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Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid nodules and Its Future Implications for the Management of Thyroid Cancer

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & neck Surgery 2021年第5期10卷 398-418页

作者： Rodrigo Arrangoiz Jeronimo garcialopez de Llano Maria Fernanda Mijares Gonzalo Fernandez-Christlieb Vanitha Vasudevan Amit Sastry Adrian Legaspi Jennifer Fernandez Frank de la cruz fernando Cordera Daniel Margain Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology Steward Health Hialeah FL USA American British Cowdray Medical Center Mexico City Mexico

Molecular testing in thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer is rapidly evolving;care must be used when incorporating molecular testing for thyroid nodules into clinical practice. A clear appreciation of the goals and restraints of molecular testing must be integrated into how physicians use and explain molecular testing to patients. Molecular tests can help rule in cancer for indeterminate thyroid nodules with very specific mutations for thyroid cancer, such as BRAF and RET/PTC, and can help reduce the rates of completion thyroidectomies in this era of de-escalation of the management of thyroid disease. The positive predictive value (PPV) of malignant cytology (Bethesda VI) is 98%;and even though molecular testing improves specificity and PPV, it falls short of this ideal for other mutations. We present a detailed evaluation of the current state of molecular testing and their clinical relevance in the setting of diagnostic utility and their impact on surgical decision-making. By recapitulating the clinical impact of these tests and some of the related drawbacks, we hope to provide adequate up to date information of the appropriate utilization of these tools in the management of indeterminate or suspicious thyroid nodules and highlight future directions on their utilization for the management of thyroid cancer.

关键词： Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Thyroid nodule Thyroid Cancer Treatment Molecular Studies for Thyroid Cancer Affirma Thyroseq

Current Understanding of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & neck Surgery 2021年第3期10卷 184-221页

作者： Rodrigo Arrangoiz Jeronimo garcialopez de Llano Maria Fernanda Mijares Gonzalo Fernandez-Christlieb Vanitha Vasudevan Amit Sastry Adrian Legaspi Jennifer Fernandez Frank de la cruz fernando Cordera Daniel Margain Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology Florida USA American British Cowdray Medical Center Mexico City Mexico Sociedad Quirurgica S.C. at the American British Cowdray Medical Center Mexico City

The term thyroid neoplasm incorporates tumors that originate from follicular cells and those that arise from parafollicular cells (C cells). Differentiated thyroid cancer, which originates from follicular cells, includes papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), oncocytic cell carcinoma (Hürthle), poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). PTC tends to have an indolent clinical course with low morbidity and mortality. However, this entity has a broad range of biological and clinical behavior that can result in disease recurrence and death, depending on patient and tumor characteristics and the initial treatment approach. PTC is the most common form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) and based on the most recent statistics, accounts for approximately 89.4% of all thyroid malignancies. PTC appears as an irregular solid or cystic nodule in normal thyroid parenchyma. PTC has the propensity for lymphatic invasion, but it is less likely to have hematogenous spread. Around 11% of patients with PTC present with distant metastases outside the neck and mediastinum. This manuscript with review the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathology, molecular characteristics, prognostic factors, and dynamic risk stratification of PTC centered on an evidence-based and personalized approach.

关键词： Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Cancer Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Thyroid nodule Thyroid Cancer Treatment Molecular Studies for Thyroid Cancer

lance design for Argon Bubbling in Molten Steel

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2020年第3期8卷 317-328页

作者： Servando de la cruz Miguel A. Barron Dulce Y. Medina Joan Reyes departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Mexico City Mexico

Three lance designs for argon bubbling in molten steel are presented. Bottom bubbling is considered too. Geometries considered are straight-shaped, T-shaped, and disk-shaped. The bubbling behavior of these lances is a... 详细信息

Three lance designs for argon bubbling in molten steel are presented. Bottomn> bubbling is considered too. Geometries considered are straight-shaped, T-shaped, and disk-shaped. The bubbling behavior of these lances is analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics, so transient three dimensional, isothermal, two-phase, numerical simulations were carried out. Using the numerical results, the bubble distribution and the open eye area are analyzed for the considered lance geometries. The plume volume is calculated from the open eye area and the lance immersion depth using geometrical considerations. Among the three lance designs considered, disk-shaped lance has the bigger plume volume and the smaller mixing time. As the injection lance is deeper immersed, the power stirring is increased and the mixing time is den style="font-family:Verdana;">creased.

