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New GATEWAY vectors for High Throughput Analyses of Protein-Protein Interactions by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1051-1058页

作者： Christian Gehl Rainer Waadt Jorg Kudla ralf-R. Mendel Robert Hansch Institut for Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universitat Braunschweig Humboldtstrasse 1 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen Institut for Botanik und Botanischer Garten Universitat MOnster Schlossplatz 4 D-48149 MOnster Germany

Complex protein interaction networks constitute plant metabolic and signaling systems. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation （BiFC） is a suitable technique to investigate the formation of protein complexes and the localization of protein-protein interactions in planta. However, the generation of large plasmid collections to facilitate the exploration of complex interaction networks is often limited by the need for conventional cloning techniques. Here, we report the implementation of a GATEWAY vector system enabling large-scale combination and investigation of candidate proteins in BiFC studies. We describe a set of 12 GATEWAY-compatible BiFC vectors that efficiently permit the combination of candidate protein pairs with every possible N-or C-terminal sub-fragment of S（CFP）3A or Venus, respectively, and enable the performance of multicolor BiFC （mcBiFC）. We used proteins of the plant molybdenum metabolism, in that more than 20 potentially interacting proteins are assumed to form the cellular molybdenum network, as a case study to establish the functionality of the new vectors. Using these vectors, we report the formation of the molybdopterin synthase complex by interaction of Arabidopsis proteins Cnx6 and Cnx7 detected by BiFC as well as the simultaneous formation of Cnx6/Cnx6 and Cnx6/Cnx7 complexes revealed by mcBiFC. Consequently, these GATEWAY-based BiFC vector systems should significantly facilitate the large-scale investigation of complex regulatory networks in plant cells.

关键词： BiFC GATEWAY molybdenum cofactor nitrate reductase.

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ZrC-ZrB_2-SiC ceramic nanocomposites derived from a novel single-source precursor with high ceramic yield

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2019年第1期8卷 112-120页

作者： Zhaoju YU Xuan LV Shuyi LAI Le YANG Wenjing LEI Xingang LUAN ralf RIEDEL College of Materials Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of Materials Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Xiamen University) College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical University Technische Universit?t Darmstadt Institut für Materialwissenschaft

For the first time, ZrC-ZrB_2-SiC ceramic nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a single-source-precursor route, with allylhydridopolycarbosilane(AHPCS),triethylamine borane(TEAB),and bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride(Cp_2 ZrCl_2) as starting materials. The polymer-to-ceramic transformation and thermal behavior of obtained single-source precursor were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA). The results show that the precursor possesses a high ceramic yield about 85% at 1000 ℃.The phase composition and microstructure of formed ZrC-ZrB_2-SiC ceramics were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).Meanwhile, the weight loss and chemical composition of the resultant ZrC-ZrB_2-SiC nanocomposites were investigated after annealing at high temperature up to 1800 ℃. High temperature behavior with respect to decomposition as well as crystallization shows a promising high temperature stability of the formed ZrC-ZrB_2-SiC nanocomposites.

关键词： polymer derived ceramics single-source precursor ceramic nanocomposite

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GalevNB:a conversion from N-body simulations to observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第3期16卷 1-10页

作者： Xiao-Ying Pang Christoph Olczak Di-Feng Guo Rainer Spurzem ralf Kotulla National Astronomical Observatories and Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418China Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Zentrum für Astronomie der Universitat HeidelbergMonchhofstr.12-1469120 HeidelbergGermany Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Lab for Astrophysics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison475 N Charter StMadison WI 53706USA

We present GalevNB （Galev for N-body simulations）, a utility that converts fundamental stellar properties of N-body simulations into observational properties using the GALEV （GAlaxy EVolutionary synthesis models） package, and allowing direct comparisons between observations and N-body simulations. It works by converting fundamental stellar properties, such as stellar mass, temperature, luminosity and metallicity into observational magnitudes for a variety of filters used by mainstream instruments/telescopes, such as HST, ESO, SDSS, 2MASS, etc., and into spectra that span the range from far-UV （90 A） to near-IR （160 ~tm）. As an application, we use Ga 1 evNB to investigate the secular evolution of the spectral energy distribution （SED） and color magnitude diagram （CMD） of a simulated star cluster over a few hundred million years. With the results given by GalevNB we discover a UV-excess in the SED of the cluster over the whole simulation time. We also identify four candidates that contribute to the FUV peak： core helium burning stars, second asymptotic giant branch （AGB） stars, white dwarfs and naked helium stars.

