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Needs of exploring the burden of recent onset seizures due to neurocysticercosis and challenges in southeast Asia focusing on scenario in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 313-321页

作者： Sahu Priyadarshi S Lim Yvonne AL Mahmud Rohela Somanath Sushela D Tan Chong T ramachandran cp Division of Pathology School of MedicineInternational Medical University Department of Parasitology Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Division of Neurology Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Chairperson Programme Review GroupNeglected Tropical Diseases-WHO-Western Pacific Region

Seizures due to neurocysticercosis(NCC) is a neglected human-to-human transmitted disorder and an emerging problem worldwide.A substantial portion of recent onset seizures is known to be attributed to NCC in Taenia solium(T.solium) endemic areas where populations which neither raise pigs nor eat pig meat are also at risk.High prevalence of NCC causing epilepsy has been reported in the underdeveloped areas of Southeast Asia(SEA) however,only fragmentary information on its incidence is available in countries like Malaysia.In Malaysia T.solium infection was previously thought to be infrequent due to Muslim population majority and the religious prohibition of consuming pork,but it is not totally absent There is an evident lack of knowledge and awareness of the actual burden,routes of transmission,and the impact of NCC in this region.The problem is assumed to be more prevalent particularly in cities because of the frequent inflow of possibly T.solium infected individuals or carriers among those who migrate from neighboring endemic countries to Malaysia.The issue of imported cases that are likely to be emerging in Malaysia is highlighted here.An accurate quantification of regional burdens of epilepsy due to NCC in Malaysia is warranted considering the disease emergence in its neighboring countries.It is suggested that the importance of NCC be recognized through quantification of its burden,and also to collect epidemiological data for its subsequent elimination in line of World Health Organization's mission for control of cysticercosis as a neglected tropical disease.In this review the need as well as a strategy for neurc-care center screening of epilepsy cases,and various issues with possible explanations are discussed.It is also proposed that NCC be declared as a reportable disease which is one of the eradicable public health problems in SEA.

关键词： Seizure Recent onset seizure NTD Cysticercosis Neurocysticercosis Southeast Asia Malaysia

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Intrusion Detection Model Using Chaotic MAP for Network Coding Enabled Mobile Small Cells

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3151-3176页

作者： Chanumolu Kiran Kumar Nandhakumar ramachandran School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP UniversityAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522241India

Wireless Network security management is difficult because of the ever-increasing number of wireless network malfunctions,vulnerabilities,and assaults.Complex security systems,such as Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS),are essential due to the limitations of simpler security measures,such as cryptography and firewalls.Due to their compact nature and low energy reserves,wireless networks present a significant challenge for security procedures.The features of small cells can cause threats to the network.Network Coding(NC)enabled small cells are vulnerable to various types of attacks.Avoiding attacks and performing secure“peer”to“peer”data transmission is a challenging task in small cells.Due to the low power and memory requirements of the proposed model,it is well suited to use with constrained small cells.An attacker cannot change the contents of data and generate a new Hashed Homomorphic Message Authentication Code(HHMAC)hash between transmissions since the HMAC function is generated using the shared secret.In this research,a chaotic sequence mapping based low overhead 1D Improved Logistic Map is used to secure“peer”to“peer”data transmission model using lightweight H-MAC(1D-LM-P2P-LHHMAC)is proposed with accurate intrusion detection.The proposed model is evaluated with the traditional models by considering various evaluation metrics like Vector Set Generation Accuracy Levels,Key Pair Generation Time Levels,Chaotic Map Accuracy Levels,Intrusion Detection Accuracy Levels,and the results represent that the proposed model performance in chaotic map accuracy level is 98%and intrusion detection is 98.2%.The proposed model is compared with the traditional models and the results represent that the proposed model secure data transmission levels are high.

