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Artificial versus Natural Reuse of CO2 for DME Production：Are We Any Closer？

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Engineering 2017年第2期3卷 166-170页

作者： Mariano martin Department of Chemical Engineering University of Salamanca Salamanca 37008 Spain

This work uses a mathematical optimization approach to analyze and compare facilities that either capturecarbon dioxide （CO2） artificially or use naturally captured COs in the form of lignocellulosic biomass towardthe production of the same product, dimethyl ether （DME）. In nature, plants capture COs via photosynthesisin order to grow. The design of the first process discussed here is based on a superstructure optimizationapproach in order to select technologies that transform lignocellulosic biomass into DME. Biomass is gas-ified; next, the raw syngas must be purified using reforming, scrubbing, and carbon capture technologiesbefore it can be used to directly produce DME. Alternatively, CO2 can be captured and used to produce DMEvia hydrogenation. Hydrogen （H2） is produced by splitting water using solar energy. Facilities based on bothphotovoltaic （PV） solar or concentrated solar power （CSP） technologies have been designed; their monthlyoperation, which is based on solar availability, is determined using a multi-period approach. The currentlevel of technological development gives biomass an advantage as a carbon capture technology, since bothwater consumption and economic parameters are in its favor. However, due to the area required for growingbiomass and the total amount of water consumed （if plant growing is also accounted for）, the decision to use biomass is not a straightforward one.

关键词： Solar energy Photovoltaic Concentrated solar power Biomass Water electrolysis Dimethyl ether

Stable analysis on speed-adaptive observer in regenerating mode

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 213-222页

作者： OUYANGYi MAERZ martin Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology ofFraunhofer Erlangen 91058 Germany

Speed-adaptive full-order flux observer is the most promising flux estimator among all the sensorless control ***,conventional speed-adaptive flux observer becomes unstable during regenerating operation at low speed since induction motor is an observable system except dc ***,the instability problem is caused by inappropriate designing of *** on the eigenvalues of extended observer,this paper interprets unstable situation,that the eigenvalues of extended ob-server have a positive real ***,the observer cannot *** the two different solutions for unstable prob-lem-positive real maintaining and current error augment,the proposed method based on the eigenvalue could unify these two solutions,which gives the complete stability condition for speed-adaptive full-order *** does a lot help in observer *** observer configured by this proposed method was verified in the torque controlling of 20 kW induction *** to the experiment result,with appropriate designing of observer,the unstable situation during regeneration mode could be completely overcome.

关键词： sensorless control field orientation induction motor drives instability regenerating mode

Adaptive optical microscopy: the ongoing quest for a perfect image

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 243-249页

作者： martin J Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxford OX13PJUK Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour University of OxfordOxford OX13SRUnited Kingdom School in Advanced Optical Technologies Friedrich-Alexander Universita¨t Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg91052 ErlangenGermany

Adaptive optics is becoming a valuable tool for high resolution microscopy,providing correction for aberrations introduced by the refractive index structure of *** is proving particularly promising for applications that require images from deep within biological tissue *** review recent developments in adaptive microscopy,including methods and applications.A range of advances in different microscope modalities is covered and prospects for the future are discussed.

关键词： aberrations adaptive optics microscopy

The pH of the Apoplast： Dynamic Factor with =unctional Impact Under Stress

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Molecular Plant 2017年第11期10卷 1371-1386页

作者： Christoph-martin Geilfus Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt-University of Berlin Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1 14195 Berlin Germany

The apoplast is an interconnected compartment with a thin water-film that alkalinizes under stress. This systemic pH increase may be a secondary effect without functional implications, arising from ion movements or proton-pump regulations. On the other hand, there are increasing indications that it is part of a mechanism to withstand stress. Regardless of this controversy, alkalinization of the apoplast has received little attention. The apoplastic pH （PHapo） increases not only during plant-pathogen interactions but also in response to salinity or drought. Not much is known about the mechanisms that cause the leaf apoplast to alkalinize, nor whether, and if so, how functional impact is conveyed. Controversial explanations have been given, and the unusual complexity of pHapo regulation is considered as the primary reason behind this lack of knowledge. A gathering of scattered information revealed that changes in PHapo convey functionality by regulating stomatal aperture via the effects exerted on abscisic acid. Moreover, apoplastic alkalinization may regulate growth under stress, whereas this needs to be verified. In this review, a comprehensive survey about several physiological mechanisms that alkalize the apoplast under stress is given, and the suitability of apoplastic alkalinization as transducing element for the transmission of sensory information is discussed.

关键词： apoplastic fluid alkalinization abscisic acid PM-H^+-ATPase S-Type anion channel malate

Versatile chip-based nanoscopy becomes ready for histopathology assessment

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 730-732页

作者： martin Lopez-Garcia Natural and Artificial Photonic Structures Group International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryBraga 4715-330Portugal

Nanoscopy is a mature technology used routinely in life science to obtain images well below the optical diffraction *** the use of nanoscopy in histopathology assessment is very limited mostly due to the low throughput of traditional nanoscopic *** far,Chip-nanoscopy,nanoscopy in which sample illumination is performed by an integrated photonic chip instead of bulk optics,has been shown to provide an enhanced field of view and throughput for cell ***,a new development shows that chip-nanoscopy also offers interesting progress for the study of histological samples offering a complementary technique to electron microscopy for histopathology assessment.

