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Effect of Silicon and Nitrogen Nutrition on Pest and Disease Intensity in Rice

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第7期3卷 568-574页

作者： Kasthuri Rajamani Bhupal Raj Gunti Shashi Vemuri ramesh bellamkonda Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry College of Agriculture Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India Radio Tracer Research Laboratory Acharya N. G Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India AINP on Pesticide Residues Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India

Nutrition management is the most important for high yield production but it may affect the response of rice plants to pest and diseases due to the change of microclimate under rice plant canopy. The knowledge of nutrition management and its relation with pest and diseases are basis for setting up a high yield production system. Most of the pest and disease control procedures used by farmers can be considered as soil fertility management and these nutrition practices can have impact on the physiological susceptibility of crop plants to pest and diseases by affecting the plant resistance. Silicon content of plants is particularly effective against pest and diseases in rice and certain rice genotypes are more efficient accumulators of silicon, thus making them more resistant. In the absence of natural heritable resistance in rice varieties, resistance could be induced by altemate strategies to suppress certain pest and pathogens. Hence experiments were carried out in two stages during kharif 2010 and 2011 to assess the concentration of silicon in the index leaves of rice plant utilizing 133 varieties in four locations. The silica content of promising varieties ranged from 1.50% to 3.20%, 1.60% to 3.15%, 1.49% to 3.20% and 1.55% to 3.06% with a mean values of 2.50%, 2.48%, 2.51% and 2.43% at Jagtial, Warangal, Rajendranagar and Rudrur centres of Telangana region and not much variation in mean silica content in index leaves at different places. The overall yield from four locations ranged from 2,653 kg/ha to 6,860 kg/ha with a mean of 5,624 kg/ha. The yields recorded at Jagtial, Warangal, Rajendranagar and Rudrur centres ranged from 2,886 to 7,198, 2,653 to 6,831, 2,653 to 6,860 and 4,399 to 5,950 kg/ha, respectively. The lowest mean yield 5,069 kg/ha was noticed at Rudrur and the highest yield 5,940 kg/ha was found at Warangal. The variations in yields might be due to genotypic variations and also due to variations in climatic conditions of different locations.

关键词： Nutrition management conventional rice silicon rice genotypes pest and diseases.

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Carboxylesterase and Glutathione-S-Transferase （GST＇s） Induced Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin CrylAb in Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee） Populations

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第1期3卷 53-59页

作者： Veegala ramesh Babu Vemuri Shashi Bhushan Chintalapati Padmavathy: Muthugonder Mohan SenaMahendran. Balachandran bellamkonda ramesh AINP on Pesticide Residues Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Andhra Pradesh Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030India Division of Crop Protection Directorate of Rice Research Rajendranagar Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 500030 India Division of Crop Improvement Directorate of Rice Research Rajendranagar Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 500030 India

The rice leaf folder （RLF）, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）（lnsecta： Lepidoptera： Pyralidae）, is an important pest, widely distributed in many rice growing areas of Asia. The over-use of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides has been cited as a major cause of outbreaks of C. medinalis as excessive spraying of insecticide disrupts natural biological control insecticides still remain the major control tactics against leaf folder. Carbofuran and fenthion, bendiocarb, acephate, carbosulfan, quinolphos, monocrotophos, phosphamidon and fenvalerate are the common ones used against rice leaf folder. Genetically, modified rice lines expressing B. thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins produced are highly tolerant to leidopteran pests. Though economic and environmental benefits of GM crops is well established, the matter of concern is the possibility of target insect pest developing resistance to this B. thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, evident from many laboratory and field experiments against many insect pests. The involvement of GSH S-transferase, carboxylesterase, and microsomal monooxygenase in insecticide resistance has been reported in insecticide-resistant strains of many insect species. Hence, the present study was taken up to monitor for cross resistance between B. thuringiensis cry toxins and synthetic insecticides in larvae of leaf folder as it is mediated by carboxylesterase titre and other enzymes by bioassay for two selected rice leaf folder field populations at the Entomology division of Directorate of Rice Research which showed 2-fold resistance ratio. Qualitative and quantitative changes of carboxylesterase （CarE） and glutathione-s-transferase （GST＇s） were worked out with midguts extracts of the two C. medinalis populations in the presence of a-napthyl acetate and chlorodi-nitro benzene substrates.

关键词： Cnaphalocrocis medinalis carboxylesterase and glutathione-s-transferase isozymes B type esterases.