关键词： Bottom Injection Bubble Plume Computational Fluid Dynamics lance design Molten Steel Open Eye

Protective effect of some vitamins against the toxic action of ethanol on liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 899-907页

作者： Carlett ramírez-Farías Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán José Gutiérrez-Salinas nidia Rodríguez-Sánchez Maricela Martínez-cruz Ilse Valle-Jones Ingrid Gramlich-Martínez Alejandra Hernández-Ceruelos José A Morales-González Unidad de Genética de la nutrición Instituto Nacional de Pediatría México Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo México laboratorio de Bioquímica y Medicina Experimental Unidad de Investigación Biomédica División de Investigación Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE México Gatorade Sports Science Institute Mexico City México Escuela de Dietética y nutrición ISSSTE México University of Ryerson Toronto

AIM: To investigate the effects of vitamins (A, C and E) on liver injury induced by ethanol administration during liver regeneration in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy were divided into five groups (groups 1-5). During the experiment, animals of Group 1 drank only water. The other four groups (2-5) drank 30 mL of ethanol/L of water. Group 3 additionally received vitamin A, those of group 4 vitamin C and those of group 5 received vitamin E. Subsequently serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin and bilirubin were measured colorimetrically. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances, TBARS) both in plasma and liver was measured, as well as liver mass gain assessment and total DnA. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, serum AST and ALT increased significantly under ethanol treatment (43% and 93%, respectively, with P n C and vitamin E treatment attenuated the ethanol-induced increases in ALT and AST activity. Ethanol treatment also decreased serum albumin concentration compared to sham group (3.1 ± 0.4 g/dL vs 4.5 ± 0.2 g/dL; P ng liver regeneration vitamins C and E significantly ameliorated liver injury for ethanol administration in hepatic lipid peroxidation (4.92 nmol/mg and 4.25 nmol/mg vs 14.78 nmol/mg, respectively, with P n association with hepatic injury, ethanol administration caused a significant increase in both hepatic and plasma lipid peroxidation. Vitamins (C and E) treatment attenuated hepatic and plasma lipid peroxidation. COnCLUSIOn: Vitamins C and E protect against liver injury and dysfunction, attenuate lipid peroxidation, and thus appear to be significantly more effective than vitamin A against ethanol-mediated toxic effects during liver regeneration.

关键词：过氧化反应抗氧化剂维生素肝损伤肝移植

A Solution for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2023年第2期12卷 77-80页

作者： Roberto Iñaki Ponce de la cruz Gerardo Ortigoza Guillermo Hermida Pedro Javier garcía José Hernández Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad VeracruzanaAv.S.S.Juan Pablo II S/NZona UniversidadFracc.Costa Verde 91294Boca del RíoVeracruzMéxico Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz MiguelÁngel deQuevedo 2779C.P.91860VeracruzVeracruzMéxico

This article describes MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)management with APG(Arc Plasma Gasification)***,a brief description of the process and reactor configurations is presented,listing some advantages and ***,alternatives for producing electrical energy with the residue of synthesis gas are ***,this technology is proposed as an alternative to face the significant problem of eliminating MSW on a large scale.

关键词： Municipal solid water APG synthesis gas.

Effect of the thin cell layer technique in the induction of somatic embryos in Pinus patula Schl. et Cham

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1535-1539页

作者： Marco A.ramirez-Mosqueda Lourdes G.Iglesias-Andreu Arturo A.Armas-Silva Esmeralda J.cruz-Gutierrez Jose F.de la Torre-Sanchez Otto R.Leyva-Ovalle Carlos M.Galan-Paez Instituto de Biotecnologfa y Ecologfa Aplicada(InBIOTECA) Universidad Veracruzana.Av.de las Culturas Veracruzanas No.101Campus para la Culturalas Artes y el DeporteCol.Emiliano ZapataC.P.91090 XalapaVeracruzMexico Centro nacional de Recursos Geneticos-InIFAP Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No.400 Rancho las CrucesC.P.47600 Tepatitlan de MorelosJaliscoMexico Facultad de Ciencias Bioldgicas y Agropecuarias Region Cordoba-Orizaba Universidad VeracruzanaC.P.94945 Amatlan de los ReyesVeracruzMexico

Pinus patula is a species commonly used for reforestation in ***,efficient methods for the mass production seedlings are *** particularly by somatic embryogenesis provides an option for the rapid multiplication of high-quality,genetically improved *** study induces somatic embryogenesis in this species using the thin cell layer(TCL)*** sources of explants(complete immature embryos;lTCL segments from immature embryos)were *** efficiency of TCL from longitudinal sections[lTCL]and transverse[tTCL]was *** results show using thin cell layers from immature embryos cultivated in 16 light/8 dark hours achieves induction of somatic embryos.A higher percentage of embryogenic callus was obtained when tTCL segments were used as an explant *** results produced somatic embryos from tTCL segments of an immature embryo without germinating the seed,making the process more time *** addition,this technique can be used to generate somatic embryogenesis in forest species that have low germination rates.