关键词： Network coding small cells data transmission intrusion detection model hashed message authentication code chaotic sequence mapping secure transmission

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Structural insights on anti-biofilm mechanism of heated slightly acidic electrolyzed water technology against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on food contact surface

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1556-1566页

作者： Pianpian Yan ramachandran Chelliah Kyoung Hee Jo Xiuqin Chen Akanksha Tyagi Hyeon Yeong Jo Fazle Elahi Nam Chan Woo Min Seung Wook Deog Hwan Oh Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341South Korea Kangwon Institute ofInclusive Technology(KIIT) Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341South Korea Saveetha School of Engineering (SIMATS)UniversitySriperumbudur 600124India Seoulin Bioscience Company Seongnam-si 13488South Korea

Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)has proven to be an efficient and novel sanitizer in food and agriculture field.This study assessed the efficacy of SAEW(30 mg/L)at 40℃on the inactivation of foodbome pathogens and detachment of multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilm.Furthermore.the underlying mechanism of MRS A biofilm under heated SAEW at 40℃treatment on metabolic profiles was investigated.The results showed that the heated SAEW at 40℃significantly effectively against foodbome pathogens of 1.96-7.56(lg(CFU/g))reduction in pork,chicken,spinach,and lettuce.The heated SAEW at 40℃treatment significantly reduced MRS A biofilm cells by 2.41(lg(CFU/cm^(2))).The synergistic effect of SAEW treatment showed intense anti-biofilm activity in decreasing cell density and impairing biofilm cell membranes.Global metabolic response of MRSA biofilms,treated by SAEW at 40℃,revealed the alterations of intracellular metabolites,including amino acids,organic acid,fatty acid,and lipid.Moreover,signaling pathways involved in amino acid metabolism,energy metabolism,nucleotide synthesis,carbohydrate metabolites,and lipid biosynthesis were functionally disrupted by the SAEW at 40℃treatment.As per our knowledge,this is the first research to uncover the potential mechanism of heated SAEW treatment against MRSA biofilm on food contact surface.

关键词： Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Metabolic profile SAEW Biofilm Hurdle technology Electrode material

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High-temperature synthesis and electronic bonding analysis of Ca-doped LaMnO_(3) rare-earth manganites

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Rare Metals 2022年第11期41卷 3932-3942页

作者： Natarajan Thenmozhi ramachandran Saravanan Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Nadar Mahajana Sangam S.Vellaichamy Nadar CollegeNagamalaiMaduraiTamil Nadu625019India Research Centre and Post Graduate Department of Physics The Madura CollegeMaduraiTamil Nadu625011India

Doped lanthanum manganites La_(1-x)Ca_(x)MnO_(3) with five different concentrations of Ca(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5) were synthesized by high-temperature solidstate reaction method and characterized.The prepared samples were experimentally analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis),scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)measurements.Orthorhombic structure is confirmed for this compound from powder X-ray diffraction data.The XRD data confirm the shrinkage in the unit cell of synthesized samples for increasing calcium concentration.The UV-Visible analysis for the estimation of optical band gap(E_(g)) reveals that the band gap decreases with the incorporation of Ca.The synthesized samples were investigated for charge density distribution using maximum entropy method,utilizing the XRD data sets.From the charge density analysis,it is found that the bond lengths for La-O and Mn-O bonds decrease with the addition of Ca.The ionic nature between La and O atoms and covalent nature between Mn and O atoms are enhanced for 40% of calcium-doping.For 50% of Ca-doped sample,ionic nature between La and O atoms and covalent nature between Mn and O atoms decrease.All the prepared samples exhibit ferromagnetism at 20 K and paramagnetism at 300 K.

关键词： Manganites Mixed valency Magnetocaloric Magnetoresistive SOFC

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Advances in the imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3008-3026页

作者： Anupama ramachandran Kumble Seetharama Madhusudhan Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ in their pathogenesis,hormonal syndromes produced,biological behavior and consequently,in their requirement for and/or response to specific chemotherapeutic agents and molecular targeted therapies.Various imaging techniques are available for functional and morphological evaluation of these neoplasms and the selection of investigations performed in each patient should be customized to the clinical question.Also,with the increased availability of cross sectional imaging,these neoplasms are increasingly being detected incidentally in routine radiology practice.This article is a review of the various imaging modalities currently used in the evaluation of neuroendocrine neoplasms,along with a discussion of the role of advanced imaging techniques and a glimpse into the newer imaging horizons,mostly in the research stage.

