai Thaejesvi Gopalakrishnan Shruthy Vaishali ramesh Ajanya K Aradhya Department of Glaucoma and Research Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Optometry and Visual Science Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Junior Resident Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia

Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and ***,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this *** and depression,two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities,have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma *** comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology,in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma *** meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature,we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence,risk factors,and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in *** evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood *** such as progressive vision loss,complex medication regimens,and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their ***,we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders,shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional *** review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management,including their potential impact on treatment adherence,disease progression,and overall quality of *** also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders,providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic *** conclusion,recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered *** review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of *** addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care,healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients,ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter

关键词： Glaucoma Psychiatry Depression Anxiety Risk factors Bidirectional relationship

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Intestinal lymphangiectasia:Understanding the bigger picture

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3298-3303页

作者： Sudheer Marrapu ramesh kumar Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Intestinal lymphangiectasia(IL)is characterized by the dilation of intestinal lymphatic vessels,which can rupture and cause loss of lymph into the *** to the high content of proteins,lipoproteins,and lymphocytes in the intestinal lymph,loss of lymph might result in hypoproteinemia,hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and *** addition,there may be a depletion of minerals,lipids,and fat-soluble *** can be primary due to inherent malfunctioning of the lymphatic system,or secondly,a result of various factors that may hinder lymphatic drainage either directly or *** condition has emerged as a subject of significant clinical *** that the intestinal lymphatic system plays an important role in the body’s fluid homeostasis,adaptive immunity,nutrient and drug absorption,intestinal transport,and systemic metabolism,its dysfunction may have wider *** primary IL is rare,with varied clinical features,complications,treatment response,and outcomes,secondary IL is more common than previously *** definitive diagnosis of IL requires endoscopic demonstration of whitish villi(which frequently resemble snowflakes)and histological confirmation of dilated lacteals in the small intestinal *** of IL is challenging and involves dietary modifications,managing underlying medical conditions,and using medications such as sirolimus and *** its prevalence and diverse etiology is crucial for targeted management of this challenging medical *** article provides a comprehensive exploration of the clinical implications associated with *** addition,it offers valuable insights into critical knowledge gaps in the existing diagnostic and management landscape.

关键词： Intestinal lymphatics Lymphangiectasia Waldman's disease Lacteals Lymph

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Intraocular lens selection in diabetic patients:How to increase the odds for success

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1199-1211页

作者： Arvind kumar Morya Prateek Nishant Prasanna Venkatesh ramesh Sony Sinha Aarti Heda Sarika Salodia Ripunjay Prasad Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology ESIC Medical CollegePatna 801113BiharIndia Department of Glaucoma and Research Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Department of Ophthalmology-Vitreo-Retina Neuro-Ophthalmology and OculoplastyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Ophthalmology National Institute of OphthalmologyPune 411000MaharashtraIndia Department of Safety Global Medical SafetyLundbeckSingapore 307591Singapore Department of Ophthalmology RP Eye InstituteDelhi 110001India

The incidence of cataracts is significantly higher in diabetic individuals,particularly in younger age groups,with rates quadrupled in those under 65 and doubled in those over 65 compared to *** surgery in diabetic patients poses many challenges:Poor epithelial healing,decreased corneal sensitivity,increased central corneal thickness,decreased endothelial cell count,variable topography,poor pupillary dilatation,anterior capsular phimosis,posterior capsular opacification(PCO),chances of progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR),zonular weakness,and vitreous prolapse and diabetic macular *** of an appropriate intraocular lens(IOL)is crucial for visual rehabilitation and monitoring *** choice of IOL in diabetic cataract patients is a challenging ***-edge IOLs are favored for their capacity to mitigate PCO,whereas hydrophilic counterparts may incur calcification in the setting of proliferative *** advisability of premium IOLs for achieving spectacle independence warrants judicious evaluation,particularly in the presence of advanced *** IOL placement within the capsular bag is advocated to minimize postoperative *** preoperative assessment and informed patient counseling regarding IOL options are indispensable for optimizing surgical *** review article covers various aspects regarding the choice of IOLs in different case scenarios and complications in the diabetic population.

关键词： Diabetics Cataract Intraocular lens Diabetic retinopathy Diabetes mellitus

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Unveiling the silent link:Normal-tension glaucoma's enigmatic bond with cardiac blood flow

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第1期16卷 10-15页

作者： Prasanna Venkatesh ramesh Arvind kumar Morya Ajanya K Aradhya Pavithra Pannerselvam Sai Thaejesvi Gopalakrishnan Shruthy Vaishali ramesh Aji Kunnath Devadas Navaneeth Krishna Department of Glaucoma and Research Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Optometry and Visual Science Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited Trichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Mahathma Eye Hospital Private LimitedTrichy 620017Tamil NaduIndia

