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Multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit Moun P.ramesh kumar M.Malathi Priya T.ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).Methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： Presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

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Chronic hepatitis B:Prevent,diagnose,and treat before the point of no return

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第10期16卷 1151-1157页

作者： Sudheer Marrapu ramesh kumar Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Hepatitis B remains a significant global health challenge,contributing to substantial morbidity and *** 254 million people world-wide live with Chronic hepatitis B(CHB),with the majority of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and the Western Pacific ***,only about 13.4%of the individuals infected with this disease have been diagnosed,and awareness of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection status is as low as 1%in sub-Saharan *** 2022,CHB led to 1.1 million deaths *** World Health Organization(WHO)has set a target of eliminating hepatitis B as a public health concern by 2030;however,this goal appears increasingly unattainable due to multiple *** challenges include low vaccination coverage;a large number of undiagnosed cases;a low proportion of patients eligible for treatment under current guidelines;limited access to healthcare;and the costs associated with lifelong *** of HBV can yield significant clinical benefits within a long window of ***,the benefits of therapy are markedly diminished when the disease is detected at the advanced cirrhosis *** editorial aim to highlight the current challenges in hepatitis care and the necessary steps to achieve the WHO's hepatitis elimination goals for 2030.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Cirrhosis Decompensation Hepato-cellular carcinoma

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Comparison of the Anatomy and Adaptability of Reconstructed Teeth with Natural Teeth:An Innovative Approach in Forensic Dentistry

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 47-54页

作者： Supraja S P M Tejaswi Ravikanth Manyam Mohan kumar Pasupuleti Swetha P ramesh kumar Budumuru Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia Vishnu Dental College BhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Periodontics and Implantology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia

Background:Forensic tooth reconstruction is the technique of reconstructing the morphology of a missing tooth from the intra-alveolar morphology of dental sockets from skeletal *** and Objectives:The aim and objective of the study are to compare and investigate whether the anatomy and adaptability of reconstructed teeth simulate with the natural tooth and to investigate whether the dental materials have potential in reconstruction of *** and Methods:An in vitro experimental study was undertaken on a human *** to the Fédération Dentaire Internationale,charting will be done based on the number of teeth *** entire study will be conducted in three phases using dental *** 1 comprised preparation for negative replica,where an impression will be taken,Phase 2 comprised preparation of a positive replica or cast,and Phase 3 comprised tooth reconstruction using the flowable ***:The specimen tooth(which had been taken from its socket)and the newly constructed tooth were compared,and when the length of the newly constructed root was measured using digital vernier calipers,there was a disparity of 0.5-1 *** cone-beam computed tomography radiographs demonstrated the necessary ***:The present study demonstrated that dental information can be obtained even when teeth are absent postmortem by making an attempt to recreate the teeth using dental materials while documenting the intra-alveolar anatomy of the dental root socket.

关键词： Adaptability anatomy reconstruction teeth

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Intestinal lymphangiectasia:Understanding the bigger picture

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3298-3303页

作者： Sudheer Marrapu ramesh kumar Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Intestinal lymphangiectasia(IL)is characterized by the dilation of intestinal lymphatic vessels,which can rupture and cause loss of lymph into the *** to the high content of proteins,lipoproteins,and lymphocytes in the intestinal lymph,loss of lymph might result in hypoproteinemia,hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and *** addition,there may be a depletion of minerals,lipids,and fat-soluble *** can be primary due to inherent malfunctioning of the lymphatic system,or secondly,a result of various factors that may hinder lymphatic drainage either directly or *** condition has emerged as a subject of significant clinical *** that the intestinal lymphatic system plays an important role in the body’s fluid homeostasis,adaptive immunity,nutrient and drug absorption,intestinal transport,and systemic metabolism,its dysfunction may have wider *** primary IL is rare,with varied clinical features,complications,treatment response,and outcomes,secondary IL is more common than previously *** definitive diagnosis of IL requires endoscopic demonstration of whitish villi(which frequently resemble snowflakes)and histological confirmation of dilated lacteals in the small intestinal *** of IL is challenging and involves dietary modifications,managing underlying medical conditions,and using medications such as sirolimus and *** its prevalence and diverse etiology is crucial for targeted management of this challenging medical *** article provides a comprehensive exploration of the clinical implications associated with *** addition,it offers valuable insights into critical knowledge gaps in the existing diagnostic and management landscape.