关键词： nanos offering illumination

Progress on band structure engineering of twisted bilayer and two-dimensional moiré heterostructures

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第12期29卷 5-16页

作者： Wei Yao martin Aeschlimann Shuyun Zhou Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern67663 KaiserslauternGermany State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Artificially constructed van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)provide an ideal platform for realizing emerging quantum phenomena in condensed matter *** methods for building vdWHs have been developed:stacking two-dimensional(2D)materials into a bilayer structure with different lattice constants,or with different *** interlayer coupling stemming from commensurate or incommensurate superlattice pattern plays an important role in vdWHs for modulating the band structures and generating new electronic *** this article,we review a series of novel quantum states discovered in two model vdWH systems—graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)hetero-bilayer and twisted bilayer graphene(tBLG),and discuss how the electronic structures are modified by such stacking and *** also provide perspectives for future studies on hetero-bilayer materials,from which an expansion of 2D material phase library is expected.

关键词： twisted bilayer graphene van der Waals heterostructure band structure engineering

Conditioned duality between supercontinental’assembly’and’breakup’LIPs

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1635-1649页

作者： martin B.Klausen Department of Earth Sciences Stellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1MatielandSouth Africa

A compilation of 178 more precise ages on 10 potential Large Igneous Provinces(LIPs)across southern Africa,is compared to Earth’s supercontinental cycles,where 5 more prominent LIP-events all formed during the assembly of supercontinents,rather than during *** temporal bias is confirmed by a focused review of field relationships,where these syn-assembly LIPs formed behind active continental arcs;whereas,the remaining postassembly-and likely breakup-related-LIPs never share such *** the possibility of two radically different LIP-types,only the two younger breakup events(the Karoo LIP and Gannakouriep Suite)produced basalts with more enriched asthenospheric OIB-signatures;whereas,all assembly LIPs produced basalts with stronger lithospheric,as well as more or less primitive asthenospheric,signatures.A counterintuitive observation of Precambrian breakup LIPs outcropping as smaller fragments that are more peripherally located along craton margins,compared to assembly LIPs as well as the Phanerozoic Karoo breakup LIP,is explained by different preservation potentials during subsequent supercontinental ***,further accentuating radical differences between(1)breakup LIPs,preferentially intruding along what evolves to become volcanic rifted margins that are more susceptible to deformation within subsequent orogens,and(2)assembly LIPs,typically emplaced along backarc rifts within more protected cratonic interiors.A conditioned duality is proposed,where assembly LIPs are primarily sustained by thermal blanketing(as well as local arc hydration and rifting)below assembling supercontinents and breakup LIPs more typically form above impinging mantle *** a duality is further related to an overall dynamic Earth model whereby predominantly supercontinent-orientated ocean lithospheric subduction establishes/revitalizes large low shear velocity provinces(LLSVPs)during assembly LIP-activity,and heating of such LLSVPs by the Earth’s core subsequ

关键词： Large igneous provinces Extrovert plate tectonics LLSVP Mantle dynamics Geochemical discrimination

Xerotolerant foliar endophytic fungi of Populus euphratica from the Tarim River basin,Central China are conspecific to endophytic ITS phylotypes of Populus tremula from temperate Europe

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 133-142页

作者： martin Unterseher Anne Petzold martin Schnittler Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology Department of Systematic BotanyErnst-Moritz-Arndt UniversityGrimmer Str.8817487 GreifswaldGermany

Fungal research on non-lichenized taxa in xeric and other unusual habitats for fungi is comparatively scarce but constantly reveal an enormous ecological and functional adaptiveness of these organisms to *** holds true in the topmost forest canopies as well as in marine,arctic,antarctic or desert *** the present study dried leaves of Populus euphratica from a continental desert area in Central China were investigated for endophytic fungi 6 weeks after sampling by cultivation of small leaf ***-five species,many of them well-known from extreme environments,were delimitated from as few as 58 isolates by a combined analysis of morphotypes,micromorphology and ITS ***-analyses revealed pronounced conspecificity to endophytes from Populus tremula leaves,but significant differences to foliar endophytic assemblages in Pinus monticola and Fagus *** deduced high similarity of endophytic communities on both Populus species compared with that on Pinus and Fagus suggests that many fungal phyllosphere species show a well-pronounced host preference,at least for their endophytic *** addition,it demonstrates that leaving leaves as a microhabitat might provide similar conditions such as constantly high relative humidity,regardless of the surrounding climatic *** evolution of extremotolerance might be of particular importance for retaining competitiveness of foliar endophytes in deciduous host trees after loss of pathogenicity.

关键词： Frost-drought tolerance Extremophile Alternaria Cladosporium Penicillium Evolution of endophytism

The Borel measure of sequences with bounded run-length

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第3期20卷 316-322页

作者： Alisa DeStefano Clyde martin Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy Cross1 College StWorcesterMA01610USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech University1108 Memorial CircleLubbockTX79409USA

Infinite sequences defined with a finite alphabet are studied and it is shown that the set of sequences with bounded run-length has measure zero with respect to the Borel *** sequences arise in many applications including digitization of certain linear systems involving flows on the circle and 2-torus,large scale simulation,and *** are basic objects of study in ergodic theory.

关键词： Digitization Borel measure Binary sequences Bounded run-length Irrational flow Torus