This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma(NTG),a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers ***,characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite normal intraocular pressure,has long puzzled *** emerging perspective suggests that alterations in ocular blood flow,particularly within the optic nerve head,may play a pivotal role in its *** NTG shares commonalities with its high-tension counterpart,its unique pathogenesis and potential ties to cardiovascular health make it a fascinating subject of *** navigates through the complex web of vascular dysregulation,blood pressure and perfusion pressure,neurovascular coupling,and oxidative stress,seeking to uncover the hidden threads that tie the heart and eyes together in *** review explores into the intricate mechanisms connecting cardiovascular factors to NTG,shedding light on how cardiac dynamics can influence ocular health,particularly in cases where intraocular pressure remains within the normal ***'s enigmatic nature,often characterized by seemingly contradictory risk factors and clinical profiles,underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient *** parallels to cardiac health,we examine into the shared vascular terrain connecting the heart and the *** factors,including systemic blood flow,endothelial dysfunction,and microcirculatory anomalies,may exert a profound influence on ocular perfusion,impacting the delicate balance within the optic nerve *** elucidating the subtle clues and potential associations between cardiology and NTG,this review invites clinicians to consider a broader perspective in their evaluation and management of this elusive *** the understanding of these connections evolves,so too may the prospects for early diagnosis and tailored interventions,ultimately enhancing the qual

关键词： Normal tension glaucoma Vascular dysregulation Ocular blood flow Blood pressure Perfusion pressure Oxidative stress

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Genetic Variability and Elite Line Selection for High Essential Oil and Nepetalactone Content in Catmint (<i>Nepeta cataria</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第7期12卷 1135-1154页

作者： Abhilasha srivastava Soni Gupta Swati Singh Ram Swaroop Verma ramesh kumar srivastava Anil kumar Gupta Raj Kishori Lal Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants P.O. CIMAP Lucknow India Phytochemistry Division CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants P.O. CIMAP Lucknow India Technology and Business Development Division CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants P.O. CIMAP Lucknow India

Nepeta cataria L., commonly known as catmint or catnip, belongs to the family “Lamiaceae” and is indigenous to Europe and Asia. The essential oil of this species is known for the richness and diversity of nepetalactones (NPL) which are used as mosquito/insect repellents in perfumery and cosmetic industries. Reports on Indian catmint germplasm are very meager and warrants exploration of its commercial potential as a natural, non-toxic source of insect repellents. With this objective, commercial open-pollinated seeds of catmint collected from its native, temperate habitat in Himalayas were introduced in the tropical plains. Subsequent to adaptation to a new zone we were able to isolate nineteen individual plants based on plant growth. Hydrodistillation of the fresh herb yielded essential oil in the range of 0.01% to 0.2%. Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the oil revealed the dominance of monoterpene hydrocarbon, namely, 4aα,7α,7aα NPL (1) isomer (84%). The other two isomers of nepetalactone, 4aα,7α,7aβ NPL (2) and 4aα,7β,7aα NPL (3) were also present, although in very less amounts (1.0% and 1.6%, respectively). Sesquiterpenes identified were α-humulene (traces), (

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Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 699-715页

作者： Ankit Agarwal Sagnik Biswas Shekhar Swaroop Arnav Aggarwal Ayush Agarwal Gautam Jain Anshuman Elhence Arun Vaidya Amit Gupte Ravi Mohanka ramesh kumar Ashwani kumar Mishra Shivanand Gamanagatti Shashi Bala Paul Subrat kumar Acharya Akash Shukla Shalimar Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM HospitalMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Liver Transplant and HPB Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Professor of Biostatistics National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre(NDDTC)All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia

BACKGROUND There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS).AIM To assess the magnitude,clinical characteristics,feasibility,and outcomes of treatment in *** A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi,India and 1140 from Mumbai,India were *** prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined,and among patients with BCS-HCC,the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were *** In the New Delhi cohort of 35 BCS-HCC patients,18 had HCC at index presentation(prevalence 1.99%),and 17 developed HCC over a follow-up of 4601 person-years,[incidence 0.36(0.22-0.57)per 100 person-years].BCS-HCC patients were older when compared to patients with BCS alone(P=0.001)and had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava block,cirrhosis,and long-segment vascular *** median alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in patients with BCS-HCC at first presentation than those who developed HCC at follow-up(13029 ng/mL vs 500 ng/mL,P=0.01).Of the 35 BCS-HCC,26(74.3%)underwent radiological interventions for BCS,and 22(62.8%)patients underwent treatment for HCC[transarterial chemoembolization in 18(81.8%),oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 3(13.6%),and transarterial radioembolization in 1(4.5%)].The median survival among patients who underwent interventions for HCC compared with those who did not was 3.5 years vs 3.1 mo(P=0.0001).In contrast to the New Delhi cohort,the Mumbai cohort of BCS-HCC patients were predominantly males,presented with a more advanced HCC[Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C and D],and 2 patients underwent liver *** HCC is not uncommon in patients with *** interventions and liver transplantation are feasible in select primary BCS-HCC patients and may improve outcomes.

关键词： Budd chiari syndrome Cancer Cirrhosis Thrombosis Liver Varices Transarterial chemoembolization Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction

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