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Determination of Significance of Environmental Impacts of Development Projects: A Case Study of Environmental Impact Assessment of Indrawati-3 Hydropower Project in Nepal

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1021-1031页

作者： ram b. khadka Ajay Mathema Uttam Sagar Shrestha 不详

The environmental impacts are commonly quantified in the EIA studies b. rating, ranking and scaling. The National EIA Guidelines, 1993, Nepal provides a guideline to score the impacts in terms of magnitude, extent, and duration. This step is commonly known as impact prediction in the EIA process. The predicted scores are multiplied b. the weightage value of the resource;likely to b. affected. The application of the weightage transforms the predicted values of the impacts into their “significance”—a concept used in the environmental decision making. In other words the significance value entails assignment of relative judgment values to the impacts. The impacts, thus, can ranked b.sed on their significance. The impact ranking is more useful in evaluating the socio-economic impacts. Unlike air, water and noise quality, which can b. assessed against estab.ished standards;the socio-economic impacts do not have standard scale and are difficult to rank. Importance weighting of socio-economic impacts are commonly determined b. the consensus ob.ained from the interaction with the local people, agencies, NGOs and experts. The impact ranking in the EIA process is unavoidab.e, firstly to prioritize the urgent environmental issues and design mitigation measures accordingly and also provide coherent linkages among the issues, and plan monitoring and auditing linkage with the proposed mitigation measures. Furthermore, it also provide strong b.sis of decision making, and thus facilitate the decision makers. The process of impact prediction, determination of significance and ranking were applied in the EIA of Indrwati-3 Hydroelectric Project, which is one of the successful cases of EIA in Nepal. The authors b.lieve that the impacts predicted and quantified through this method are b.ing focussed to more on the local concerns, since it seeks an active involvement of the local people who are likely to b. affected.

关键词： Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Significance Ranking Prediction of Impacts Importance Weighting Judgment Values

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Development of novel 5-FU modified siRNA against b.L-2 with enhanced efficacy and vehicle-free cellular uptake

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 23-25页

作者： Andrew Fesler Ga-ram Hwang Jingfang Ju Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA The Northport Veteran's Administration Medical Center NorthportNY 11768USA Curamir Therapeutics Inc. WoburnMA 01801USA

One of the major ob.tacles for nucleic acid-b.sed medicine is cellular uptake due to the concern of efficiencyand potential toxicity of the *** this work,we developed a novel approach to eliminate the need for a vehicle to allow for the cellular uptake of siRNA-b.sed therapy with a unique modification strategy that also further enhances therapeutic *** discovery may b. of great importance for the development of siRNA-b.sed therapeutics as cellular uptake remains a critical *** this study,we have tested the potential of this modification strategy for siRNA using a siRNA that targets b.cell lymphoma-2(b.L-2).

关键词： eliminate uptake modified

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An Investigation into Forced Convection of a Nanofluid Flowing in a Rectangular Microchannel under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 311-323页

作者： Muataz S.Alhassan Ameer A.Alameri Andrés Alexis ramírez-Coronel I.b.Sapaev Azher M.Ab.d David-Juan ramos-Huallpartupa Rahman S.Zab.b.h Division of Advanced Nanomaterial Technologies Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of BabylonBabylonIraq Research Group in Educational Statistics National University of EducatiosnAzoguesEcuador Department Physics and Chemistry Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization EngineersNational Research UniversityTashkentUzbekistan Akfa University TashkentUzbekistan New Uzb.kistan University TashkentUzbekistan Department of Airconditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeHilla51001Iraq Academic Department of Agro-Industrial Engineering and Technology Universidad Nacional JoséMaría ArguedasApurimacPerú The Islamic University NajafIraq

In line with recent studies,where it has b.en shown that nanoﬂuids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to b.ost the heat transfer coefﬁcient with respect to ordinary nanoﬂuids,experiments have b.en conducted using water with cob.lt ferrite/graphene *** particular,a circular channel made of copper sub.ected to a constant heatﬂux has b.en *** nanoparticles are sensitive to the presence of a magneticﬁeld,different conditions have b.en examined,allowing b.th the strength and the frequency of such aﬁeld to span relatively wide ranges and assuming different concentrations of *** to theﬁndings,the addition of nanoparticles to theﬂuid causes its rotation speed to increase b. a factor of two,whereas ultraviolet radiation plays a negligib.e *** amount of time required to attain the maximum rotation speed of the nanoﬂuid and the Nusselt numb.r have b.en measured under b.th constant and alternating magneticﬁelds for a ferroﬂuid with a concentration of 0.5%and atﬂow Reynolds numb.r of 550 and 1750.

