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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期63卷 1-43页

作者： Jaime Alvarez-Muniz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Ismael Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra le Coz Jean-Philippe lenain Guo liang léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schroder Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Fisica de Particulas&lnstituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Instituto de Astronomia Geofisica e Ciencias AtmosfericasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao Paulo-SP 05508-090Brazil Department of Physics-Astrophysics University of OxfordDWBOxford 0X13RHUK Institute of Experimental Particle Physics(ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsru he D-76021Germany laboratoire de Physique Nucleeaire et de Hautes Energies(lPNHE) Sorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS place Jussieu F-75252Paris Cedex 5France Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Discovery Center Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(CCA.PP)&Department of Physics Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain 0SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique-CNRS/IN2P3-Universite de NantesNantes 44300France laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de KEnvironnement et de VEspace lPC2E CNRS-Universite d'Orleans Orleans F-45071France Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay Observatoire de ParisCNRS/INSU F-18330 NangayFrance Sorbonne Universite UMR 7095Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris98 bis bd AragoParis 75014France Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics(IMAPP)Radboud UniversiteitNijmegen 6500Netherlands Nationaal Instituut voor Kemfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica(NIKHEF) Amsterdam NL-1009Netherlands IIHE/ElEM Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 2Brussels 1050Belgium Institute for Nuclear Physics(IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe D-76021Germany Einstein Fellow Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742-2421USA Joint Space-Science Institute College Park MD 20742-2421USA Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm UniversityStockholm SE-10691Sweden Department of Phy

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge *** goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic *** do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched *** will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the *** design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals *** we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation:sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays:galactic and extragalactic

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The Cayley graph built left ideals upon the semigroup of of a ring

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上海师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2014年第5期43卷 506-510页

作者： Aihua li ralph P.Tucci Department of Mathematical Sciences Montclair State University Morltclair New Jersey 070d3 USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Loyola University New Orleans New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA

We investigate the interaction between a ring R and the Cayley graph Cay(l(R)) of the semigroup of left ideals of R,as well as subdigraphs of this graph. Graph theoretic properties of these graphs are investigated,such as transitive closure,girth,radius,diameter,and spanning *** on certain of these graphs are given which imply that R is regular,left duo,or that the idempotents of R are central. We characterize simple rings in terms of Cay(l(R)). We characterize strongly regular rings in terms of a subdigraph of Cay(l(R)).

关键词： Cayley graph semigroup left ideal

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Adjustment of Mathematical Equations to Determine the Area leaf of <i>Cordia myxa</i>l.

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 609-616页

作者： Michelle Teixeira Araujo Ellen Maurício Faria Gabriel linhares Cunha Paloma de Moraes Nunes Vinicius de Souza Oliveira Karina Tiemi Hassuda dos Santos Omar Schmildt Antelmo ralph Falqueto Mônica Maria Pereira Tognella Edilson Romais Schmildt Center North of Espírito Santo Federal University of Espírito Santo S&#227 o Mateus Espírito Santo Brazil Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Alegre Espírito Santo Brazil

The objective of this study was to obtain mathematical equations through the leaf dimensions to estimate the area leaf of Cordia myxa l. 392 leaves of plants were collected, located in the municipality of São Mateus, North of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, 300 of which were used to adjust the equations and 92 for validation. Of all the leaves, the largest length (l) and maximum width (W) were measured, product of multiplying the length with the width (lW) and the real leaf area (RlA). Models equation first degree linear, quadratic and power were fitted, where RlA was the dependent variable as a function of l, W and lW as an independent variable. All equations were validated according to appropriate criterion. Thus, the power model ElA = 0.84(lW)0.9749, based on the product of multiplication of length with width (lW) is the most suitable for estimating the leaf area of Cordia myxa l.

关键词： Non-Destructive Method Validated Modeling

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Non-intrusive data-driven ROM framework for hemodynamics problems

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第7期37卷 1183-1191,I0003页

作者： M.Girfoglio l.Scandurra F.Ballarin G.Infantino F.Nicolo A.Montalto G.Rozza R.Scrofani M.Comisso F.Musumeci Area di Matematica mathLabSISSAScuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi AvanzatiTriesteItaly Modelli Matematici e Simulazioni Numeriche Collegio di Ingegneria MatematicaPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly Unit Operativa Complessa di Cardiochirurgia e Chirurgia dei Trapianti Azienda Ospedaliera San CamilloRomeItaly Dipartimento di Cardiochirurgia Azienda Ospedaliera FBF Luigi SaccoMilanItaly

Reduced order modeling(ROM)techniques are numerical methods that approximate the solution of parametric partial differential equation(PED)by properly combining the high-fidelity solutions of the problem obtained for several configurations,*** several properly chosen values of the physical/geometrical parameters characterizing the *** starting from a database of high-fidelity solutions related to a certain values of the parameters,we apply the proper orthogonal decomposition with interpolation(PODI)and then reconstruct the variables of interest for new values of the parameters,*** values from the ones included in the ***,we present a preliminary web application through which one can run the ROM with a very user-friendly approach,without the need of having expertise in the numerical analysis and scientific computing *** case study we have chosen to test the efficiency of our algorithm is represented by the aortic blood flow pattern in presence of a left ventricular(lVAD)assist device when varying the pump flow rate.

