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Isomorphic 2D/3D Objects and Saccadic Characteristics in Mental Rotation

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 433-450页

作者： Akanksha Tiwari ram Bilas Pachori Premjit Khanganba Sanjram Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore453552India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore453552India Discipline of Psychology Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore453552India Center for Electric Vehicles and Intelligent Transport Systems Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore453552India

Mental rotation(MR)is an important aspect of cognitive processing in gaming since transformation andmanipulation of visuospatial information are necessary in order to execute a gaming *** study provides insights on saccadic characteristics in gaming task performance that involves 2D and 3D isomorphic objects with varying angular *** participants(N=60)performedMR gaming *** participantwas tested individually in an acoustic treated lab *** behavior data of all participants were recorded during task execution and analyzed to find the changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of saccades associated with the variation in angular disparity and *** were four groups with unique combination of angular disparity and dimensionality,each with fifteen participants randomly *** indicate that the spatial characteristics of the object affect the temporal aspect of saccade(duration),whereas the spatial aspect of the saccade(amplitude)is influenced by the objects’dimension.A longer saccade duration indicates a prolonged suppression of spatial information processing during the MR tasks with objects at convex range angular ***,the MR tasks with convex angular disparity become more complex to process compared to the tasks with reflex angular *** process is faster and more accurate with 3D objects compared to the 2D *** is an interaction between angular disparity and dimensionality in terms of mental demand,such that theMR processing with 2Dobjects in reflex angular disparitywasmoremental demanding than that of convex angular disparity;however,this trend was absent in case of ***,during the MR task,the longer saccade duration implies that the taskswith convex angular disparities become comparativelymore ***,the lower saccadic amplitude for 2D objects indicates difficulties in processing due to deficient visual *** findings could help in framing the c

关键词： Mental rotation computer-game angular disparity dimensionality gaze behavior

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Integrin binding peptides facilitate growth and interconnected vascular-like network formation of rat primary cortical vascular endothelial cells in vitro

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1052-1056页

作者： ram Kuwar Xuejun Wen Ning Zhang Dong Sun Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Medical College of Virginia CampusVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering College of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Neovascularization and angiogenesis in the brain are important physiological processes for normal brain development and repair/regeneration following insults. Integrins are cell surface adhesion receptors mediating important function of cells such as survival, growth and development during tissue organization, differentiation and organogenesis. In this study, we used an integrin-binding array platform to identify the important types of integrins and their binding peptides that facilitate adhesion, growth, development, and vascular-like network formation of rat primary brain microvascular endothelial cells. Brain microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from rat brain on post-natal day 7. Cells were cultured in a custom-designed integrin array system containing short synthetic peptides binding to 16 types of integrins commonly expressed on cells in vertebrates. After 7 days of culture, the brain microvascular endothelial cells were processed for immunostaining with markers for endothelial cells including von Willibrand factor and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. 5-Bromo-2′-dexoyuridine was added to the culture at 48 hours prior to fixation to assess cell proliferation. Among 16 integrins tested, we found that α5β1, αvβ5 and αvβ8 greatly promoted proliferation of endothelial cells in culture. To investigate the effect of integrin-binding peptides in promoting neovascularization and angiogenesis, the binding peptides to the above three types of integrins were immobilized to our custom-designed hydrogel in three-dimensional(3 D) culture of brain microvascular endothelial cells with the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor. Following a 7-day 3 D culture, the culture was fixed and processed for double labeling of phalloidin with von Willibrand factor or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and assessed under confocal microscopy. In the 3 D culture in hydrogels conjugated with the integrin-binding peptide, brain microvascular endothelial c

关键词： 3D culture angiogenesis brain microvascular endothelial cells hydrogel integrins platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(PECAM-1) vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) vascularization

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A numerical simulation for the control of radiative heat energy and thermophoretic effects on MHD micropolar fluid with heat source

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第1期7卷 92-98页

作者： ram Prakash sharma S.R.Mishra Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyArunachal PradeshYupia 791112Papum Pare DistrictArunachal Pradesh Department of Mathematics Siksha‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswar 751030OdishaIndia