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumor Gastroenteropancreatic Intravoxel incoherent motion Diffusion weighted imaging Perfusion imaging Dual energy computed tomography

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In-plane and out-of-plane quasi-static compression performance enhancement of 3D printed re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial with geometrical tuning and fiber reinforcement

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2023年第7期25卷 1-17页

作者： Niranjan Chikkanna Shankar Krishnapillai Velmurugan ramachandran Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036India Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036India

Auxetic materials are cellular materials with a unique property of negative Poisson’s ratio.The auxeticity and performance of these metamaterials utterly depend on the geometrical parameters and loading direction.For the first time,the quasi-static uniaxial compression performance of fused filament fabricated re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial is evaluated in the x-direction(in-plane)and z-direction(out-of-plane).The most commonly used thermoplastic feedstock,Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,is considered a material of choice.The effect of influential geometrical parameters of the re-entrant diamond structure and printing parameter is systematically studied using Taguchi’s design of experiments.Grey-based multi-objective optimisation technique has been adopted to arrive at the optimal structure.Efforts are made to improve the stiffness and strength of the structure with fibre reinforcements.Micro glass fibre reinforcements have enhanced specific strength and stiffness in both in-plane and out-ofplane directions.A sevenfold and thirteen times increase in specific strength and energy absorption is evident for glass fibre-reinforced structures in out-of-plane directions compared to in-plane ones.Proper tuning of geometrical parameters of the re-entrant diamond structure can result in a Poisson’s ratio of up to-3.49 when tested in the x-direction.The parametric study has illustrated the tailorability of the structure according to the application requirements.The statistical study has signified each considered parameter’s contribution to the compression performance characteristics of the 3D printed re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial.

关键词： Auxeticity Fibre reinforcement Tailorability Anisotropy Geometrical influence Property enhancement

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Multi-Factor Authentication for Secured Financial Transactions in Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1781-1798页

作者： D.Prabakaran Shyamala ramachandran IFET College of Engineering Villupuram605108TamilnaduIndia University College of Engineering-Tindivanam Tindivanam604001TamilnaduIndia

The rise of the digital economy and the comfort of accessing by way of user mobile devices expedite human endeavors in financial transactions over the Virtual Private Network(VPN)backbone.This prominent application of VPN evades the hurdles involved in physical money exchange.The VPN acts as a gateway for the authorized user in accessing the banking server to provide mutual authentication between the user and the server.The security in the cloud authentication server remains vulnerable to the results of threat in JP Morgan Data breach in 2014,Capital One Data Breach in 2019,and manymore cloud server attacks over and over again.These attacks necessitate the demand for a strong framework for authentication to secure from any class of threat.This research paper,propose a framework with a base of EllipticalCurve Cryptography(ECC)to performsecure financial transactions throughVirtual PrivateNetwork(VPN)by implementing strongMulti-Factor Authentication(MFA)using authentication credentials and biometric identity.The research results prove that the proposed model is to be an ideal scheme for real-time implementation.The security analysis reports that the proposed model exhibits high level of security with a minimal response time of 12 s on an average of 1000 users.

关键词： Cloud computing elliptical curve cryptography multi-factor authentication mel frequency cepstral coefficient privacy protection secured framework secure financial transactions

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Synchronization of nonlinear multi-agent systems using a non-fragile sampled data control approach and its application to circuit systems

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023年第4期24卷 553-566页

作者： Stephen AROCKIA SAMY Raja ramachandran Pratap ANBALAGAN Yang CAO Department of Mathematics Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi 630003Tamil NaduIndia Ramanujan Centre for Higher Mathematics Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi 630003Tamil NaduIndia Research Center for Wind Energy Systems Kunsan National UniversityGunsan 573-701Republic of Korea School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

The main aim of this work is to design a non-fragile sampled data control(NFSDC) scheme for the asymptotic synchronization criteria for interconnected coupled circuit systems(multi-agent systems, MASs). NFSDC is used to conduct synchronization analysis of the considered MASs in the presence of time-varying delays. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) to ensure synchronization between the MAS leader and follower systems. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and less conservation of the proposed Lyapunov functions.

