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Using strategically applied grazing to manage invasive alien plants in novel grasslands

Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 275-285页

作者： Jennifer Firn Jodi N Price ralph db whalley School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia School of Plant Biology University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia Botany University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2352Australia

Introduction:Novel ecosystems that contain new combinations of invasive alien plants(IAPs)present a challenge for ***,control strategies that focus on the removal of the invasive species and/or restoring historical disturbance regimes often do not provide the best outcome for long-term control of IAPs and the promotion of more desirable plant ***:This study seeks to identify the primary drivers of grassland invasion to then inform management practices toward the restoration of native *** revisiting both published and unpublished data from experiments and case studies within mainly an Australian context for native grassland management,we show how alternative states models can help to design control strategies to manage undesirable IAPs by manipulating grazing ***:Ungulate grazing is generally considered antithetical to invasive species management because in many countries where livestock production is a relatively new disturbance to grasslands(such as in Australia and New Zealand as well as Canada and the USA),selective grazing pressure may have facilitated opportunities for IAPs to *** find that grazing stock can be used to manipulate species composition in favour of the desirable components in pastures,but whether grazing is rested or strategically applied depends on the management goal,sizes of populations of the IAP and more desirable species,and climatic and edaphic ***:Based on our findings,we integrated these relationships to develop a testable framework for managing IAPs with strategic grazing that considers both the current state of the plant community and the desired future state—*** application of the principles behind reclamation,rehabilitation,restoration or all three—over time.

关键词： grassland grazing Canada

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Plastid engineering with an efficient RNAi delivery system based on bacteriophage Ms2 virus-like particles enhances plant resistance to cotton bollworm

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 987-989页

作者： Chunmei Jiang Jinqiu Fu Fujun Li Kai Xia Shengchun Li Ling Chang ralph Bock Jiang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life SciencesHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen518000China Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476Potsdam-GolmGermany

Dear Editor,RNA-based pesticides are approaching the market,offering great potential to control agricultural pests such as the coleopteran insect Diabrotica virgifera virgifera(Head et al.,2017).However,application to lepidopteran pests has been hampered by their inconsistent response to RNA interference(RNAi).As a notorious lepidoptera pest,Helicoverpa armigera feeds on over 300 species of host plants(Fu et al.,2022).Although transgenicplants expressingdouble-stranded RNAs or microRNAs that target essential insect genes can inhibit the growth of larvae,complete protection of the plants and efficient killing of this insect have not been achieved(Bally et al.,2020;Chung et al.,2021;Li et al.,2023).The relatively low RNAi efficiency in lepidopterans is mainly attributable to the degradation and intracellular sequestration of double-stranded RNA(Shukla et al.,2016;Zhu and Palli,2020).To overcome these obstacles and improve RNAi efficiency in ***,we attempted to deliver RNAi molecules using a bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particle(VLP)-based delivery system(Wang et al.,2016).

关键词： overcome offering approaching

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Barosinusitis due to routine weather changes:A cross-sectional analysis of public websites

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 18-23页

作者： James C.Campbell Julia E.Canick Philip G.Chen ralph Abi Hachem David W.Jang Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA

Background:Sinusitis is a common diagnosis that can be erroneously associated with routine weather‐related barometric pressure *** actuality,these pressure changes likely exacerbate migraine headaches,which can cause facial pain and pressure rather than true sinus ***:The present study sought to characterize the representation of both sinusitis and migraine in association with barometric pressure changes across websites on the ***:An Internet search for relevant terms was conducted,and content of the resulting pages was assessed for associations between weather‐related pressure changes and either sinusitis or *** in reported results across different subtypes of Internet sources were *** primary outcomes measured were(1)whether a given media source associated barometric weather changes with sinusitis,(2)whether that source associated barometric weather changes with migraine,and(3)treatment options offered by that ***:Of the 116 included webpages,36(31.03%)associated sinusitis and routine barometric pressure *** these,10(27.77%)were otolaryngology practice ***‐seven webpages(57.76%)associated migraine and routine barometric pressure *** these,nonotolaryngology webpages were more likely to report this ***:Otolaryngology practice sites were observed to be the most frequent professional medical resource reporting the unsubstantiated claim that routine barometric pressure changes are associated with *** sources were more likely to link weather‐related pressure changes to *** results suggest that opportunities exist for otolaryngology practice sites to educate patients about nonrhinogenic headache etiologies.