The current paper explores the behavior of the thermal radiation on the time-independent flow of mi-cropolar fluid past a vertical stretching surface with the interaction of a transverse magnetic *** ef-fect of thermo-diffusion(Soret)along with the heat source is incorporated to enhance the thermal ***,the convective solutal condition is considered that affects the mass transfer *** transformed equations are modeled using suitable similarity ***,the complex cou-pled equations are handled mathematically employing the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg *** behavior of characterizing parameters on the flow phenomena as well as the engineering coefficients are displayed via graphs and the validation of the current outcome is reported with the previously published results in particular cases.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamic Thermal radiation Heat source Thermo-diffusion Chemical reaction Runge-Kutta-Felhberg method

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Particle image velocimetry evaluation of flow-altering countermeasures for local scour around a submerged circular cylinder

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 411-423页

作者： Priscilla Williams ram Balachandar Vesselina Roussinova Ronald Barron Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Windsor Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Windsor

The effect of scour countermeasures on the mechanism of local scour around a cylinder requires clarification in order to develop design methodology for use in practice. Previous investigations on countermeasure performance, though useful, have not provided adequate measurements to support this understanding. In the present investigation, particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements were acquired at several streamwise-vertical planes in the flow field surrounding a submerged circular cylinder with a vertical splitter plate and with a rectangular collar(a horizontal base plate). Analysis of the distribution of mean streamwise velocity and Reynolds shear stress as well as the scour formation indicated that the splitter plate disrupted shear layer interaction in the wake region, reducing the width of scour downstream of the cylinder by 3%. The collar eliminated scour upstream of the cylinder entirely by providing protection at the sides of the cylinder where the shear stress exceeds the critical bed shear stress, and the streamwise velocity distribution in the region between the cylinder and the channel sidewall indicated that installation of a rectangular collar causes flow separation at a point further upstream on the cylinder surface.

关键词： Scour and erosion Local scour Pier scour Scour countermeasures Hydraulic modelling Particle image velocimetry (PIV)

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Genetic linkage mapping and QTL identification for salinity tolerance in Indian mustard(Brassica juncea *** and Coss.)using SSR markers

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Oil Crop Science-中国油料作物学报英文版 2023年第3期8卷 191-205页

作者： Rekha Patel Sumit Jangra ram Avtar Neelam R.Yadav ram C.Yadav Department of Molecular Biology Biotechnology&BioinformaticsCCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisar-125004India Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisar125004India

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints that limits crop yield and nearly 7%of the total area worldwide is affected by ***-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage during germination and seedling *** mustard is a major oilseed crop in India and its production and productivity are severely affected by salt *** Brassica cultivars for salinity tolerance by conventional means is very difficult and ***,understanding the molecular components associated with salt tolerance is needed to facilitate breeding for salt tolerance in *** this investigation,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with salt tolerance were identified using F_(2:3)mapping population developed from a cross between CS52(salinity tolerant)and RH30(salinity sensitive).Parents and F_(2:3)were evaluated under controlled and salinity stress conditions for 14 morpho-physiological traits for two consecutive generations(F2 and F_(2:3)),explaining proportion of the phenotypic variance under control *** sequence repeat(SSR)markers were used for mapping studies.A genetic linkage map based on 42 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)markers was constructed covering 2298.5 cM(Haldane)to identify the loci associated with salt tolerance in Brassica ***-one SSRs showing polymorphism in the parents(CS52 and RH30)were mapped on 8 linkage groups(C1–C8).One marker(nga 129)did not map to any of the linkage group and was excluded from *** group 5(C5;317.9 cM)was longest and linkage group 1(C1,255.0 cM)was ***,we identified 15 QTLs controlling 8 traits using F_(2:3)*** QTLs explained 12.44–60.63%of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score range of 3.62–*** of these QTLs,QMI4.1 related to membrane injury showed 51.28%phenotypic variance with a LOD score of *** QBYP8.1 related to biological yield per plant showed 60.63%phenotypic variance at a LOD score of *** highest LO

关键词： Brassica juncea Salt stress tolerance SSR markers Linkage mapping QTL identification

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Gorkha earthquake (MW7.8) and aftershock sequence: A fractal approach