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Efficacy of Acaricides alone and in Combination with Propiconozole against Rice Panicle/Sheath Mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第2期3卷 107-110页

作者： Suresh Daravath Shashi Bhushan Vemuri N.Ramagopal varma ramesh bellamkonda Ainp on Pesticide Residues Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500030 lndia

Experiments were conducted for chemical management against panicle mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki using seven treatments. Based on the overall performance of chemicals against this pest, spiromesifen ~ propiconazole, diafenthuron ＋ propiconazole and fenpyroxymate alone were found effective against panicle mite and associated grain discolouration. Spiromesifen （1 mL）＋ propiconazole （l mL） per litre of water was the best treatment which recorded 24.77% increase in grain yield over control.

关键词： Panicle mite spiromesifen grain discolouration

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Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Biochemical Constituents in the Rice Plant Treated with Different Xenobiotics

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第1期3卷 17-25页

作者： Mangalam Nantha kumar Vemuri Shashibhushan Vinnakota Jhansi Lakshmi Muthugonder Mohan bellamkonda ramesh Ainp on Pesticide Residues Acharya N. G.Ranga Agricultural University Hyderabad .4ndhra Pradesh 500030 India Directorate of Rice Research Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500030 lndia

Experiments were conducted at Entomology division of Directorate of Rice research to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in biochemical constituents in the rice plant treated with different xenobiotics, viz. insecticides like deltamethrin, imidacloprid, herbicide like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, fungicide like carbendazim, green manure Calotropis gigantea leaves, botanicals like Neem Seed Powder and fertilizer urea along with control plants of TN1, PTB33 and Swama varieties comprising of total 15 treatments. Application of butachlor, carbendazim, deltamethrin and excessive nitrogen fertilization resulted in increased population build up of brown plant hopper （BPH）. Significantly, lower honeydew excretion （13 mme area） in the BPH nymphs was observed on resistant PTB33 variety compared to susceptible TN1 and Swarna varieties （116 and 110 mm2 respectively）. In susceptible TN1 variety, the sucrose content was significantly higher （9.35 mg/g tissue） compared to BPH resistant PTB33 （5.32 mg/g tissue）. The BPH resistant PTB33 variety exhibited significantly lower free amino acid content （1.23 mg/g tissue） as compared to TN1 （2.51 mg/g）. The C/N ratio was comparatively high in the resistant PTB33 alone （4.32）, but was low in PTB33 applied with 2,4-D ＋ carbendazim （2.73）, 2,4-D ＋ imidacloprid ~ carbendazim （2.3）, excess urea fertilizer （2.18）. The total phenol contents measured in resistant PTB33 （7.5 mg/g dry wt）, susceptible TN1 （5.865 mg/g dry wt） and the popular variety Swarna （5.57 mg/g dry wt） were almost same and no statistical difference was observed. Further, treatment of these varieties with different xenobiotics and botanicals also did not significantly alter their total phenol content. However, the phenol content of the resistant PTB 33 alone and treated with xenobiotics was higher compared to the susceptible TN 1 and Swarna varieties alone and treated with xenobiotics. The plant biochemical constituents such as free amino acids, sucrose were lower

关键词： 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Oryza sativa L. xenobiotics BPH.

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Polytypic transformations of aluminum hydroxide: A mechanistic investigation

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Particuology 2012年第3期10卷 359-364页

作者： Thimmasandra Narayan ramesh Centre for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry Tumkur University

The diffusion of ammonia vapors into a solution of aluminum nitrate or ferric nitrate results in the precipitation of their respective hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. Polymorphic phase formation of aluminum hydroxide is controlled by the rate of crystallization. The PXRD patterns of products obtained via vapor phase diffusion revealed that poorly ordered aluminum hydroxide is formed during the initial stages of crystallization. After 8 days, the formation of the bayerite phase of aluminum hydroxide was observed. Upon prolonged exposure to ammonia vapors, bayerite was transformed into gibbsite. The infrared spectrum of the product confirmed the presence of different polytypic phases of aluminum hydroxide. The results demonstrated that the crystal structure of metal hydroxides is controlled by the rate of crystallization, nature of the metal ion, site selectivity and specificity and preparative conditions.

关键词： Vapor phase diffusionAluminum hydroxideGibbsiteBayeritePolytypism

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Maximum Power Enhancement Under Partial Shadings Using a Modified Sudoku Reconfiguration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第6期7卷 1187-1201页

作者： Kandipati Rajani Tejavathu ramesh the Electrical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Andhra PradeshWest Godavari-534101India

Partial shading is one of the important factors in reducing maximum power generation from PV(Photovoltaic)*** power generation can be improved by selecting a PV array through a Total-Cross-Tied(T-C-T)***,maximum power generated from T-C-T can still be improved by distribution of shading over various *** to distribution of shading,the current entering the node increases and results in improved maximum power *** can be done effectively by using Sudoku reconfiguration *** techniques are economical,since they don’t require any sensors and switching *** technique only changes the physical location of the PV panel but the electrical connection between the panels remains the *** paper proposes a Modified Sudoku reconfiguration pattern which enhances the maximum power from the T-C-T connected PV ***,the theoretical calculation of row current and power output have been done for existing and proposed topologies under various shading *** performance of the proposed pattern has been analyzed and compared using specifications,such as Global Maximum Power(GMP),Fill Factor(FF),mismatch losses,and *** the results,it can be concluded that the Modified Sudoku reconfiguration enhances the GMP under all shading conditions.