关键词： Multi-agent systems(MASs) Non-fragile sampled data control(NFSDC) Time-varying delay Linear matrix inequality(LMI) Asymptotic synchronization

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Nacelle intake flow separation reduction at cruise condition using active flow control

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第3期11卷 337-352页

作者： Vinayak ramachandran Nambiar Vassilios Pachidis Centre for Propulsion Engineering Cranfield UniversityBedfordMK430ALUK

Turbofan engine intakes are designed to provide separation-free flow at the fan faceover a wide range of operating conditions. But at some off-design conditions, like at high flightspeeds and high angles of attack (AoA), the aero engine intake may encounter flow separation.This boundary layer separation inside the nacelle inlet of an aircraft engine can lead to a largenumber of undesirable outcomes like reduction in fan efficiency, engine stall and high levels ofstress on the fan blades. Active flow control is a promising solution to reduce inlet boundarylayer separation and the associated fan-face flow distortion at such off-design conditions. Byblowing pressurized air into the intake near the separation point, the boundary layer is ener-gized and separation can be controlled. This study investigates the applicability of lip blowing,an active flow control technique, to control intake separation and flow distortion at the fan-face.First, intake separation was triggered in a 3D CFD model based on the NASA CommonResearch Model (CRM) using high AoA cases at cruise condition (Mach number 0.85, Massflow capture ratio w0.7) and the features of separated flow were analyzed. Thereafter, activeflow control was introduce to the intake in the form of two types of lip blowing, direct andpitched blowing. The efficacy of lip blowing at achieving separation control in an ultra highbypass ratio turbofan engine intake has been established through this study. The present paperalso examines the significance of blowing parameters like the type of blowing, blowing pres-sure ratio, and blowing slot dimension, at different angles of attack to identify the critical con-trol parameters. Our research successfully establishes proof of concept by demonstrating the feasibility of using lip blowing for separation control in aero-intakes, via numerical modelling.Furthermore, this study also provides crucial insights regarding the important variables to beconsidered for future experimental studies, and also for detailed studies covering a wider

关键词： Ultra high bypass ratio turbofan engine NASA Common Research Model Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) ANSYS Fluent Intake flow separation Active flow control Lip blowing

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Finding the superior mode basis for mode-division multiplexing:a comparison of spatial modes in air-core fiber

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第5期5卷 50-67页

作者： Hongya Wang Jianzhou Ai Zelin Ma Siddharth ramachandran Jian Wang Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic InformationWuhanChina Optics Valley Laboratory WuhanChina Boston University BostonMassachusettsUnited States

Diverse spatial mode bases can be exploited in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)to sustain the capacity growth in fiber-optic communications,such as linearly polarized(LP)modes,vector modes,LP orbital angular momentum(LP-OAM)modes,and circularly polarized OAM(cp-OAM)modes.Nevertheless,which kind of mode bases is more appropriate to be utilized in fiber still remains unclear.Here,we aim to find the superior mode basis in MDM fiber-optic communications via a system-level comparison in air-core fiber(ACF).We first investigate the walk-off effect of four spatial mode bases over 1-km ACF,where LP and LP-OAM modes show intrinsic mode walk-off,while it is negligible for vector and cp-OAM modes.We then study the mode coupling effect of degenerate vector and cp-OAM modes over 1-km ACF under fiber perturbations,where degenerate even and odd vector modes suffer severe mode cross talk,while negligible for highorder degenerate cp-OAM modes based on the laws of angular momentum conservation.Moreover,we comprehensively evaluate the system-level performance for data-carrying single-channel and two-channel MDM transmission with different spatial mode bases under various kinds of fiber perturbations(bending,twisting,pressing,winding,and out-of-plane moving).The obtained results indicate that the cp-OAM mode basis shows superiority compared to other mode bases in MDM fiber-optic communications without using multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing.Our findings may pave the way for robust shortreach MDM optical interconnects for data centers and high-performance computing.

关键词： fiber-optic communications mode-division multiplexing spatial modes linearly polarized modes vector modes linearly polarized orbital angular momentum modes circularly polarized orbital angular momentum modes air-core fiber fiber perturbations

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