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THE OCCURRENCE OF ENDOCARPS OF CELTIS BARBOURI AT CHOUKOUTIEN

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地质学报 1935年第2期 99-113+115-118+284-285页

作者： ralph W.CHANEY Research Associate Carnegie Institution of Washington Professor of Paleontology University of California

The occurrence of fossil plants in cave deposits is relatively rare due tothe fact that none of the higher plants,whose structures alone are readily pre-servable,occupy a cave *** many species of mammals,especiallycarnivores,rodents and man himself,higher plants require a situation wheresunlight is a regular factor in the environment.A further disadvantage from

关键词： THE OCCURRENCE OF ENDOCARPS OF CELTIS BARBOURI AT CHOUKOUTIEN

Redaktionelle Vorbemerkung: Alter

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德语人文研究 2003年第3期 16-18页

作者： ralph Waldo Emerson

Den verehrten Lesern legen wirnun zwei Aufstze vor,die sich mitdem scheinbar natrlichsten undselbstverstndlichsten Phnomen,dem Alter ***

关键词： der in Redaktionelle Vorbemerkung Alter

AN UPPER PLIOCENE FLORULE FROM THE SANMENIAN SERIES OF SHANSI PROVINCE

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地质学报 1935年第3期 349-355+357-358+434页

作者： ralph W.CHANEY Carnegie Institution of Washington University of California

The recent discovery of fossil plants in association with fresh-watermollusca,at the type locality of the Sanmenian series at Sanmen Rapids,addsa brief though important chapter to our gradually increasing knowledge of... 详细信息

关键词： AN UPPER PLIOCENE FLORULE FROM THE SANMENIAN SERIES OF SHANSI PROVINCE

Scrutinizing the atmospheric greenhouse effect and its climatic impact

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Natural Science 2011年第12期3卷 971-998页

作者： Gerhard Kramm ralph Dlugi 不详

In this paper, we scrutinize two completely different explanations of the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect: First, the explanation of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and the World Meteorological Organization (W?MO) quan- tifying this effect by two characteristic temperatures, secondly, the explanation of Ramanathan et al. [1] that is mainly based on an energy-flux budget for the Earth-atmosphere system. Both explanations are related to the global scale. In addition, we debate the meaning of climate, climate change, climate variability and climate variation to outline in which way the atmospheric greenhouse effect might be responsible for climate change and climate variability, respectively. In doing so, we distinguish between two different branches of climatology, namely 1) physical climatology in which the boundary conditions of the Earth-atmosphere system play the dominant role and 2) statistical climatology that is dealing with the statistical description of fortuitous weather events which had been happening in climate periods;each of them usually comprises 30 years. Based on our findings, we argue that 1) the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect cannot be proved by the statistical description of fortuitous weather events that took place in a climate period, 2) the description by AMS and W?MO has to be discarded because of physical reasons, 3) energy-flux budgets for the Earth-atmosphere system do not provide tangible evidence that the atmospheric greenhouse effect does exist. Because of this lack of tangible evidence it is time to acknowledge that the atmospheric greenhouse effect and especially its climatic impact are based on meritless conjectures.

关键词： Physical Climatology Statistical Climatology Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Earth-Atmosphere System

Long-term results of the surgical treatment of Peyronie＇s disease with plaque incision and grafting

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第6期13卷 797-797页

作者： David J ralph Institute of Urology London U K

Peyronie＇s disease is frequently associated with erectile dysfunction, and a variety of other comorbid disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and low testosterone. Two-thirds of patients with Peyronie＇s disease are likely to have risk factors for arterial disease and therefore worsening long-term erectile function.

关键词： disease frequently associated erectile dysfunction

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ralph Gibson的摄影艺术

明日风尚 2013年第7期 134-139页

作者：王辉 ralph 棕榈滩

定格于童年的记忆用ralph Gibson自己的话说"这一切是命运的安排",小时候的经历是他心中最为私密的记忆。出生在美国洛杉矶的Gibson小时候由于父母离异不得不辍学;后来在旧金山艺术学院(San Francisco Art Institute)学习摄影,成为一名... 详细信息

定格于童年的记忆用ralph Gibson自己的话说"这一切是命运的安排",小时候的经历是他心中最为私密的记忆。出生在美国洛杉矶的Gibson小时候由于父母离异不得不辍学;后来在旧金山艺术学院(San Francisco Art Institute)学习摄影,成为一名艺术系学生,但又遭遇同样的辍学命运。十七岁时他成为海军一员,也正是在这个时候他清楚地知道自己要成为一名摄影师。

关键词：摄影艺术 ralph Gibson 艺术展览音乐创作中央美术学院主题创作现场表演拍摄角度

基于风险评估的国家化学品管理体系——机遇与挑战（英文）

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2014年第2期28卷 145-153页

作者： ralph G STAHL Jr 殷征宇 Corporate Remediation Group DuPont Company Wilmington 杜邦哈斯凯尔全球健康与环境研究中心上海201203

尽管主要发达国家的化学品管理体系已经运行了30多年,但诸多不完善使这些体系仍然不断面临挑战。这些因素包括数据的质量和数量,对监管工作人员与资源的需求增长,危害和暴露评估方法的演变,以及化学品管理究竟是应该基于风险(危害和暴露... 详细信息

尽管主要发达国家的化学品管理体系已经运行了30多年,但诸多不完善使这些体系仍然不断面临挑战。这些因素包括数据的质量和数量,对监管工作人员与资源的需求增长,危害和暴露评估方法的演变,以及化学品管理究竟是应该基于风险(危害和暴露)还是基于危害的争鸣。新兴国家和发展中国家在建立各自的化学品管理体系的过程中,迫切希望借鉴发达国家的经验,减少或避免已往失误和现存的缺陷。即使如此,正在新建或完善的国家管理体系,也还会面临着相同的命题或者新的挑战。本文着重以个人的亲身经验,评述了美国和欧洲已有的管理体系和正在完善的中国的化学品管理体系,这些体系的一些关键元素,以及危害、暴露与风险评估方法演变所带来的挑战,并就如何进一步改进和完善化学品管理体系提出了个人的见解和建议。

关键词：化学品管理风险评估风险管理

Entropy generation in bypass transitional boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： GEORGE Joseph OWEN Landon D. XING Tao MCELIGOT Donald M. CREPEAU John C. BUDWIG ralph S. NOLAN Kevin P. Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA University of Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA University of Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imperial College London London SW7-28ZUK

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） turbulence models to predict entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in such flows are evaluated employing the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT. Various turbulence and transitional models are assessed by comparing their results with the direct numerical simulation （DNS） data and two recent CFD studies. A solution verification study is conducted on three systematically refined meshes. The factor of safety method is used to estimate the numerical error and grid uncertainties. Monotonic convergence is achieved for all simulations. The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, Reo, skin-friction coefficient, Cf, approximate entropy generation rates, S, dissipation coefficient, Cd , and the intermittency, y, are calculated for bypass transition simulations. All Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） turbulence and transitional models show improvement over previous CFD results in predicting onset of transition. The transition SST k - ω 4 equation model shows closest agreement with DNS data for all flow conditions in this study due to a much finer grid and more accurate inlet boundary conditions. The other RANS models predict an early onset of transition and higher boundary layer entropy generation rates than the DNS shows.

关键词： entropy generation bypass transition Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transitional boundary layer turbulence models

Surgical management of the tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy patient

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第3期3卷 176-182页

作者： ralph F.Wetmore E.Mortimer Newlin Professor of Pediatric Otolaryngology The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaDept.of Otorhinolaryngology Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania3401 Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

关键词： Tonsillectomy Adenoidectomy Surgical management