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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients:A systematic review of clinical trials

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 156-164页

作者： Carlos M Ardila Pradeep K Yadalam Jaime ramírez-Arbelaez Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Biomedical Stomatology Research GroupUniversidad de Antioquia U de AMedellín 0057Colombia Department of Postdoctoral Program CIFE University CenterCuernavaca 62330MorelosMexico Department of Periodontics Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and HealthSIMATSSaveetha UniversityChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia Department of Transplantation Hospital San Vicente FundaciónRionegro 054047Colombia

BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ *** To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant *** A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and *** review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial *** search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language *** After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were *** most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also *** antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and *** concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two *** All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microor

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobials Antivirals Solid organ transplant recipients Infections Microorganisms Cytomegalovirus

SEM Investigation of the Microstructure of Oxygen-Deficient Ca2FeGaO6-δ

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 1-6页

作者： Ariella Fogel Mandy Guinn ram krishna Hona Environmental Science Department United Tribes Technical College Bismarck USA

This study presents a detailed investigation of the microstructure of the oxygen-deficient perovskite material Ca2FeGaO6-δ using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The material exhibits significant porosity and irregular grain morphology, with variations in grain size and growth. Unlike conventional perovskite structures, Ca2FeGaO6-δ shows non-uniform grain development, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies (δ). SEM analysis reveals that the irregularities in grain size and shape, coupled with the porous nature of the material, are likely to influence its functional properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural features of Ca2FeGaO6-δ, offering a foundation for understanding its potential applications in catalysis, sensors, and other technologies. The study highlights the critical role of microstructural characteristics in determining the material’s performance.

关键词： XRD Solid-State Reaction Perovskite Oxides Oxygen Deficiency SEM

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Mn^(2+)-Doped Cadmium Formate Dihydrate Single Crystals

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 208-211页

作者： Indrajeet mishra ram Kripal Sanjay Misra EPR Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of AllahabadAllahabad21100 India 2Department of Physics Buddha P.G.CollegeKushinagar(U.P.)India

An electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)study on Mn^(2+)doped Cadmium formate dihydrate single crystals is carried *** EPR spectrum at room temperature exhibits only one out of five fine structural transitions which split into six hyperfine lines in all *** spectrum is simulated using the EasySpin program and evaluated spin Hamiltonian *** simulated EPR spectrum is in good agreement with the *** comparing direction cosines of spectroscopic splitting factor g and the direction cosines of different bonds determined by the crystal structure data it is found that Mn^(2+)enters the lattice substitutionally and only one Mn^(2+)site is *** obtained g and the hyperfine interaction constant A achieved are g=2.006±0.002,A=(98±2)×10^(-4)cm^(-1)and the second-order axial zero-field splitting parameter D=(60±2)×10^(-4)cm^(-1).

关键词： hydrate splitting spectrum

A numerical simulation for the control of radiative heat energy and thermophoretic effects on MHD micropolar fluid with heat source

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第1期7卷 92-98页

作者： ram Prakash Sharma S.R.mishra Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyArunachal PradeshYupia 791112Papum Pare DistrictArunachal Pradesh Department of Mathematics Siksha‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswar 751030OdishaIndia

The current paper explores the behavior of the thermal radiation on the time-independent flow of mi-cropolar fluid past a vertical stretching surface with the interaction of a transverse magnetic *** ef-fect of thermo-diffusion(Soret)along with the heat source is incorporated to enhance the thermal ***,the convective solutal condition is considered that affects the mass transfer *** transformed equations are modeled using suitable similarity ***,the complex cou-pled equations are handled mathematically employing the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg *** behavior of characterizing parameters on the flow phenomena as well as the engineering coefficients are displayed via graphs and the validation of the current outcome is reported with the previously published results in particular cases.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamic Thermal radiation Heat source Thermo-diffusion Chemical reaction Runge-Kutta-Felhberg method

Solution of Schrdinger Equation for Two-Dimensional Complex Quartic Potentials

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第3期51卷 397-406页

作者： ram Mehar Singh Fakir Chand S.C.mishra Department of Physics Ch. Devi Lal University Department of Physics Kurukshetra University

We investigate the quasi-exact solutions of the Schrodinger wave equation for two-dimensional non-hermitian complex Hamiltonian systems within the frame work of an extended complex phase space characterized by x = x1 ＋ ip3, y = x2 ＋ ip4, px= p1＋ ix3, py= p2 ＋ ix4. Explicit expressions of the energy eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions for ground and first excited states for a complex quartic potential are obtained. Eigenvalue spectra of some variants of the complex quartic potential, including PT-symmetrie one, are also worked out.