关键词： stars kinematics and dynamics -- stars C-M diagrams -- stars AGB and post-AGB -- stars white dwarf

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Hard and tough novel high-pressure γ-Si_(3)N_(4)/Hf_(3)N_(4) ceramic nanocomposites

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第7期12卷 1418-1429页

作者： Wei Li Zhaoju Yu Leonore Wiehl Tianshu Jiang Ying Zhan Emmanuel III Ricohermoso Martin Etter Emanuel Ionescu Qingbo Wen Christian Lathe Robert Farla Dharma Teppala Teja Sebastian Bruns Marc Widenmeyer Anke Weidenkaff Leopoldo Molina-Luna ralf Riedel Shrikant Bhat Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadt 64283Germany Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers(Xiamen University) Ministry of EducationCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607Germany Fraunhofer IWKS Department Digitalization of ResourcesAlzenau 63755Germany State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Potsdam 14473Germany

Cubic silicon nitride(-Si_(3)N_(4))is superhard and one of the hardest materials after diamond and cubic boron nitride(cBN),but has higher thermal stability in an oxidizing environment than diamond,making it a competitive candidate for technological applications in harsh conditions(e.g.,drill head and abrasives).Here,we report the high-pressure synthesis and characterization of the structural and mechanical properties of a γ-Si_(3)N_(4)/Hf_(3)N_(4) ceramic nanocomposite derived from single-phase amorphous silicon(Si)-hafnium(Hf)-nitrogen(N)*** synthesis of the-Si_(3)N_(4)/Hf_(3)N_(4) nanocomposite is performed at~20 GPa and ca.1500 ℃ in a large volume multi anvil *** structural evolution of the amorphous precursor and its crystallization to-Si_(3)N_(4)/Hf_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites under high pressures is assessed by the in situ synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction(ED-XRD)measurements at~19.5 GPa in the temperature range of ca.1000-1900℃.The fracture toughness(K_(IC))of the two-phase nanocomposite amounts~6/6.9 MPa·m^(1/2) and is about 2 times that of single-phaseγ-Si_(3)N_(4),while its hardness of ca.30 GPa remains *** work provides a reliable and feasible route for the synthesis of advanced hard and tough-Si_(3)N_(4)-based nanocomposites with excellent thermal stabililty.

关键词： cubic silicon nitride(γ-Si_(3)N_(4))/Hf_(3)N_(4) ceramic nanocomposites in situ synchrotron radiation mechanical properties thermal stability

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A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation:model implementation and experimental validation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第4期13卷 274-283页

作者： Zhuo-dong ZHANG ralf WIELAND Matthias REICHE Roger FUNK Carsten HOFFMANN Yong LI Michael SOMMER Institute of Soil Landscape Research Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF)Muencheberg 15374Germany Institute of Landscape System Analysis Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF)Muencheberg 15374Germany Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Institute of Earth and Environmental Science University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany

To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was con- ducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear imple- mentation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.

关键词：风模型计算液体动力学(CFD ) 风侵蚀风隧道实验空间分析和建模工具(SAMT ) 开放源代码

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Organic petrology and geochemistry of Triassic and Jurassic coals of the Tabas Basin, Northeastern/Central Iran

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2019年第3期6卷 354-371页

作者： Nazanin Zamansani Mohammad Ali Rajabzadeh ralf Littke Laura Zieger Alireza Baniasad Department of Earth Sciences College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Energy and Mineral Resources Group (EMR) RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Jurassic and Triassic coals and organic matter-rich shales of the Tabas Basin, Iran, were investigated with respect to their thermal maturation and petrographic composition. The Triassic coals of the Parvadeh coal field range in vitrinite reflectance between 1.17% and 1.37% and the Jurassic coals of the Mazino coal field between 2.08% and 2.29% VRr. Maceral analysis revealed a predominance of vitrinite in all samples, with slightly higher percentages of inertinite in the Jurassic samples. Rock-Eval analyses confirm the presence of type III kerogen in the Triassic coals, while the Jurassic coals contain strongly carbonized residual kerogen. The range of sulfur contents for coals from the Parvadeh coal field (0.37% to 4.64%) and Mazino coal field (0.45% to 2.92%) is related to the effect of marine water in peat. The studied samples are characterized by the predominance of short- over long-chained n-alkanes. The relatively high Pr/Ph ratios indicate predominance of terrestrial organic matter whereas Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios prove oxic conditions during deposition. In addition, the DBT/Phen ratio shows that these coals formed in fluvial/deltaic environments. Molecular geochemical parameters such as carbon preference index (CPI, 0.99-1.04), methyl phenanthrene index (MPI, 1.20-1.60), methyl naphthalene ratio (MNR, 1.61-3.45), and ethyl naphthalene ratio (ENR, 4-6.78) confirm the high maturity of the samples. Burial and thermal history reconstruction indicates necessity of an erosional thickness of about 4000 m in the Parvadeh area. Towards the Mazino area, a higher basal heat flow up to 80 mW m^-2 is assumed for the Paleogene leading to higher maturities.

