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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第1期8卷 87-95页

作者： Chandra Prakash KALA rakesh kumar MAIKHURI Ecosystem and Environment Management Indian Institute of Forest Management G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Post.

Eeotourism aims to deliver the philosophy of sustainable development through environmental conservation as well as socio-economic development. Areas with rich biodiversity and scenic beauty, like the Indian Himalayan region, have been one of the major destination centers for nature lovers from historical time. In view of conserving the rich biodiversity and natural heritage of the Himalayan region 92 protected areas have been set aside, of these Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） is a well known world heritage site. Over a period of time establishing NDBR has invited conficts between the local people and reserve authorities on the management approaches and utilization criteria of the natural resources, especially banning the traditional bio-resource collection rights of local community, expeditions, trekking, and other anthropogenic activities in the core zones. The present study aims to understand and analyze the various people - park conflicts, and also to suggest ways to mitigate such conflicts in view of biodiversity conservation and improvement of economic status of local people by promoting eeotourism. With this view the study further discusses the various aspects of eeotourism, its pros and cons, and the avenues of developing appropriate strategies for promotion of ecotourism in buffer zone areas of NDBR.

关键词： Eeo-tourism Indian Himalaya NandaDevi Biosphere Reserve Nature conservation People-park conflicts

Physical and biochemical changes in ultra-rapid air chilled broiler muscle and quality of marinated chicken breast filets

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 315-320页

作者： rakesh K.Singh Neeraj sharma Department of Food Science and Technology University of Georgia100 Cedar StreetFood Science BuildingAthensGA30602USA

The effect of ultra-rapid chilling in air at-20℃ over water-immersion chilling on broiler carcasses was investigated for physical and biochemical ***-eight eviscerated carcasses were divided into two groups,one group were subjected to air chilling and other to water-immersion chilling,and samples were drawn at time periods of 1,3 and 24 h post-chill to analyze for pH,ratios of adenine:inosine nucleotide(R-values),expressible moisture,cook yield,tenderness and ***-rapid air chilled carcasses showed significant differences(P<0.05)in pH,expressible moisture and cook yield at chosen post-chill time intervals over the carcasses chilled using water-immersion *** was concluded that air chilled carcasses had higher pH and expressible moisture,but the R-values,and shear values did not show significant differences,and only slight difference in color of carcasses processed by the two chilling *** a separate experiment with 108 commercially processed carcasses,quality attributes of pre-rigor marinated breast filets were studied after subjecting the carcasses to air chilling and water-immersion *** filets from air and water chilled carcass aged for 1,3,and 24 h were tumble marinated for 25 min in a Sodium Tri Polyphosphate(STPP)and NaCl solution with different pick up levels of 10,15 and 20%.After measuring marinade absorption,filets were aged at 2℃ for 24 *** differences were observed between the air and water chilling treatments in terms of marinade retention at different marinade target levels(10,15 and 20%)and time intervals(24,27 and 47 h)but cook yield of air chilled marinated fillet was *** conclusion,processors using further-processing operations that debone meat may find that AC to be more suitable alternative for cooling poultry carcasses because fillet color,marination yield,and tenderness were not affected,but cook yield was improved.

关键词： Air chilling Poultry Fillet Chicken meat Marination

Design,Modeling,and Control of Biomimetic Fish Robot:A Review

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第6期16卷 967-993页

作者： Palmani Duraisamy rakesh kumar Sidharthan Manigandan Nagarajan Santhanakrishnan Robotics Laboratory Department of Electronics and Instrumentation EngineeringSASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavurTamil Nadu-613401India

A comprehensive review on bio-inspired fish robots has been done in this article with an enhanced focus on swimming styles,actuators,hydrodynamics,kinematic-dynamic modeling,and *** styles such as body and/or caudal fin and median and/or paired fin and their variants are discussed in *** shows that most fish robots adapt carangiform in body and/or caudal fin type swimming as it gives significant thrust with a maximum speed of 3.7 ms 1 in *** of smart or soft actuators to enhance real-time dynamics was studied from literature,and it was found that the robot built with polymer fiber composite material could reach a speed of 0.6 m s However,dynamic modeling is relatively complex,and material selection needs to be *** numerical and analytical methods in dynamic modeling have been investigated highlighting merits and *** parameter estimation through the data-driven model is widely used in offline,however online estimation of the same need to be *** controllers are frequently used tor navigation and stabilization,which often encounters the linearization problem and hence,can be replaced with the state-of-the-art adaptive and intelligent *** article also summarizes the potential research gaps and future scopes.