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Earthquake Science 2022年第3期35卷 193-204页

作者： ram Krishna Tiwari Harihar Paudyal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44618Nepal Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityBharatpurChitwan 44200Nepal

On April 25, 2015, Nepal was struck by the MW7.8 Gorkha earthquake followed by an intense aftershock sequence. It was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the Himalayan arc, causing more than 8900 fatalities. In this study, we analyzed the dataset (429 events, magnitude of completeness (Mc) ≥ 4.2 local magnitude) of the first 45 days after the Gorkha earthquake to estimate the seismicity parameters b-value, D-value, and p-value. We used the maximum likelihood method to estimate the b-value and Omori-Utsu parameters, whereas the correlation integral method was applied to estimate the fractal dimension (D-value). The analysis was carried out using running and sliding window techniques. The lowest b-value (0.57 ± 0.04) and the highest D-value (1.65 ± 0.02) were computed at the time of the Gorkha earthquake, after which the b-value significantly increased to a maximum of 1.57. It again dropped to 0.93 at the time of the major aftershock on May 12, 2015. The D-value showed an initial quick drop and then decreased in a wavy pattern until the end of the study period, indicating the clustering and scattering of earthquakes in a fault region. The b-value contour map identified the eastern part of the study area as a high stress region (b = ~0.8), implying that the stress shifted to that region. The D-value contour map reveals that the seismogenic structure shifted from linear to planar in the region. The rate of aftershock decay (p = 0.86 ± 0.04) for a short period reflects that the level of stress decreased rapidly. This study helps to understand the level of stress and seismicity pattern of a region, which could be useful for aftershock studies.

关键词： Omori-Utsu law correlation integral fractal dimension b-value central Himalaya

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Stochastic Models to Mitigate Sparse Sensor Attacks in Continuous-Time Non-Linear Cyber-Physical Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3189-3218页

作者： Borja Bordel Sánchez ramón Alcarria Tomás Robles Information Technologies Department Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain Geospatial Information Department Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid28031Spain

Cyber-Physical Systems are very vulnerable to sparse sensor *** current protection mechanisms employ linear and deterministic models which cannot detect attacks ***,in this paper,we propose a new non-linear generalized model to describe Cyber-Physical *** model includes unknown multivariable discrete and continuous-time functions and different multiplicative noises to represent the evolution of physical processes and randomeffects in the physical and ***,the digitalization stage in hardware devices is represented *** and most critical sparse sensor attacks are described through a stochastic *** reconstruction and protectionmechanisms are based on aweighted *** probability in data samples is estimated through different indicators commonly employed in non-linear dynamics(such as the Fourier transform,first-return maps,or the probability density function).A decision algorithm calculates the final reconstructed value considering the previous error *** experimental validation based on simulation tools and real deployments is also carried ***,the new technology performance and scalability are *** prove that the proposed solution protects Cyber-Physical Systems against up to 92%of attacks and perturbations,with a computational delay below 2.5 *** proposed model shows a linear complexity,as recursive or iterative structures are not employed,just algebraic and probabilistic *** conclusion,the new model and reconstructionmechanism can protect successfully Cyber-Physical Systems against sparse sensor attacks,even in dense or pervasive deployments and scenarios.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems sparse sensor attack non-linear models stochastic models security

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Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Hsp70 Protein Expression in HaCaT Cells

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第1期14卷 59-71页

作者： Sergio Hugo Sánchez Rodríguez Jesús Rodríguez Vergil Manuel Venancio Muñoz Juárez Kevin Said ramírez Dávila Luis Martín García Ortiz Germán Flores Cortés Luz Elena Vidales Rodríguez Jesús Adrián López David Alejandro García López Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Neurobiología Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas México Laboatorio de Bacterias y Hongos Filamentosos Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas México Laboratorio de MicroRNAs Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas México