关键词： Jurassic coal Triassic coal Vitrinite reflectance Maceral Organic geochemistry Coal petrography

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Green infrastructure： a planning concept for the urban transformation of former coal-mining cities

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第1期5卷 78-91页

作者： Peter Wirth Jiang Chang ralf-Uwe Syrbe Wolfgang Wende Tinghao Hu Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) Weberplatz 1 01217 DresdenGermany China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) Daxue Road 1 Xuzhou 221116 China

Green infrastructure is a concept aimed at realizing a strategically planned network of valuable natural and semi-natural areas, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and to protect biodiversity in rural and urban settings. In the general post-mining context of China and Germany, this paper suggests and outlines an approach that combines green infrastructure with specific concepts of post-mining landscapes. While Germany has a long tradition of post-mining restoration, concepts of green infrastructure are still poorly developed. China, on the other hand, has taken its first steps in the restoration of coal regions, and could profit from the new concepts while drawing on Germany’s experience. The potentials of relevant strategies are investigated here through two case studies from Germany and China. Although there are significant differences in the post-mining development strategies of these two countries, it is clear that the green infrastructure concept can contribute significantly to a growth in ecosystem services. Four advantages of the green infrastructure concept are seen: First, it enables a systematic and highly objective assessment of mining impacts on the ecosystem. Second, the concept assists in the implementation of urban sustainability goals. Third, it is rooted in the local characteristics of landscapes. And finally, the green infrastructure concept seems to be highly compatible with tools of landscape and regional planning.

关键词： Post-mining development Ecosystem services Urban planning Green space China Germany

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Multilevel Preconditioners for the Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method II-Quantitative Studies

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第2期5卷 296-325页

作者： Kolja Brix Martin Campos Pinto Wolfgang Dahmen ralf Massjung Institut fur Geometrie und Praktische Mathematik RWTH Aachen52056 AachenGermany Universite Louis Pasteur Institut de Recherche Mathematique AvanceeCNRS UMR 750167084 StrasbourgFrance

This paper is concerned with preconditioners for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of second-order elliptic boundary value *** extend earlier related results in[7]in the following *** concrete realizations of splitting the nonconforming trial spaces into a conforming and(remaining)nonconforming part are identified and shown to give rise to uniformly bounded condition *** asymptotic results are complemented by numerical tests that shed some light on their respective quantitative behavior.

关键词： Interior penalty method energy-stable splittings admissible averaging operators frames multilevel Schwarz preconditioners discontinuous Galerkin methods

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小型紧凑的合成氨工厂

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流程工业 2022年第12期 16-17页

作者： ralf Mayer San-Ten咨询公司

日本研究人员研发出了一种用于小规模合成氨的新技术--紧凑的合成氨系统可以使较小的国家建立自己的分散式合成氨生产,并在工业脱碳中发挥重要作用。通常情况下,复杂的催化剂是这个新技术实现的关键因素。

关键词：合成氨生产合成氨系统催化剂紧凑分散式关键因素小规模

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Ultra-light, high flexible and efficient CNTs/Ti3C2-sodium alginate foam for electromagnetic absorption application

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2859-2867页

作者： Xingmin Liu Nan Chai Zhaoju Yu Hailong Xu Xinliang Li Jiquan Liu Xiaowei Yin ralf Riedel College of Materials Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers(Xiamen University)Ministry of EducationXiamen361005China Institutfiir Materialwissenschaft Technische Universitdt DarmstadtD-64287DarmstadtGermany College of Materials Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China Technische Universitat Darmstadt Eduard-Zintl-lnstitutfur Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieAlarich-Weiss-Straβe 4.D-64287DarmstadtGermany

Ultra-light carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs-COOH) and Ti3C2 MXene hybrids modified sodium alginate(CNTs/Ti3C2-SA) based composite foams were prepared through ice-templated freeze-drying method. The microstructure of the synthesized CNTs/Ti3C2 hybrids and CNTs/Ti3C2-SA foams is characterized by the presence of CNTs inserted between MXene layers which prevents their restacking. The resultant CNTs/Ti3C2 hybrids exhibit a unique sandwich-like hierarchical structure. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images show that the CNTs/Ti3C2-SA foam exhibits a heterogeneous anisotropic microstructure and CNTs/Ti3C2 hybrids are homogeneously dispersed in the skeleton of the porous foam. In case that the content of the hybrids amounts 40 mg/cm^3, the CNTs/Ti3C2-SA foam possesses excellent electromagnetic(EM) absorption performance with a minimum reflection coefficient(RCmin) as low as-40.0 dB. In case of a sample thickness of 3.95 mm, the RCminreaches-24.4 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth covers the whole X band from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. A control test shows that, with the same absorbent content, the CNTs/Ti3C2-SA foam exhibits a far better EM performance than that of CNT-free Ti3C2-SA foam.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes MXene Sodium alginate Electromagnetic absorption properties

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