关键词： acute rhinosinusitis balloon sinus dilation headache migraine sinusitis

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Message from the Best Paper Award Committee

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 397-397页

作者： Ming C.Lin Baoquan Chen Ying He Wenping Wang Kun Zhou ralph Martin Associate Editor-in-Chief University of Maryland at College Park USA 不详

Following the success of the past eight years,Tsinghua University Press has continued to sponsor an annual award for the best papers published in Computational Visual *** papers in 2023 from Computational Visual Media were recommended by Associate Editors as candidate papers for the Best Paper *** Editors-in-Chief Ming *** and ralph Martin led the Best Paper Award Committee to select the Best *** careful deliberation,the following paper was chosen with the unanimous consensus as the winner.

关键词： Visual Award Message

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Application of ACP Nonlinear Math in Analyzing Arithmetic and Radiation Transmission Data (Application 1 & 2) [4-21-2024, 820P] (V)

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第6期12卷 2302-2319页

作者： ralph W. Lai Melisa W. Lai-Becker Grace Cheng-Dodge 28 Cornerstone Ct. Doylestown PA USA Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA Independent Education Consultants West Hartford CT USA

In this study, we explore the application of ACP (asymptotic curve based and proportionality oriented) Alpha Beta (αβ) Nonlinear Math to analyze arithmetic and radiation transmission data. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between two variables. The novel approach involves collecting elementary “y” data and subsequently analyzing the asymptotic cumulative or demulative (opposite of cumulative) Y data. In part I, we examine the connection between the common linear numbers and ideal nonlinear numbers. In part II, we delve into the relationship between X-ray energy and the radiation transmission for various thin film materials. The fundamental physical law asserts that the nonlinear change in continuous variable Y is negatively proportional to the nonlinear change in continuous variable X, expressed mathematically as dα = −Kdβ. Here: dα {Y, Yu, Yb} represents the change in Y, with Yu and Yb denoting the upper and baseline asymptote of Y. dβ {X, Xu, Xb} represents the change in X, with Xu and Xb denoting the upper and baseline asymptote of X. K represents the proportionality constant or rate constant, which varies based on equation arrangement. K is the key inferential factor for describing physical phenomena.

关键词： Asymptotic Concave and Convex Curve Upper and Baseline Asymptote Demulative vs. Cumulative Coefficient of Determination Proportionalityand Position Constant Skewed Bell and Sigmoid Curve

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以抗螨选育为重点的德国蜜蜂育种

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中国蜂业 2024年第7期75卷 28-29页

作者： ralph Büchler Aleksandar Uzunov 程瑞益陈超单金琼德国黑森州蜜蜂研究所基希海因35274 北马其顿圣基里尔·麦托迪大学农业科学与食品学院斯科普里1000 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所资源昆虫高效养殖与利用全国重点实验室北京 100193

一、德国蜜蜂育种的发展1870年前后,不同欧洲国家间的蜂王贸易蓬勃发展,这与德国采用活框饲养密切相关.在几十年的时间里,这个区域拥有了五花八门的蜂种,导致了本土黑蜂(欧洲黑蜂,Apis mellifera mellifera)的严重杂化.蜂种的自由混合...

一、德国蜜蜂育种的发展1870年前后,不同欧洲国家间的蜂王贸易蓬勃发展,这与德国采用活框饲养密切相关.在几十年的时间里,这个区域拥有了五花八门的蜂种,导致了本土黑蜂(欧洲黑蜂,Apis mellifera mellifera)的严重杂化.蜂种的自由混合导致蜂群攻击性和分蜂性增加、产蜜量变差.

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行星科学研究中热发射光谱的实验测量与定标方法

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空间科学学报 2024年第2期44卷 270-286页

作者：杨亚洲 MILLIKEN ralph E BRAMBLE Michael S PATTERSON William R 邹永廖刘洋中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室北京100190 布朗大学地球环境与行星科学学院普罗维登斯02912

准确的物质组成信息是解译行星体形成与演化历史的关键,可见–近红外遥感光谱探测一直是获取行星表面成分的主要技术手段.在热红外谱段光谱特征更为丰富,因此随着探测技术的发展,其在行星探测中得到越来越多的应用.尤其是在目前已经实... 详细信息

准确的物质组成信息是解译行星体形成与演化历史的关键,可见–近红外遥感光谱探测一直是获取行星表面成分的主要技术手段.在热红外谱段光谱特征更为丰富,因此随着探测技术的发展,其在行星探测中得到越来越多的应用.尤其是在目前已经实施与立项的国内外小行星探测任务中,都将热发射光谱仪作为核心载荷之一.为了更好地对将来获取的热发射光谱数据进行解译,建立科学合理的数据处理与定标方案是必不可少的.本文对用于行星科学研究的热发射光谱测量装置的设计、测量及数据处理方法进行了系统分析.针对低温、真空条件下热发射测量过程中样品辐射信号与仪器辐射信号难以分离的问题,提出并论证了基于傅里叶变换红外光谱仪原始测量信号–干涉图的数据处理方法.该方法可以更为有效地分离出样品实际辐射信号,从而获得更为准确的发射率光谱数据.研究结果可为国内相关热发射测量装置的设计与搭建以及未来天问二号等探测数据的处理与科学解译提供参考.