关键词： Schrodinger equation complex Hamiltonian eigenvalues eigenfunctions PT-symmetry

Surface functionalization of BiFeO3： A pathway for the enhancement of dielectric and electrical properties of poly（methyl methacrylate）-BiFe03 composite films

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2017年第1期11卷 82-91页

作者： Mukesh Kumar mishra Srikanta MOHARANA Banarji BEHERA ram Naresh MAHALING Laboratory of Polymeric and Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry Sambalpur University Odisha India Materials Research Laboratory School of Physics Sambalpur University Odisha India

A novel two-phase composite film is prepared by the solvent casting method employing poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） as polymer matrix and bismuth ferrite （BFO） as ceramic filler. The surfaces of BFO are functionalized by proper hydroxylating agents to activate their chemical nature. The structural analysis of the composite films confirms that the composites made up of functionalized BFO （BFO-OH） have a distorted rhombohedral structure. The morphological analysis shows that BFO- OH particles are equally distributed over the polymer matrix. The -OH functionality of BFO-OH is confirmed by FTIR. The dielectric and electrical studies at a frequency range from 100 Hz to I MHz reveal that PMMA-（BFO-OH） composites have enhanced dielectric constant as well as electrical conductivities, much higher than that of unmodified composites. According to the ferroelectric measurement result, the hydroxylated composite film shows a superior ferroelectric behavior than that of the unmodified one, with a remanent polarization （2Pr） of 2.764μC/cm2,

关键词： functionalized bismuth ferrite composites AC electrical conductivity dielectric properties

Dynamic Violation of Bell’s Inequalities in the Angular Momentum Representation

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Journal of Modern Physics 2025年第1期16卷 228-247页

作者： Julio Alberto López-Saldívar Octavio Castaños Sergio Cordero ramón López-Peña Eduardo Nahmad-Achar Russian Quantum Center Moscow Russia Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow Russia Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Mexico City Mexico

A parametrization of density matrices of ddimensions in terms of the raising J+and lowering J−angular momentum operators is established together with an implicit connection with the generalized Bloch-GellMann parameters. A general expression for the density matrix of the composite system of angular momenta j1and j2is obtained. In this matrix representation violations of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequalities are established for the X-states of a qubit-qubit, pure and mixed, composite system, as well as for a qubit-qutrit density matrix. In both cases maximal violation of the Bell inequalities can be reached, i.e., the Cirel’son limit. A correlation between the entanglement measure and a strong violation of the Bell factor is also given. For the qubit-qutrit composite system a time-dependent convex combination of the density matrix of the eigenstates of a two-particle Hamiltonian system is used to determine periodic maximal violations of the Bell’s inequality.

关键词： Density Matrix Angular Momentum Bell Inequality Entanglement

Depillaring of total thickness of a thick coal seam in single lift using cable bolts：A case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第2期26卷 223-233页

作者： Kumar Rakesh mishra Arvind Kumar Singh Arun Kumar Singh Amit Kumar ram Sahendr Singh Rajendr Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (under CSIR) Dhanbad 826015 India Indian School of Mines Dhanbad 826004 India

Explaining fundamentals of application of cable bolting for a thick seam depillaring,this paper summarizes the results of field studies conducted during adoption of this approach in more than fifteen panels of Madhusudanpur 7 pit and incline *** 7.0 m thick Kajora top coal seam of this mine is developed on pillars along the floor horizon to an average height of 3.0 m,leaving a coal band of around 4.0 m along the *** of procured core samples showed that roof strata are easily caveable with a caveability index value of around 2000 *** caveable overlying strata and shallow depth of cover alleviated most of the expected strata mechanics problems of the thick seam ***,extraction of total thickness at shallow cover caused differential-subsidence and cracks on the *** manifestations were immediately tackled to avoid creation of a breathing path for spontaneous heating in the extracted area.

关键词： Cable bolting Thick seam depillaring Extraction height Pillar stability Caveability index