Ultraviolet radiation by its wavelength is divided into: UVA, UVB and UVC. Only UVA and UVB manage to penetrate the ozone layer, but due to anthropological activities, all of them are capable of interacting with humans to a greater or lesser extent, and can generate adverse effects such as cellular stress when interacting with intra-and extracellular biomolecules. The skin is the first organ in contact with UV radiation, and the stress it generates can be analyzed by the expression of a bioindicator of cellular damage such as Hsp70. Therefore, the objective of the project was: to determine the effect of UVA, UVB and UVC radiation on HaCaT epithelial cells, by analyzing the expression of Hsp70. Materials and methods: HaCaT cells were cultured in vitro, which were irradiated with UVA, UVB and UVC light at different doses, to subsequently determine the degree of Hsp70 expression by Immunodetection by PAGE-SDS and Western Blot. Results: Basal expression of Hsp70 was observed in no irradiated HaCaT cells. When HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVA, UVB, UVC, an increase in this Hsp70 protein was observed. With UVA, a higher degree of expression was observed at a time of 30 minutes of irradiation. With UVB the highest expression shifted to a time of 20 minutes. With UVC, overexpression was observed after 10 minutes. Conclusion: UV radiation generates cellular stress on HaCaT cells, evaluated by the stress bioindicator Hsp70. According to the wavelength of UV radiation, those that have a shorter wavelength have a greater potential for cellular damage, such as UVC.

关键词： Ultraviolet A Light (UVA) Ultraviolet B Light (UVB) Ultraviolet C Light (UVC) Heat shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) HaCaT

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Effects of mechanical vibration on the physical,metallurgical and mechanical properties of cast A308(LM21)aluminum alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第6期29卷 1206-1215页

作者： Siddharth Yadav S.P.Tewari J.K.Singh S.C.ram Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi 221005India Department of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi 221005India

This study investigated the microstructure,physical,and mechanical properties of die-cast A308 alloy subjected to mechanical vibration during *** frequencies(0,20,30,40,and 50 Hz)at constant amplitude(31μm)were employed using a power amplifier as the power input device.X-ray diffraction,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the morphological changes in the cast samples under stationary and vibratory *** features of the castings were evaluated using Image J *** average values of metallurgical features,including primaryα-Al grain size,dendrite arm spacing,average area of eutectic silicon,aspect ratio,and percentage porosity,reduced by 34%,59%,56%,22%,and 62%,respectively,at 30 Hz frequency compared with stationary *** tests of the cast samples showed that the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),percentage elongation(%EL),and microhardness(HV)increased by 8%,13%,17%,and 16%,respectively,at 30 Hz frequency compared with stationary *** fractured surface of the tensile specimens exhibited mixed-mode fracture behavior because of brittle facets,cleavage facets,ductile tearing,and dimple *** presence of small dimples showed that plastic deformation occurred before fracture.

关键词： mechanical vibration microstructures microhardness tensile strength fractography

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Physical Characterization of Ionic Liquid-Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol and Sodium Thiocyanate Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Application

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Journal of shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2023年第2期28卷 161-171页

作者： AZEMTSOP Manfo Theodore MEHRA ram Mohan KUMAR Yogesh GUPTA Meenal Material Research Laboratory Department of PhysicsSBSRSharda UniversityGreater Noida 201310India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sharda UniversityGreater Noida 201310India Department of Physics Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110021India

Novel gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)composed of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and sodium thiocyanate were developed via a solution casting *** ionic liquid(IL),1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tricyanomethanide([EMIM][TCM]),was doped into a polymer–salt complex system(PVA+NaSCN)to further enhance the ***-doped polymer electrolyte(ILDPE)films were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),polarized optical microscopy(POM),Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and conductivity *** was performed to check the degree of crystallinity and amorphicity of the ILDPE films,and the amorphicity of GPEs increased with the increase of the IL *** was employed to evaluate the changes in the surface morphology due to the inclusion of salt and IL in the *** compositional nature of the GPE films was examined via FTIR *** electrical and electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance *** maximum conductivity for the GPE film was estimated to be 1.10×10^(-5) S/cm for 6%(mass fraction)of IL in the polymer–salt *** ionic transference number was approximately *** electrochemical double-layer capacitor(EDLC)was built from optimized GPE films and reduced graphene oxide-based *** specific capacitance calculated from the cyclic voltammograms of the EDLC cells was 3 F/g.

关键词： ionic conductivity ionic liquid(IL) mobility transference number cyclic voltammetry polymer electrolyte

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