关键词：行星探测热发射光谱实验室测量定标

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Haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis and population genomics uncover the origin and domestication of sweetpotato

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 277-296页

作者： Mengxiao Yan Ming Li Yunze Wang Xinyi Wang M-Hossein Moeinzadeh Dora G.Quispe-Huamanquispe Weijuan Fan Yijie Fang Yuqin Wang Haozhen Nie Zhangying Wang Aiko Tanaka Bettina Heider Jan F.Kreuze Godelieve Gheysen Hongxia Wang Martin Vingron ralph Bock Jun Yang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Computational Molecular Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsIhnestraBe 63-7314195 BerlinGermany Department of Biotechnology Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement Crop Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8601Japan international Potato Center(CIP) LimaPeru CAS Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany

The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops ***,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains *** this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of *** diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genome to *** tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was most likely *** 4x,which donated the B2 subgenome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast *** most likely originated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genome *** addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenomes;the rate of B,to B2 subgenome conversions was nearly three times higher than that of B2 to B subgenome *** analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root formation,maintenance of genome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium uptake were selected during the speciation and domestication of *** study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.

关键词： sweetpotato origin gene conversion domestication IbT-DNA HPA

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Performance analysis of a 2D numerical model in estimating minimum fluidization velocity for fluidized beds

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颗粒学报:英文版 2023年第6期77卷 116-127页

作者： Nazmul Hossain ralph Metcalfe Department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA

The minimum fluidization velocity of a fluid-solid particle fluidized bed is the primary focus of this *** computationally economic Eulerian Granular model has been used to analyze fluidization for both gas-solid particle and liquid-solid particle fluidized *** conventional approach of finding minimum fluidization velocity(umf)is either with a pressure drop across the particle bed or the change in bed ***,these parameters are often unstable and cannot be used to generalize the degree of fluidization *** this paper,the dominant factor of unstable pressure drop estimation in the 2D Two-Fluid Model(TFM)and a key non-dimensional Euler number has been investigated in deter-mining minimum fluidization velocity for different quasi-2D fluidized beds for different bed sizes,par-ticle sizes,and particle *** assumptions and limitations of these numerical models are discussed in detail for four different fluidized bed cases.A comparative study of the drag model shows little to no influence in unstable pressure drop estimation near fluidization velocity,and all drag models perform *** is observed that particle-particle collision is not the dominant reason for unstable pressure drop near minimum ***,wall effects on the particle bed including frictional losses and wall-particle collision play a key role in unstable pressure drop calculation for the quasi-2D fluidized *** drop characteristics alone do not suffice to obtain minimum fluidization ve-locity with 2D TFM using existing ***,a different approach has been proposed to investigate minimum fluidization involving the Euler number,which has shown promising performance in deter-mining minimum fluidization velocity and characterizing fluidization with 2D *** show con-sistency in Euler number characteristics for all different fluidized bed cases considered in this *** can revitalize computationally economic 2D Eulerian simulatio

关键词： Fluidized bed Minimum fluidization velocity Fluid-solid particle flow Eulerian granularmultiphase model

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Lexicalized Dependency Paths Based Supervised Learning for Relation Extraction

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第12期43卷 861-870页

作者： Huiyu Sun ralph Grishman New York University New York10012USA

Log-linear models and more recently neural network models used forsupervised relation extraction requires substantial amounts of training data andtime, limiting the portability to new relations and domains. To this end, we propose a training representation based on the dependency paths between entities in adependency tree which we call lexicalized dependency paths (LDPs). We showthat this representation is fast, efficient and transparent. We further propose representations utilizing entity types and its subtypes to refine our model and alleviatethe data sparsity problem. We apply lexicalized dependency paths to supervisedlearning using the ACE corpus and show that it can achieve similar performancelevel to other state-of-the-art methods and even surpass them on severalcategories.

关键词： Relation extraction dependency paths lexicalized dependency paths supervised learning rule-based models

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