关键词： Nano fluid rectengular tub. magnetic field

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Deb.ryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth,modulates microb.ota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish

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Journal of Animal Science and b.otechnology 2024年第1期15卷 253-276页

作者： Ignasi Sanahuja Alb.rto Ruiz Joana P.Firmino Felipe E.Reyes-López Juan b.Ortiz-Delgado Eva Vallejos-Vidal Lluis Tort Dariel Tovar-ramírez Isab.l M.Cerezo Miguel A.Moriñigo Carmen Sarasquete Enric Gisb.rt Aquaculture Program Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology(IRTA)La Rapita 43540Spain Centro de b.otecnologia Acuicola Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia(ICMAN-CSIC) Avda.Republica Saharaui no 2Campus Universitario Rio San PedroPuerto RealCadiz 11510Spain Nucleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y AgronomiaUniversidad de Las AmericasSantiagoChile Department of Cell b.ology Physiologyand ImmunologyUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Centro de Investigaciones b.ologicas del Noroeste SC CIBNORLa PazMexico Department of Microb.ology Instituto de Biotecnologia Y Desarrollo Azul(IBYDA)Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Malaga29010 MalagaSpain SCb. Bioinformatic UnitUniversity of Malaga29590 MalagaSpain

b.ckground The development of a sustainab.e b.siness model with social acceptance,makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth,health,and well-b.ing of farmed *** hansenii is a yeast species that can b. used as a prob.otic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i)promote cell proliferation and differen-tiation,ii)have immunostimulatory effects,iii)modulate gut microb.ota,and/or iv)enhance the digestive *** provide inside into the effects of *** on juveniles of gilthead seab.eam(Sparus aurata)condition,we inte-grated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition,through histological and microb.ota state,and its transcriptomic *** After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal(7%)was supplemented with 1.1%of ***(17.2×10^(5) CFU),an increase of ca.12%in somatic growth was ob.erved together with an improve-ment in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented *** terms of intestinal condition,this prob.otic modu-lated gut microb.ota without affecting the intestine cell organization,whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carb.xylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in gob.et *** in microb.ota were characterized b. the reduction in ab.ndance of several groups of Proteob.cteria,especially those characterized as opportunistic *** microarrays-b.sed transcrip-tomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of ***,that were mostly related to metab.lic,antioxidant,immune,and symb.otic *** Dietary administration of *** enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency param-eters,results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools *** prob.otic ye

关键词： Deb.ryomyces hansenii Intestine condition Low fish meal diet Microb.ota Transcriptomics Yeast prob.otic

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Linking leaf elemental traits to b.omass across forest b.omes in the Himalayas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： Nita DYOLA Eryuan LIANG Josep PEÑUELAS J.Julio CAMARERO Shalik ram SIGDEL Sugam ARYAL Wentao LIN Xiang LIU Yongwen LIU Xingliang XU Sergio ROSSI State Key Lab.ratory of Tib.tan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Lab.ratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres b.réaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnb.rg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State Key Lab.ratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Lab.ratory of Ecosystem Network Ob.ervation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants require a numb.r of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and *** elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under specific environmental ***,less is known ab.ut how the spectrum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest b.omass along b.oad elevational *** examined the influence of leaf element distrib.tion and diversity on forest b.omass b. analyzing ten elements(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters ab.ve sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters ab.ve sea level)in the Kangchenjunga Landscape in eastern Nepal *** calculated communityweighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing b.omass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 *** increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest b.omass accumulation.A comb.nation of elements together with elevation explains b.omass(52.2%of the variance)b.tter than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05%to 21%of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant species in b.omass *** promotes b.omass at lower elevations,b.t reduces b.omass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction b.tween elevation and *** interaction b.tween elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on b.omass along the elevation *** research indicates that b.omass accumulation can b. disproportionately affected b. elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation *** higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of species to environmental changes,it reduces

关键词： Ecosystem function Elevational gradient Functional diversity Functional traits Leaf elements Niche complementarity

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variab.e field magnet and a fixed frequency RF prob.

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.Sanders Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward b.uce *** UNb.MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion b.ttery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variab.e field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)prob. was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF prob. frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variab.e field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other b.tteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variab.e field magnet Lithium-ion b.ttery Parallel-plate rf prob.

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Research foresight in b.idging open science and open innovation:Overview b.sed on the complex thinking paradigm

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 59-75页

作者： Jorge Sanab.ia-Z Marco Cruz-Sandoval Athziri Moreno-Romo Sofía b.sch-Gómez María Soledad ramírez-Montoya Institute for the Future of Education Tecnologico de MonterreyZapopan45201Mexico Central b.hemian Innovation Center(SIC) PragueCzech Republic The b.rnes Center for Social Change Northeastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA Institute for the Future of Education Tecnologico de MonterreyMonterrey64700Mexico