关键词： Pinus patula Somatic embryos Micropropagation Thin cell layer Maturation

The Effects of Sample Matrices on Immunoassays to detect Microcystin-LR in Water

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第10期3卷 1275-1285页

作者： Armah A. de la cruz Trevor J. Lynch Dionysios D. Dionysiou Office of Research and development The US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA School of Energy Environmental Biological and Medical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

Immunoassays are widely used biochemical techniques to detect microcystins in environmental samples. The use of immunoassays for the detection of microcystins is vulnerable to matrix components and other interferents. This study is an evaluation of the effects of interfering substances commonly found in drinking and ambient water samples using commercially-available immunoassay kits for microcystin toxins. The microplate and strip test immunoassay formats were tested in the study. For the microplate ELISA, the following were found to inhibit microcystin-LR (MC-LR) detection: 250 μg/mL Ca2+ or Mg2+, 0.01% ascorbic acid, 0.1% EDTA chelating agent, 0.05 M glycine-HCl, pH 3. The following exhibited no effect: sodium chloride (naCl, 1% to 4%) and sodium thiosulfate (0.001% and 0.01%), 0.01 to 0.1 M phosphate buffers (PB), pH 7 and 0.067 M PB at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8. Overall, up to 50 μg/mL of standard and reference natural organic matter (nOM) from various sources did not interfere in the assay system (without MC-LR) but diminished the detection of MC-LR at varying degrees. This is the first study evaluating standard and reference humic and fulvic acids from various sources in immunoassays for microcystins. The strip test also showed variable effects on MC-LR detection in the presence of nOM. This assay format was also sensitive to varying pHs and ionic strengths. MC-LR binding was inhibited at low pH (0.05 M glycine-HCl, pH 3), whereas, 0.067 M PB with pH 6, 7 and 8 can yield false positive results. Lower ionic strength of 0.01 M PB, pH 7 showed no interference in MC-LR binding whereas higher ionic strengths can interfere with MC-LR detection. naCl at 3% and 4% can interfere with the analysis giving false positive results. Mg2+ at 50 and 250 μg/mL showed no effect on the analysis while the same concentration of Ca2+ can yield false positive results. The performance in marine, brackish and hard waters should be tested given the potential sensitivity to salinity. Results of t

关键词： Microcystin Immunoassay Sample Matrix natural Organic Matter

de la cruz-Badiano Codex: a medical text from XVIth Century new Spain

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2023年第2期5卷 30-31页

作者： fernando Lolas Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics and the Central University of Chile Providencia 7510353SantiagoChile

Introduction In 1990 Pope John Paul II returned to Mexico a text that may be the first one composed on medical matters in new Spain[1].According to reputable scholars,this codex was composed under the inspiration of Don Francisco de Mendoza,son of the then Viceroy Antonio de *** Jacobo de Grado,of the order of San Francisco,commissioned its writing to the"principal Indian"Martín de la cruz,who composed it in nahuatl and Spanish.

关键词： text Indian Spain

Morphological and genetic differentiation in isolated populations of Mexican beech Fagus grandifolia ***

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2169-2179页

作者： Dulce María Galván-Hernández Pablo Octavio-Aguilar Luis lazcano-cruz Arturo Sánchez-González Population Ecology laboratory of the Biological Research Center Autonomous University of HidalgoKm 4.5 Pachuca-Tulancingo HighwayCP 42184 Mineral de La ReformaHidalgoMexico Genetic laboratory of the Biological Research Center Autonomous University of HidalgoKm 4.5 Pachuca-Tulancingo HighwayCP 42184 Mineral de La ReformaHidalgoMexico

Mexican beech[Fagus grandifolia ***(Martinez)***]is a subspecies endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains and considered endangered due to the low density of its populations and high degree of habitat fragmentation and environmental *** its morphological and genetic variation is associated with its ability to adapt to changes in environmental conditions,the objective of this study was to determine whether phenotypic and genotypic variation exist,and it relationships with population reduction *** four beech populations in the states of Hidalgo and Veracruz,we analyzed 11 morphological variables for leaves and 6 micros atellite *** morphological variables that to discriminate between populations were related to the size of the leaf,but a robust differentiation pattern was not found,given that independent groups of leaves were *** populations located closest to each other,had greater genetic variation and less genetic distance;populations in the extreme north and south had the lowest genetic *** differentiation among populations was associated with reduction in population *** the 3 localities in Hidalgo,recent bottlenecks were identified,and in Veracruz,an old bottleneck was *** in leaf morphology and genetic structure of Mexican beech populations could be the result of a combination of various geographical,climate and ecological factors.

关键词： Adaptation Bottleneck Genetic structure Leaf morphology Mexico Sierra madre oriental