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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Vibration of an infinite inhomogeneous transversely isotropic viscoelastic medium with cylindrical hole

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2008年第3期29卷 367-378页

作者： D.p.acharya Indrajit Roy p.K.Biswas 109/3 Kailash Roy Chowdhury RoadBarrackporeKolkata 700120WBIndia Brahmapara SimuraliNadia 741248WBIndia Department of Mathematics Kanchrapara CollegeKanchraparaWBIndia

This paper investigates the influences of higher order viscoelasticity and the inhomogeneities of the transversely isotropic elastic parameters on the disturbances in an infinite medium, caused by the presence of a transient radial force or twist on the surface of a cylindrical hole with circular cross section. Following Voigt＇s model for higher order viscoelasticity, the nonvanishing stress components valid for a transversely isotropic and higher order viscoelastic solid medium have been deduced in terms of radial displacement component. Considering the power law variation of elastic and viscoelastic parameters, the stress equation of motion has been developed. Solving this equation under suitable boundary conditions, due to transient forces and twists, radial displacement and relevant stress components have been determined in terms of modified Bessel functions. The problem for the presence of transient radial force has been numerically analysed. Modulations of displacement and stresses due to different order of viscoelasticity and inhomogeneity have been graphically depicted. The numerical study of the disturbance caused by the presence of twist on the surface may be similarly done but is not pursued in this paper.

关键词： higher order viscoelasticity inhomogeneity and transversely isotropy transient force and twist radial displacement stress components modified Bessel functions

Effect of temperature dependent viscosity on revolving axi-symmetric ferrofluid flow with heat transfer

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第11期33卷 1441-1452页

作者： p. ram V. KUMAR Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra Haryana 136119 India

The prime objective of the present study is to examine the effect of tempera- ture dependent viscosity/z（T） on the revolving axi-symmetric laminar boundary layer flow of an incompressible, electrically non-conducting ferrofiuid in the presence of a stationary plate subjected to a magnetic field and maintained at a uniform temperature. To serve this purpose, the non-linear coupled partial differential equations are firstly converted into the ordinary differential equations using well-known similarity transformations. The popular finite difference method is employed to discretize the non-linear coupled differ- ential equations. These discretized equations are then solved using the Newton method in MATLAB, for which an initial guess is made with the help of the Flex pDE Solver. Along with the velocity profiles, the effects of temperature dependent viscosity are also examined on the skin friction, the heat transfer, and the boundary layer displacement thickness. The obtained results are presented numerically as well as graphically.

关键词： ferrofluid temperature dependent viscosity boundary layer axi-symmetry,magnetic field

Blockchain-based peer-to-peer Transactive Energy System for Community Microgrid with Demand Response Management

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2022年第1期8卷 198-211页

作者： Hanumantha Rao Bokkisam Shashank Singh Ritesh Mohan acharya M.p.Selvan National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620015India Department National Institute of Technology TiruchirappalliTamilnadu 620015India

Interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid *** paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactive energy market(TEM)through an ***,it also enables peer-to-peer(p2p)energy trading among the residential buildings in community microgrid for possible monetary *** this framework,there are three agents,namely,auctioneer,participants,and *** auctioneer is a managing agent modeled using auction theory to determine day-ahead internal market-clearing price and *** participants are autonomous and rational decision-makers;they aim to minimize their electricity bills through the demand response(DR)*** types of architectures,one with the third-party agent demonstrated using the MATLAB environment and the other with the virtual agent(without third-party)implemented using the blockchain environment are *** simulation results reflect significant monetary benefits to each market participant,improved community selfsufficiency,self-consumption,and reduced reliance on the utility grid.

