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Assessment of performance,combustion and emissions characteristics of methanol-diesel dual-fuel compression ignition engine:A review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第5期8卷 638-680页

作者： Mohit Raj Saxena rakesh Kumar Maurya Prashant Mishra Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoparRupnagar 140001India

The energy security concern and rapidly diminishing fossil fuel resources demand the development of renewable and economically attractive fuel for reciprocating *** is a promising renewable alternative *** studies have been carried out to explore the various aspects of the utilization of methanol in compression ignition(CI)*** review paper presents a detailed analysis of the effect of methanol on performance,combustion,and emission(NOx,CO,HC,and soot)characteristics of conventional CI-engine along with dual-fuel combustion *** study focuses on methanol utilization in dual-fuel mode,which is an advanced engine combustion ***,methanol production and solubility issues of methanol in diesel are briefly *** study discusses the soot and nano-particle emission from the methanol fueled CI-engine,which is one of the main concerns in the current emission *** was found that the utilization of methanol in CI-engine has the potential to improve the performance and simultaneously with a significant reduction in NOx,CO,soot,and nano-particle emissions in comparison to neat diesel ***,unburnt HC emission reduces for methanol-diesel blended fuel operation whereas HC emissions are higher for methanoldiesel dual-fuel operation.

关键词： Methanol Dual-fuel Combustion Diesel engine Particle emissions Thermal efficiency

Physical and biochemical changes in ultra-rapid air chilled broiler muscle and quality of marinated chicken breast filets

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 315-320页

作者： rakesh K.Singh Neeraj Sharma Department of Food Science and Technology University of Georgia100 Cedar StreetFood Science BuildingAthensGA30602USA

The effect of ultra-rapid chilling in air at-20℃ over water-immersion chilling on broiler carcasses was investigated for physical and biochemical ***-eight eviscerated carcasses were divided into two groups,one group were subjected to air chilling and other to water-immersion chilling,and samples were drawn at time periods of 1,3 and 24 h post-chill to analyze for pH,ratios of adenine:inosine nucleotide(R-values),expressible moisture,cook yield,tenderness and ***-rapid air chilled carcasses showed significant differences(P<0.05)in pH,expressible moisture and cook yield at chosen post-chill time intervals over the carcasses chilled using water-immersion *** was concluded that air chilled carcasses had higher pH and expressible moisture,but the R-values,and shear values did not show significant differences,and only slight difference in color of carcasses processed by the two chilling *** a separate experiment with 108 commercially processed carcasses,quality attributes of pre-rigor marinated breast filets were studied after subjecting the carcasses to air chilling and water-immersion *** filets from air and water chilled carcass aged for 1,3,and 24 h were tumble marinated for 25 min in a Sodium Tri Polyphosphate(STPP)and NaCl solution with different pick up levels of 10,15 and 20%.After measuring marinade absorption,filets were aged at 2℃ for 24 *** differences were observed between the air and water chilling treatments in terms of marinade retention at different marinade target levels(10,15 and 20%)and time intervals(24,27 and 47 h)but cook yield of air chilled marinated fillet was *** conclusion,processors using further-processing operations that debone meat may find that AC to be more suitable alternative for cooling poultry carcasses because fillet color,marination yield,and tenderness were not affected,but cook yield was improved.

关键词： Air chilling Poultry Fillet Chicken meat Marination

Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18092-18103页

作者： Aakash Aggarwal Manish Manrai rakesh Kochhar Department of Internal Medicine SUNY Upstate Syracuse NY 13210 United States Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 160012 India

Acute pancreatitis remains a clinical challenge, despite an exponential increase in our knowledge of its complex pathophysiological changes. Early fluid therapy is the cornerstone of treatment and is universally recommended; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the type, rate, amount and end points of fluid replacement. Further confusion is added with the newer studies reporting better results with controlled fluid therapy. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of fluid depletion in acute pancreatitis, as well as the rationale for fluid replacement, the type, optimal amount, rate of infusion and monitoring of such patients. The basic goal of fluid epletion should be to prevent or minimize the systemic response to inflammatory markers. For this review, various studies and reviews were critically evaluated, along with authors’ recommendations, for predicted severe or severe pancreatitis based on the available evidence.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Fluid resuscitation Aggressive fluid therapy Crystalloids Colloids

Characterization of biofilms in biliary stents and potential factors involved in occlusion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第1期24卷 112-123页

作者： Chetana Vaishnavi Jayanta Samanta rakesh Kochhar Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