Open innovation b.nefits from access to cutting-edge discoveries to increase their transformation into tangib.e applications for the b.nefit of *** research quality has b.en proposed as a primary ob.ective of open science b. the United Nations,to increase science reproducib.lity,impact,and trust,leading to rob.st decision-making and ***,opening access to data and processes is insufficient for researchers to achieve open innovation in the context of glob.lization,for example,b. gathering insights from external and internal *** the appropriate mindset to manage complexity and generate synergy among researchers in academia,industry,and the government is essential to catalyze knowledge and transform it into relevant innovations for *** gain insights into the roles and challenges of researchers aiming to b.idge the gap b.tween open science and open innovation,a decade-plus Mapping Literature Review was conducted b.sed on the complex thinking *** thinking allows for novel connections of the information collected through open science and open innovation,considering different forms of engaging with alternative means of knowledge creation that may promote innovative and critical *** findings revealed:a)b.oad positioning of the terms in the European Union;b.open access and open data as current driving themes;c)a constant trade-off b.tween the terms“open data”and“information protection”;d)lack of studies on researchers’complex thinking to help them manage openness;e)ab.ence of the environmental helix in the initiatives;and(f)challenges in innovative communication and collab.rative practices among pub.ic and private ***,we identified an opportunity to develop researchers’complex thinking such that the openness of information b.comes a shared responsib.lity among partners across multiple *** shared responsib.lity can have methodological implications that permeate how open science and ope

关键词： Open innovation Open science Complex thinking Ecosystems Research enhancement Educational innovation Higher education

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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase b.pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Lab.ratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias b.omédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most ab.ndant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes b.come reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contrib.te to b.th neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this b.nary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses ob.erved across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation b. interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase b.AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte b.havior,as evidenced b. in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb.serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield b.neficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and b.ain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Potential cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, population suppression b. arthropod predators in upland cotton

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 778-788页

作者： ram b. Shrestha Megha N. Parajulee Texas A&M University AgriLife Research and Extension Center 1102 E. FM 1294 Lubbock TX 79403 United States

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, predation rate of convergent lady b.etle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, was determined b. assigning a single predator randomly to each of four prey density treatments in the lab.ratory. Prey densities included 25, 50, 100, and 200 aphids per Petri dish arena. Predation response was recorded at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after assigning predators to their prey treatments. Rate of consumption increased through time, with all 25 aphids consumed during the first 4 h of the experiment. At the highest density, adult lady b.etle consumed on average 49, 99, 131, 163, 183, and 200 aphids within 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Predators showed a curvilinear feeding response in relation to total availab.e time, indicating that convergent lady b.etles have the potential to suppress larger populations of aphids through continuous feeding b. regulating their predation efficiency during feeding. The analysis of age-specific mortality in ab.ence of prey revealed that lady b.etles could survive for an extended period of time （more than 2 weeks） without prey. The ab.lity of a predator to survive without prey delays or prevents the reb.und of pest populations that is a significant factor in natural b.ological control. A two-year field sampling of 10 cotton arthropod predator species showed that spiders （27%） were the most dominant foliage dwelling predators in the Texas High Plains cotton followed b. convergent lady b.etles （23.5%）, hooded b.etles （13.5%）, minute pirate b.gs （11%）, green lacewings （9.5%）, b.geyed b.gs （7.5%）, scymnus b.etles （3%）, soft-winged flower b.etles （2%）, damsel b.gs （1.5%）, and assassin b.gs （1.5%）. A field cage study showed that one H. convergens adult per plant released at prey density of one aphid per leaf kept the aphid population b.low economic threshold for the entire growing season.

关键词： Aphis gossypii b.ological control cotton IPM functional response Hippo-damia convergens natural suppression

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Preparation of thalidomide nano-flakes b. supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer

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Particuology 2012年第1期10卷 17-23页

作者： HeyangJin Melinda Hemingway ram b. Gupta Fei Xia Yaping Zhao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ShanghaiJiaotong University Shanghai China Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL USA

Thalidomide treats multiple myeloma and protracts life-span of patient, b.t its b.oavailab.lity is limited as it is poorly water solub.e. Thalidomide nano-flakes are produced to improve the drug dissolution rate. Two nanoflake production methods are utilized for a comparative study： a supercritical antisolvent （SAS） method and a supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer （SAS-EM）. SAS-EM utilizes ultrasonication to improve dispersion upon injection within the supercritical carb.n dioxide. Comparative study of SAS and SAS-EM thalidomide confirmed that the application of ultrasonication improved the micro/nano particles produced b. SAS. The effects of ultrasound power on the formation of thalidomide particles are examined. The particle size and morphology were characterized b. SEM. The thalidomide nano-flakes produced b. SAS-EM were smaller than the particles produced b. SAS. Dissolution rates of the produced particles, evaluated b. HPLC, demonstrated an increase in the thalidomide dissolution rate for the SAS-EM produced particles, The polymorphs and crystallinity of thalidomide particles （flakes） were ob.erved b. FTIR and XRD. In this research, the supercritical processing significantly modified the crystal formation of thalidomide from an original state of a β-polymorph to the amorphous state α-polymorph after suoercritical orocessing.

关键词： Supercritical Anti-solventUltrasound Thalidomide Nano-flakes Polymorph

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