关键词： Efficiency fill factor global maximum power point mismatch losses partial shadings PV array reconfiguration shading patterns sudoku and total-cross-tied

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A Novel Process of CO_(2) Reduction and CO_(2) Sequestration Through an Innovative Accelerated Carbonation Technique

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第5期38卷 1105-1117页

作者： Akshay ramesh Bura B Kondraivendhan Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySuratGujaratIndia 395007

The efiect of an innovative accelerated carbonation curing technique was evaluated on concrete containing natural zeolite powder and fine aggregate as partial replacement to alleviate the CO_(2) emission up to a certain extent from the concrete production industry and improve sequestration of CO_(2) into the concrete matrix in a stable *** accelerated carbonation curing was accomplished by subjecting the concrete specimens to 0.5 and 0.75 M concentrations of sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO_(3)) solutions up to a curing age of 180 days after the initial 28 days of normal water *** for carbonation depth,pH value,compressive strength,calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))content,X-ray difiraction,and thermogravimetric(TGA)analyses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were performed to measure the extent of *** obtained results showed an increment in average compressive strength for the zeolite concrete(ZLC)mixes exposed to accelerated carbonation *** ZLC mixes exposed to increasing NaHCO_(3) solution concentration and exposure period exhibited greater carbonation depth and decreased pH at each depth interval indicating higher CO_(2) sequestration within the concrete *** results obtained from the microstructural analysis(XRD,TGA,and FTIR)and CaCO_(3) content measurements confirm that the higher amount of CaCO_(3) formation provides a clear indication of the carbonation enhancement and CO_(2) sequestration within the concrete matrix and in turn contributing to the global warming reduction.

关键词： CO_(2)sequestration accelerated carbonation natural zeolite calcium carbonate

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An assessment on the test setups used for energy labeling of ceiling fans

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1175-1188页

作者： Dilshan ramesh Casseer Chathura Ranasinghe Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MoratuwaMoratuwaSri Lanka

Ceiling fans are used all over the world as a mean of enhancing indoor thermal comfort. A number of grading programs have been initiated for assessing energy performance of ceiling fans, such as ANSI/AMCA 230, Energy Star, IEC 60879, IS 374 and SLS 1600. The configurations of test setups used for performance evaluations in these standards have significant differences to each other. In this study, the influence of such differences on the calculated performance grade of ceiling fans were investigated and the suitability of each dimension of the test set-up is discussed. Particular emphasis was placed on quantifying the effect of the cylindrical drum used in Energy Star and SLS test methods. For this assessment, extensive three-dimensional numerical simulations and experimental measurements were used. Accordingly, the effect of cylinder height, gap between the fan rotation plane and the cylinder, cylinder diameter and the dimensions of the test chamber were investigated. Results show that, the test cylinder, has no significant impact on the calculated performance grade of the tested ceiling fan (variation is less than 2%), and may be eliminated from the test setup. This justifies the recent decision of AMCA on the removal of test cylinder from the fan test set-up. Further, it was also found that the set up dimensions considered herein is large enough so that the calculated start rating is uneffaced by the surrounding solid walls.

关键词： ceiling fans energy label Energy Star test standards efficiency

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Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs)

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第6期7卷 349-364页

作者： ramesh Kumar Bonta Plant Metabolic Pathway Laboratory RGSOIPLIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables （GLVs） are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identifica- tion, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectro- metry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry （LC-MS） has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC-MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.

关键词： Green leafy vegetables Phenolic acids Flavonoids HPLC ESI-MS

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Energy Spectra of the Coulomb Perturbed Potential in N-Dimensional Hilbert Space

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第6期29卷 35-38页

作者： ramesh Kumar Fakir Chand Department of Physics Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra-136119India

We deal with the solutions to the radial Schr(o)dinger equation for the Coulomb perturbed potential in Ndimensional Hilbert space by using two methods,*** power series technique via a suitable ansatz to the wavefunction and the Virial *** expressions for eigenvalues and normalized eigenfunctions are derived.A recursion relation among series expansion coefficients,a condition for convergence of series and interdimensional degeneracies are also *** special cases,the problem is solved in 3 and 4 dimensions with some specific parameter *** obtained analytical and numerical results are in good agreement with the results of other studies.

关键词： dimensions normalized perturbed

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