AIM To quantify the components in biofilms and analyze the predisposing factors involved in occlusion of biliary stents. METHODS In a prospective study conducted from April 2011 to March 2014 at a tertiary care hospital, all consecutive patients who required endoscopic biliary stent exchange/removal were included. Etiology of the biliary disease was diagnosed by imaging, cytology and on follow-up. Clinical details of patients with biliary stent retrieval were noted. All extracted stents were collected in sterile containers and immediatelyprocessed for quantification of biofilm proteins and polysaccharides. Molecular identification of commonly known and unknown bacteria was performed by polymerase chain reaction and density gradient gel electrophoresis methods. RESULTS Eighty one patients(41 males) with age range of 20-86 years were studied. The underlying causes for stent insertion were bile duct stones(n = 46; 56.8%) benign stricture(n = 29; 35.8%) and malignancy(n = 6; 7.4%) with cholangitis in 50(61.7%) patients. The retrieved stent sizes were 7 Fr(n = 62; 76.5%) and 10 Fr(n = 19; 23.5%) with 65 days median insertion duration. Polybacterial consortia were detected in 90.1% of the stents. The most common bacteria identified by polymerase chain reaction alone and/or sequencing were Pseudomonas(n = 38), Citrobacter(n = 23), Klebsiella(n = 22), Staphylococcus(n = 20), Serratia(n = 16), Escherichia coli(n = 14), Streptococcus(n = 13), Enterococcus(n = 13), Aeromonas(n = 12), Proteus(n = 10) and Enterobacter(n = 9). Protein concentration according to gender(0.547 ± 0.242 mg/ml vs 0.458 ± 0.259 mg/ml; P = 0.115) as well as age > 60 years and < 60 years(0.468 ± 0.295 mg/ml vs 0.386 ± 0.238 mg/ml; P = 0.205) was non-significant. However, polysaccharide concentration was significant both according to gender(0.052 ± 0.021 mg/ml vs 0.049 ± 0.016 mg/ml; P < 0.0001) and age(0.051 ± 0.026 mg/ml vs 0.038 ± 0.016 mg/ml; P < 0.011). Protein concentration in the biofilm was signifi

关键词： Biofilm constituents Polybacterial profile Predisposing factors Underlying causes Biliary stents

Increasing secondary bacterial infections with Enterobacteriaceae harboring bla_(CTX-M-15) and bla_(CMY-6) in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma:an emerging point of concern

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第1期4卷 5-12页

作者： Mohammed Shahid Abida Malik rakesh Bhargava Section of Bacteriology & Molecular Biology Department of Medical MicrobiologyJN Medical College & HospitalAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh-202 002U.P.India T.B.& Chest Diseases Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & HospitalAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh-202002Uttar PradeshIndia

Objective:To look for secondary bacterial infections in bronchogenic carcinoma（BCA） with resistant organisms harboring bla genes considering the paucity of relevant ***: A total of 137 confirmed cases of BCA and 34 healthy volunteers were studied for the occurrence and prevalence of blaCTX-M and and blaAmpC harboring-enterobacteriaceae.A subset of these patients（n=69） was previously reported for the secondary infection with the Aspergillus species. Bronchoalveolar lavages（BAL） were subjected for bacterial and fungal cultures and the bacterial isolates were screened by multiplex PCRs for the presence of blaCTX-M and blaAmpC.The isolates were also screened for the association of insertion sequence（IS26） by PCR and characterized by RAPD for any clonal ***:A total of 143 bacterial isolates were obtained from 137 BAL specimens of BC,*** Enterobacteriaceae-isolates were multidrug-resistant showing concomitant resistance to fluoroquinolones and *** blaCTX-M and blaAmpC of CIT family were detected in 77.4%and 27.4%isolates,*** revealed the presence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-6.Twenty one percent of the isolates were simultaneously harboring blaampC and blaCTX-M-15.IS26 PCR and RAPD typing revealed the presence of diverse bacterial population but no predominant clone was *** present study also suggests strong association of aspergillosis with lung cancer and further strengthens the potential use of non-validated serological tests suggested ***:We emphasize that all patients of bronchogenic carcinoma should also be screened for secondary bacterial infections,along with secondary fungal infections,so as to introduce early and specific antimicrobial therapy and to prevent unwanted deaths.

关键词： Bronchogenic carcinoma Secondary bacterial infections CTX-M AmpC Enterobacteriaceae

Proteomic analysis reveals dysregulated cell sign aling in ejaculated spermatozoa from in fertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第2期21卷 121-130页

作者： Luna Samanta rakesh Sharma Zhihong Cui Ashok Agarwal American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA Department of Zoology School of Life SciencesRavenshaw UniversityCuttackOdisha 753003India Institute of Toxicology The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Dysfunctional sperm maturation is the primary reason for the poor sperm motility and morphology in infertile *** from infertile men were fractioned on three-layer density gradient(80%,60%,and 40%).Fraction 1(Fl)refers to the least mature stage having the lowest den sity,whereas the fraction 4(F4)in eludes the most dense and morphologically mature motile *** 2(F2)and fraction 3(F3)represent the intermediate *** were extracted and separated by dimensional *** were digested with trypsin and analyzed on a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer *** annotations of proteins were obtained using bioinformatics tools and pathway databases.A total of 1585 proteins were detected in the four fractions of spermatozoa.A dysregulated protein turnover and protein folding may lead to accumulation of defective proteins or proteins that otherwise would have been eliminated during the process of maturation,resulting in the impairment of sperm fun *** nt chaper one expressi on may be a major con tributing factor to the defective sperm *** n receptor was predicted as a transcription regulator in one of the networks and the affected pathways were chaperone-mediated stress response,proteosomal pathway,and sperm *** down regulation of key pathways and protei ns which compromises the fertilizi ng potential of spermatozoa may provide in sight into the mecha nisms that lead to male infertility.