关键词： Blockchain demand response optimization p2p energy trading smart contracts and transactive energy

Impact of climate change on agricultural production: A case of Rasuwa District, Nepal

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 122-132页

作者： Binod DAWADI Anjula SHRESTHA ram Hari acharya Yam prasad DHITAL Rohini DEVKOTA Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur Kathmandu44613Nepal Kathmandu Centre for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur Kathmandu44613Nepal Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur Kathmandu44613Nepal Department of Meteorology Tri-Chandra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityGhantaghar Kathmandu44600Nepal College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi832000China Southern Downs Regional Council Queensland4350Australia University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland4350Australia

Climate change is expected to threaten the developing countries the most. Nepal is considered one of the five countries most vulnerable to climate change in the world. The mountainous area such as Rasuwa District in Nepal is more vulnerable due to complex topography, human activity(tourism), and climate change. In this context, we carried out this study to assess the climate change and its impact on agriculture production as well as people’s perceptions on the impact of climate change. The long-term(1980–2014) observed climate data(temperature and precipitation) and field-based survey data on people’s perceptions were analyzed. Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimation were used to analyze the temperature and precipitation trends. Furthermore, key informant interviews(KIIs) and focal group discussions(FGDs) were conducted to understand people’s perceptions of the impact of climate change on agricultural production. Further, ERA5 and Asian precipitation-Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources(ApHRODITE) datasets were used to compare the in situ climate data. The maximum temperature and total precipitation in summer monsoon(June–September) were found increasing significantly at rates of 0.07℃/a and 19.89 mm/a, respectively. But the minimum winter temperature and winter precipitation were found decrease by 0.05℃/a and 4.89 mm/a, respectively. Moreover, a large number of respondents reported a decrease in millet and wheat productions while an increase in potato production over the considered time duration(1990–2014). It is noteworthy that the respondents from the mid-elevation regions perceived an increasing trend in crop production compared to those from the low elevation regions. In recent years, people living in the high elevation regions of Rasuwa District have started to shift their cropping calendar to increase agricultural production. This study will provide useful information for policymakers in formulating a

关键词： Mountainous areas Climate change Temperature precipitation Agriculture production Nepal

Immune response differences in degradable and non-degradable alloy implants

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第6期24卷 153-170页

作者： Taravat Khodaei Elizabeth Schmitzer Abhirami p.Suresh Abhinav p.acharya Biomedical Engineering School of Biological and Health System EngineeringArizona StateUniversityTempeAZ85281USA Biological Design Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85281USA Chemical Engineering School for the Engineering of MatterTransportand EnergyArizona StateUniversityTempeAZ85281USA Materials Science and Engineering School for the Engineering of MatterTransportand EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85281USA Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and VirotherapyArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85281USA

Alloy based implants have made a great impact in the clinic and in preclinical *** responses are one of the major causes of failure of these implants in the *** the immune responses toward non-degradable alloy implants are well documented,there is a poor understanding of the immune responses against degradable alloy ***,there have been several reports suggesting that degradable implants may develop substantial immune *** phenomenon needs to be further studied in detail to make the case for the degradable implants to be utilized in ***,we review these new recent reports suggesting the role of innate and potentially adaptive immune cells in inducing immune responses against degradable ***,we discussed immune responses to allergen components of non-degradable implants to give a better overview on differences in the immune response between non-degradable and degradable ***,we also provide potential areas of research that can be undertaken that may shed light on the local and global immune responses that are generated in response to degradable implants.

关键词： alloy utilized implants

Dynamic behavior of sandwich beams with different compositions of magnetorheological fluid core

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2021年第1期12卷 88-106页

作者： Subash acharya Vipin J Allien puneet N p Hemantha Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering NITK SurathkalMangaloreKarnatakaIndia

Magnetorheological fluid(MRF)sandwich beams belong to a class of adaptive beams that consists of MRF sandwiched between two or more face layers and have a great prospective for use in semi-active control of beam vibrations due to their superior vibration suppression *** composition of MRF has a strong influence on the MRF properties and hence affects the vibration characteristics of the *** this work,six MRF samples(MRFs)composed of combination of two particle sizes and three weight fractions of carbonyl iron pow-der(CIp)were prepared and their viscoelastic properties were *** MRFs were used to fabricate different MRF core sandwich ***,a sandwich beam with commer-cially available MRF 132DG fluid as core was *** modal parameters of the cantilever MRF sandwich beams were determined at different magnetic ***,sinusoidal sweep excitation tests were performed on these beams at different magnetic fields to investigate their vibration suppres-sion *** having larger particle size and higher weight fraction of CIp resulted in higher damping ratio and vibration ***,optimal particle size and weight fraction of CIp were determined based on the maximization of damping ratio and minimization of weight of MRF.