关键词： Non intrusive model reduction Data-driven techniques Hemodynamics lVAD Web computing

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人类代谢综合征的啮齿类动物模型中异氟烷和七氟烷的最低肺泡有效浓度测定

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麻醉与镇痛 2013年第6期9卷 62-67页

作者： Dinesh Pal, PhD Meredith E. Walton, BA William J. lipinski, MS lauren GI Koch, PhD ralph lydic, PhD Steve l. Britton, PhD George A. Mashour, MD, PhD 温仕宏(译) 刘克玄(校) Department of Anesthesiology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor Michigan. Dinesh Pal and Meredith E. Walton contributed equally to this study 不详

背景病态肥胖会影响麻醉药物的药动学和药效学，从而导致药物用量不当。我们推测，肥胖会显著改变异氟烷和七氟烷的最低肺泡有效浓度（minimumalveolarconcentration，MAC）。为验证该假设，我们通过人工筛选出的先天性低氧代谢能力大鼠... 详细信息

背景病态肥胖会影响麻醉药物的药动学和药效学，从而导致药物用量不当。我们推测，肥胖会显著改变异氟烷和七氟烷的最低肺泡有效浓度（minimumalveolarconcentration，MAC）。为验证该假设，我们通过人工筛选出的先天性低氧代谢能力大鼠（10waerobiccapacityruBners，lCR）和先天性高氧代谢能力大鼠（highaerobiccapacityrunners，HCR）来建立人类代谢综合征啮齿类动物模型。lCR大鼠肥胖，与人类代谢综合征具有相同的特征，且表现为运动耐力低下。相反，HCR大鼠有较高的运动耐力和良好的心血管功能及总体健康。方法雄性及雌性lCR（胛=10）和HCR大鼠（胛=10）行气管内插管，用异氟烷或七氟烷维持麻醉并机械通气。用定标法测定MAC值，用夹尾试验产生感觉刺激。在连续夹尾试验之前和之间有30分钟的麻醉平衡。lCR和HCR大鼠之间MAC值的比较使用两个参数检验（非配对样本t检验，unpariedttest）和非参数检验（***）的统计学方法。数据用均数±标准差（sD）和95％可信区间表示。P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果lCR大鼠的异氟烷MAC值（1．52％±0．13％）与已报道的正常大鼠的异氟烷MAC值（1．51％±0．12％）相近。HCR大鼠的异氟烷MAC值（1．90％±0．19％）明显比lCR大鼠（1．52％±0．13％）的高（P=0．0001）。lCR组与HCR组之间的七氟烷MAC值差异没有统计学意义，且与之前报道的正常大鼠的七氟烷MAC值（2．4％±0．30％）相近。性别对异氟烷和七氟烷的MAC值均无影响。结论通过代谢综合征啮齿类动物模型测定的MAC值，发现肥胖及其并存疾病并不影响麻醉药物的需求量。相反，高有氧代谢能力需要更高的异氟烷MAC，这可能是导致低治疗剂量的一个危险因素。

关键词：最低肺泡有效浓度啮齿类动物模型代谢综合征浓度测定异氟烷七氟烷人类有氧代谢能力

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决策中的陷阱

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工程经济 2006年第2期22卷 4-4页

作者： John S.Hammond ralph l.Keeney Howard Raiffa

糟糕的决策往往可以追溯到决策方式的错误上——没有准备好备选方案，没有收集到足够的信息，没有权衡成本和收益等等。可是，有些时候管理者明明采取了正确的决策步骤，却还是犯下了严重错误，给企业带来了无法挽回的危害，这空间是怎... 详细信息

糟糕的决策往往可以追溯到决策方式的错误上——没有准备好备选方案，没有收集到足够的信息，没有权衡成本和收益等等。可是，有些时候管理者明明采取了正确的决策步骤，却还是犯下了严重错误，给企业带来了无法挽回的危害，这空间是怎么回事？

关键词：决策陷阱成本和收益备选方案管理者企业

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Dual neuronal response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第12期5卷 917-926页

作者： lingyi ChiO Jin YuO Hong ZhuO Xingang li Shugan Zhu Zhenzhong li l. Creed PetticlrewO David GrassO James J. HickmanO Mark S. KindyO Department of Neurosurgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China laboratory of Neurosurgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston 29425 South Carolina USA Department of Anatomy Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Stroke Program Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington Kentucky Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Lexington 40536 Kentucky USA Xenogen Corporation 5 Cedar Brook Drive Cranbury 08512 New Jersey USA NanoScience Technology Center University of Florida Orlando 32826 Florida USA ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston 29401 South Carolina USA