关键词： androgen receptor chaperone immature sperm infertile men proteasome spermatozoa

Morphotectonic and Lithostratigraphic Analysis of Intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir Himalayas,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： Reyaz Ahmad DAR rakesh CHANDRA Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Department of Earth Sciences The University of Kashmir

Morpho-tectonic study plays an important role in deciphering the effects of tectonic activity in the geomorphic evolution of the drainage *** watershed forms one of the major watersheds of the intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir *** Karewa sediments are characterized by glacio-fluvio-lacustrine deposits capped by the aeolian *** geomorphic,morphometric and lithostratigraphic studies of these cap deposits have been carried out to elucidate the effect of tectonics on the geomorphic evolution of Romushi *** mapping was carried out using GPS measurements,DEM at 30m resolution,Topographic Position Index(TPI) model,topographic maps,LANDSAT TM Imagery and field *** and morphotectonic analyses in GIS environment were used to calculate various geomorphic indices(Mountain Front Sinuosity Index,Bifurcation Ratio,Asymmetry Factor,River Profile,etc).These indices reveal that the tectonic uplift observed in the region due to Himalayan orogeny coupled with mass movement and aeolian deposition have dominated the landscape evolution of intermontane Karewa Basin of Kashmir throughout the Late Quaternary *** data from lithostratigraphic measurements were analyzed to understand the geomorphic evolution of intermontane Karewa *** data revealed that the basin has experienced differential uplift and erosion rates from time to time in the geological *** was corroborated by the results from the morphometric and morphotectonic analysis.

关键词： Himalayas Morphometry Watershed Morphotectonics Intermontane basin Remote Sensing Drainage basin Digital elevation model

Sexual dysfunctions and their treatment in liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第8期14卷 1530-1540页

作者： rakesh Kumar Jagdish Department of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant MedicineFortis Hospital NoidaNoida 201301UPIndia

Sexual dysfunction(SD)is a prevalent but very commonly ignored aspect in the treatment of liver diseases and *** etiology of SD is multifactorial and therefore treatment strategies are complex,especially in *** inhibitors are useful and effective in erectile dysfunction in males but in females,no single drug is available for SD,therefore multimodal treatment is required depending upon the *** foremost and fundamental requirement in both genders is to be stress-free and have adequate control of liver *** quality of life is helpful in improving SD and vice versa is also ***,patients suffering from liver diseases should come forward and ask for treatment for SD,and physicians should actively enquire about SD while history taking and evaluating these *** results in deterioration of quality of life,and both are modifiable and treatable aspects of liver diseases,which are never addressed actively,due to social taboos and fears of SD treatment in the presence of liver *** diagnosis of SD does not require costly investigations,as the diagnosis can be established based on validated questionnaires available for both genders,therefore detailed targeted history taking using questionnaires is *** are emerging in this area but is still at an early *** studies should be dedicated to SD in liver diseases.

关键词： Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Female sexual function index International index of erectile function Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Hepatic venous pressure gradient

Critical evaluation of two models of flow cytometers for the assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation:an appeal for performance verification

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第5期21卷 438-444页

作者： rakesh Sharma Sajal Gupta Ralf Henkel Ashok Agarwal American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA Department of Medical Bioscience University of the Western CapeBellville 7535South Africa

Lack of standardized,reproducible protocols and referencO values is among the challenges faced when using new or upgraded versions of instruments in reproductive laboratories and flow *** deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay combined with flow cytometry routinely used for diagnostic measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)is a unique *** change in the setting of the standard instrument,including upgrades of hardware or software,can lead to different results and may affect clinicians'decision for ***,we compared TUNEL results of SDF obtained from a standard(C6)flow cytometer with a newer version of the same instrument(C6 Plus)and examined the cutoff,sensitivity,and specificity without calibration(adjustment)and after *** sperm preparation and matched acquisition settings were used to examine the performance of two flow *** strength of agreement of the results between the two observers was also *** adjustment of the settings,overall concordance became high and the two cytometers showed 100%positive and negative predictive value with 100%area under the *** overall correlation coefficient observed between C6 and C6 Plus was highly significant(P99%.The in terobserver agreeme nt on C6 flow cytometer for the two observers was 0.801±0.062 and 0.746±0.044 for C6 *** demonstrated a strong agreement between the samples tested on the two flow cytometers after calibration and established the robustness of both instruments.

关键词： DNA fragmentation flow cytometer oxidative stress sperm TUNEL assay