关键词： Smart materials adaptive sandwich beam damping ratio vibration suppression complex shear modulus

Stream turbidity responses to storm events in a pristine rainforest watershed on the Coral Coast of southern Fiji

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2016年第4期31卷 279-290页

作者： Arishma R.ram James p.Terry School of Environment The University of Auckland College of Sustainabiliry Sciences Zayed University

On the Coral Coast of Viti Levu Island in Fiji,inadequate knowledge of suspended sediment delivery patterns in small pristine coastal watersheds hinders any future assessment of accelerated erosion in disturbed areas *** study adopts a rainfall-stream turbidity monitoring approach in the Votua Creek,which drains a small,steep but minimally-disturbed coastal rainforest *** rainfall characteristics,stream depth and water turbidity were continuously monitored over one complete Fiji wet season from October 2009 to April *** aim was to evaluate whether these parameters provide sufficient information to illustrate basic features of storm-sediment transport responses,in the case of limited stream gauging and very simple sediment rating *** is important because pacific Island nations like Fiji do not have the resources to initiate long-term gauging and sediment sampling programmes across numerous small catchments.A significant power function demonstrates that turbidity(T) is a suitable proxy for total suspended solids(ISS) for turbidity measurements above 5 NTU,with TSS=0.930T1.111(r= 0.98,pperiod,10 individual storms 11.2-120.1 mm in size produced a ’significant turbidity response’(STR)in the Votua *** parameters(totals and intensities) showed positive linear relationships(r=0.72-0.94) with stream turbidity parameters(mean,maximum,duration),whilst relationships of similar strength(r=0.76-0.98) were also derived between stream flow depth and *** implies that for small rainforest watersheds in Fiji,rainfall parameters offer no substantial disadvantage over flow as predictors of stream sediment responses to major ***-based analysis revealed that negative(anticlockwise) hysteresis is a typical flow-turbidity pattern for STR *** hysteresis is produced when secondary episodes of renewed(heavy) rainfall occur after maximum intensity,in the later phase of storm *** Cyclo

关键词： Coastal watersheds Fiji Storm events Stream turbidity Suspended sediment Negative hysteresis

Effect of Zn Concentration on Microstructural,Optical,and Hyperfine properties of Nanocrystalline a-Fe_(2)O_(3)

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第4期27卷 563-568页

作者： N.R.panda D.Sahu B.S.acharya p.Nayak S.p.pati D.Das School of Basic Science Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar 751013OdishaIndia School of physics Sambalpur UniversitySambalpur 768019OdishaIndia School of Chemistry Sambalpur UniversitySambalpur 768019OdishaIndia C.V.raman College of Engineering Bhubaneswar 752054OdishaIndia Department of Electronic Engineering Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan UGC-DAE CSR Sector IIILB-8Bidhan NagarKolkata 700098India

Efforts have been made to prepare nanocomposites of a-Fe2O3-ZnO by wet chemical route with varying concentrations of the *** microstructural properties of the samples are investigated by powder X-ray diffractometry（pXRD） and Transmission electron *** concentration of Zn ions（up to 20 at%） leads to the formation of nanocomposites of a-Fe2O3 and *** of ZnFe2O4 phase is detected by the substitution of higher concentration of Zn2？（30 at%） in the *** average size of the nanoparticles remains in the range of 22–27 nm as obtained from XRD *** results obtained from electron microscopic studies are also close to these *** measurement shows the excitonic peak of ZnO around 390 nm which gets strengthened with Zn *** spectra show the metal–oxygen band below 700 *** temperature Mssbauer studies of the samples show the transition of iron oxide form antiferromagnetic state to paramagnetic state with increasing concentration of Zn2？.Sharp quenching of hyperfine field with Zn concentration is observed as the Hintvalue reduced to zero from 51 T.

关键词： Iron oxide ZnO Electron microscopy Mssbauer study