BACKGROUND： Numerous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） is closely correlated with spinal cord injury （SCI）, but the mechanisms of TNF-α and therapeutic treatments for SCI are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To determine the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SCI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vivo experiment based on genetically engineered animals was performed at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, between June 2007 and October 2008. MATERIAlS： TNF-α transgenic rats （Xenogen Biosciences in Cranbury, New Jersey, USA） were utilized in this study. METHODS： TNF-α transgenic （tg） and wild-type （WT） rats underwent a complete single-level laminectomy at the 10^th thoracic vertebra （T10）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Motor function of rat hindlimb was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hindlimb locomotor rating scale. Histological evaluation of spinal cord tissue loss was conducted. Immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and TNF receptors （TNFRs） was performed on spinal cord tissue sections. TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of nerve growth factor （NGF） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the supernatant were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rat NGF or BDNF, respectively. The rats were injected subcutaneously with etanercept to verify that TNF-α was the direct effect of the modulation of behavioral and neurodegenerative outcomes in the TNF-α tg rats. RESUlTS： TNF-α tg rats showed higher expression of TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord prior to SCI. TNF-α tg rats showed worse motor deficits than WT rats in the acute period （〈 3 days） after SCI （P 〈 0.01）, while in the chronic period, TNF-α tg rats exhibited persistent elevated baseline levels of TNF-α mRNA and improved recovery in motor function and tissue healing compared to WT rats （P 〈 0.01 ）. Following SCI, the number of microgli

关键词： spinal cord injury tumor necrosis factor-α rats inflammation motor function astrocytes microglia nerve growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factors

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缺血性卒中开始时使用降脂类药物与死亡率降低相关

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 57-57页

作者： Elkind M.S.V. Flint A.C. Sciacca R.R. sacco R.l. 刘凯 Dr.Neurological Institute 710 West 168th Street New York NY 10032 United States

Background: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), the most frequently used lipid-lowering agents (llAs) have neuroprotective effects in rodent models of ischemic stroke. The authors hypothesized that patients with ischemic stroke taking llAs would have better outcomes than patients not taking llAs. Methods: The Northern Manhattan Study is a population-based study designed to determine stroke incidence and prognosis in a multiethnic, urban population. Northern Manhattan residents age 40 years or older diagnosed with their first ischemic stroke were eligible. Patients or their proxies were interviewed regarding medications being taken at home before stroke onset. The NIH Stroke Scale was used to assess stroke severity, categorized as mild (≤5), moderate (6 to 13), or severe (≥14), and the Barthel Index at 6 months to assess functional outcome. Clinical worsening in hospital was recorded by trial neurologists. Odds ratios and 95%CIs for association of llA use and stroke severity, mortality, and functional outcome were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Of 650 patients, 57 (8.8%) were taking llAs. The majority (90.9%) of llA users were taking a statin. Clinical worsening in hospital occurred less frequently among patients taking llAs at stroke onset (6.3%vs 18.2%; p=0.04). Ninety day mortality was lower in those taking llAs (1.8%vs 10.6%, p=0.03). The proportion of patients with severe stroke among those taking llAs was not lower (10.7%vs 16.8%, p=0.39). Conclusion: Patients taking lipid-lowering agents (llAs) at the time of an ischemic stroke may have lower poststroke mortality and a lower risk of worsening during hospitalization. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether llAs, and statins in particular, have neuroprotective properties or other beneficial effects in acute ischemic stroke.

关键词：缺血性卒中降脂类药物卒中发作神经保护作用他汀类药物城市人群神经科医师还原酶抑制剂比值比可信区间

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Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1457-1462页

作者： Hannah MMcCoy Rachel Polcyn Naren lBanik Azizul Haque Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA ralph H.Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no *** and Drug Administration-approved ***,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in *** is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway ***-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in *** surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated *** here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following ***,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase *** combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following *** role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neu

关键词： cathepsin X ENOblock enolase glia mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase neurodegeneration neuroinflammation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B Rho-associated protein kinase spinal cord injury

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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 5-47页

作者： Jaime álvarez-Mu?iz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Isma?l Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra le Coz Jean-Philippe lenain Guo liang léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schr ?der Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Física de Partículas & Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S?o Paulo Department of Physics—Astrophysics University of Oxford DWB Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) laboratoire de Physique Nucléeaire et de Hautes Energies (lPNHE) Sorbonne Université Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK Niels Bohr Institute Discovery Center Niels Bohr Institute Center for Cosmology and Astro Particle Physics (CCAPP) & Department of Physics Ohio State University Universidade de Santiago de Compostela SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique – CNRS/IN2P3 – Université de Nantes laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace lPC2E CNRS-Université d’Orléans Station de Radioastronomie de Nan?cay Observatoire de Paris Sorbonne Université UMR 7095 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud Universiteit Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF) IIHE/ElEM Vrije Universiteit Brussel Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Einstein Fellow Stanford University Department of Astronomy University of Maryland Joint Space-Science Institute Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm University Department of Physics Stockholm University Astro Particule et Cosmologie (APC) Université Paris Diderot CNRS/IN2P3 CEA/Irfu Observatoire de Paris Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University lUTH Observatoire de Paris

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection（GRAND） is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy（UHE） cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10～8 Ge V. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km2. A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation: sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays

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