关键词： Intestinal lymphatics Lymphangiectasia Waldman's disease Lacteals Lymph

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Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 699-715页

作者： Ankit Agarwal Sagnik Biswas Shekhar Swaroop Arnav Aggarwal Ayush Agarwal Gautam Jain Anshuman Elhence Arun Vaidya Amit Gupte Ravi Mohanka ramesh kumar Ashwani kumar Mishra Shivanand Gamanagatti Shashi Bala Paul Subrat kumar Acharya Akash Shukla Shalimar Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM HospitalMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Liver Transplant and HPB Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Professor of Biostatistics National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre(NDDTC)All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia

BACKGROUND There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS).AIM To assess the magnitude,clinical characteristics,feasibility,and outcomes of treatment in *** A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi,India and 1140 from Mumbai,India were *** prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined,and among patients with BCS-HCC,the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were *** In the New Delhi cohort of 35 BCS-HCC patients,18 had HCC at index presentation(prevalence 1.99%),and 17 developed HCC over a follow-up of 4601 person-years,[incidence 0.36(0.22-0.57)per 100 person-years].BCS-HCC patients were older when compared to patients with BCS alone(P=0.001)and had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava block,cirrhosis,and long-segment vascular *** median alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in patients with BCS-HCC at first presentation than those who developed HCC at follow-up(13029 ng/mL vs 500 ng/mL,P=0.01).Of the 35 BCS-HCC,26(74.3%)underwent radiological interventions for BCS,and 22(62.8%)patients underwent treatment for HCC[transarterial chemoembolization in 18(81.8%),oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 3(13.6%),and transarterial radioembolization in 1(4.5%)].The median survival among patients who underwent interventions for HCC compared with those who did not was 3.5 years vs 3.1 mo(P=0.0001).In contrast to the New Delhi cohort,the Mumbai cohort of BCS-HCC patients were predominantly males,presented with a more advanced HCC[Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C and D],and 2 patients underwent liver *** HCC is not uncommon in patients with *** interventions and liver transplantation are feasible in select primary BCS-HCC patients and may improve outcomes.

关键词： Budd chiari syndrome Cancer Cirrhosis Thrombosis Liver Varices Transarterial chemoembolization Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction

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Amebic liver abscess: An update

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 316-330页

作者： ramesh kumar Rishabh Patel Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi Ruchika Narayan Tanmoy Maji Utpal Anand Jinit R Soni Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Amebic liver abscess(ALA)is still a common problem in the tropical world,where it affects over three-quarters of patients with liver *** is caused by an anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba hystolytica,which primarily colonises the *** is a non-suppurative infection of the liver consisting primarily of dead hepatocytes and cellular *** of the male gender,during their reproductive years,are most prone to ALA,and this appears to be due to a poorly mounted immune response linked to serum testosterone *** is more common in the right lobe of the liver,is strongly associated with alcohol consumption,and can heal without the need for *** majority of ALA patients have an uncomplicated course,a number of complications have been described,including rupture into abdomino-thoracic structures,biliary fistula,vascular thrombosis,bilio-vascular compression,and secondary bacterial *** on clinico-radiological findings,a classification system for ALA has emerged recently,which can assist clinicians in making treatment *** research has revealed the role of venous thrombosis-related ischemia in the severity of *** years have seen the development and refinement of newer molecular diagnostic techniques that can greatly aid in overcoming the diagnostic challenge in endemic area where serology-based tests have limited *** has been the drug of choice for ALA patients for many ***,concerns over the resistance and adverse effects necessitate the creation of new,safe,and potent antiamebic *** the indication of the drainage of uncomplicated ALA has become more clear,high-quality randomised trials are still necessary for robust *** drainage appears to be a viable option for patients with ruptured ALA and diffuse peritonitis,for whom surgery represents a significant risk of *** regard to all of the aforementioned issues,this article intends to present an u

关键词： Amebic liver abscess Amebiasis Ruptured liver abscess Percutaneous drainage Metronidazole

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Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 263-270页

作者： Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim ramesh kumar Chitumalla Gayoung Ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung Cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo Department of Nano Fusion Technology Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Adolphe Merkle Institute University of FribourgCH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland

In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative *** study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial *** ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material *** ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation *** crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial *** devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial *** techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative ***,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative *** research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Interfacial passivation Crown ether materials Stability

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Renal resistive index measurements by ultrasound in patients with liver cirrhosis:Magnitude and associations with renal dysfunction

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第6期16卷 221-231页

作者： Himanshu Surya ramesh kumar Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi Sabbu Surya Prakash Sudhir kumar Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

BACKGROUND The hemodynamic alterations seen in liver cirrhosis lead to renal vasoconstriction,ultimately causing acute kidney injury(AKI).The renal resistive index(RRI)is the most common Doppler ultrasound variable for measuring intrarenal vascular *** To evaluate the association of the RRI with AKI in patients with liver cirrhosis and to identify risk factors for high *** This was a prospective observational study,where RRI was measured using Doppler ultrasound in 200 consecutive hospitalized patients with *** association of RRI with AKI was *** receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was utilized to determine discriminatory cut-offs of RRI for various AKI *** analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of high *** The mean patient age was 49.08±11.68 years,with the majority(79.5%)being male;the predominant etiology of cirrhosis was alcohol(39%).The mean RRI for the study cohort was 0.68±0.09,showing a progressive increase with higher Child-Pugh class of ***,AKI was present in 129(64.5%)*** mean RRI was significantly higher in patients with AKI compared to those without it(0.72±0.06 vs 0.60±0.08;P<0.001).A total of 82 patients(41%)had hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)-AKI,29(22.4%)had prerenal AKI(PRA),and 18(13.9%)had acute tubular necrosis(ATN)-*** mean RRI was significantly higher in the ATN-AKI(0.80±0.02)and HRS-AKI(0.73±0.03)groups than in the PRA(0.63±0.07)and non-AKI(0.60±0.07)*** demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability in distinguishing ATN-AKI from non-ATN-AKI(area under ROC curve:93.9%).AKI emerged as an independent predictor of high RRI(adjusted odds ratio[OR]:11.52),and high RRI independently predicted mortality among AKI patients(adjusted OR:3.18).CONCLUSION In cirrhosis patients,RRI exhibited a significant association with AKI,effectively differentiated between AKI phenotypes,and predicted AKI mortality.

关键词： Renal resistive index Cirrhosis Acute kidney injury Hepatorenal syndrome Renal Doppler

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Vascular complications of liver abscess: A literature review

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2024年第3期12卷 17-29页

作者： Rahul Arya ramesh kumar Rajeev N Priyadarshi Ruchika Narayan Utpal Anand Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Extensive vascular network and proximity to the gastrointestinal tract make the liver susceptible to abscess *** pyogenic liver abscesses account for the majority of liver abscesses in the Western world,amebic liver abscesses are more prevalent in tropical and developing *** liver abscesses heal without ***,various vascular complications can occur in these patients,including compression of the inferior vena cava,thrombosis of the portal vein and/or hepatic veins,hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm,direct rupture into major vessels or the pericardium,and biliovascular *** compli-cations can present significant clinical challenges due to the potential for hae-morrhage,ischemia,and systemic embolism,thereby increasing the risk of morbidity and *** compression,flow stasis,inflammation,endothelial injury,and direct invasion are some of the proposed mechanisms that can cause vascular complications in the setting of a liver *** the diag-nosis,thorough assessment,and therapeutic planning of vascular complications,more sophisticated imaging techniques such as multidetector computed tomo-graphy angiography or magnetic resonance angiography may be *** most vascular complications resolve with abscess treatment alone,additional interventions may be required based on the nature,severity,and course of the *** article aims to provide a systematic update on the spectrum of vascular complications of liver abscesses,offering insights into their pathogenesis,diagnosis,and management strategies.

关键词： Liver abscess Pylephlebitis Venous thrombosis Pseudoaneurysm Portal cavernoma Inferior vena cava obstruction

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Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs)

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第6期7卷 349-364页

作者： ramesh kumar Bonta Plant Metabolic Pathway Laboratory RGSOIPLIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables （GLVs） are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identifica- tion, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectro- metry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry （LC-MS） has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC-MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.

关键词： Green leafy vegetables Phenolic acids Flavonoids HPLC ESI-MS

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