关键词： biomimetic fish robot swimming modes hydrodynamic modeling motion control smart actuators

Proteomic analysis reveals dysregulated cell sign aling in ejaculated spermatozoa from in fertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第2期21卷 121-130页

作者： Luna Samanta rakesh sharma Zhihong Cui Ashok Agarwal American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA Department of Zoology School of Life SciencesRavenshaw UniversityCuttackOdisha 753003India Institute of Toxicology The Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Dysfunctional sperm maturation is the primary reason for the poor sperm motility and morphology in infertile *** from infertile men were fractioned on three-layer density gradient(80%,60%,and 40%).Fraction 1(Fl)refers to the least mature stage having the lowest den sity,whereas the fraction 4(F4)in eludes the most dense and morphologically mature motile *** 2(F2)and fraction 3(F3)represent the intermediate *** were extracted and separated by dimensional *** were digested with trypsin and analyzed on a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer *** annotations of proteins were obtained using bioinformatics tools and pathway databases.A total of 1585 proteins were detected in the four fractions of spermatozoa.A dysregulated protein turnover and protein folding may lead to accumulation of defective proteins or proteins that otherwise would have been eliminated during the process of maturation,resulting in the impairment of sperm fun *** nt chaper one expressi on may be a major con tributing factor to the defective sperm *** n receptor was predicted as a transcription regulator in one of the networks and the affected pathways were chaperone-mediated stress response,proteosomal pathway,and sperm *** down regulation of key pathways and protei ns which compromises the fertilizi ng potential of spermatozoa may provide in sight into the mecha nisms that lead to male infertility.

关键词： androgen receptor chaperone immature sperm infertile men proteasome spermatozoa

PAPR Reduction in NOMA by Using Hybrid Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1391-1406页

作者： Mohit kumar sharma Arun kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)is gaining considerable attention due to its features,such as low out-of-band radiation,signal detection capability,high spectrum gain,fast data rate,and massive D2D *** may be considered for 5G ***,the high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)is viewed as a significant disadvantage of a NOMA waveform,and it weakens the quality of signals and the throughput of the *** this article,we introduce a modified NOMA system by employing a block of wavelet transform,an alternative to FFT(Fast Fourier transform).The modified system combines the details of fractional frequency and time analysis of NOMA *** this correspondence,we utilize an advanced partial transmission scheme(PTS),and selective mapping(SLM),and present a genetic algorithm(GA)for SLM to investigate the peak power performance of a WT-based NOMA *** performance of WT-SLM,WT-PTS,and WT-SLM-GA methods is compared with that of the traditional NOMAbased SLM and PTS *** simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively reduces PAPR in comparison with the traditional schemes.

关键词： PAPR wavelet transform NOMA PTS SLM 5G

Leishmaniasis:Current status of available drugs and new potential drug targets

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第6期5卷 485-497页

作者： Nisha Singh Manish kumar rakesh kumar Singh Molecular Immunology Laboratory Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221 005India Department of Chemistry Bose InstituteAPC RoadKolkata-700009India

The control of Leishmania infection relies primarily on chemotherapy till *** to pentavalent antimonials,which have been the recommended drugs to treat cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis,is now widespread in Indian *** drug formulations like amphotericin B,its lipid formulations,and miltefosine have shown great efGcacy to treat leishmaniasis but their high cost and therapeutic complications limit their *** addition, irregular and inappropriate uses of these second line drugs in endemic regions like state of Bihar, India threaten resistance development in the *** context to the limited drug options and unavailability of either preventive or prophylactic candidates,there is a pressing need to develop true antileishmanial drugs to reduce the disease burden of this debilitating endemic *** significant progress of leishmanial research during last few decades, identification and characterization of novel drugs and drug targets are far from *** review will initially describe current drug regimens and later will provide an overview on few important biochemical and enzymatic machineries that could be utilized as putative drug targets for generation of true antileishmanial drugs.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Drug resistance Drug targets Drugs

Effects of the type of forest alteration on gross nitrogen mineralization in soils of southern India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1689-1697页

作者： Niharika sharma Sanjeev kumar Geosciences Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabadGujarat 380009India

Change in land-use practices can result in major shifts in the cycling of various elements,particularly nitrogen(N),which is prone to anthropogenic *** quantifying these shifts,accurate measurements of rates of biogeochemical transformations of N are *** used the(^(15)N) isotope dilution technique to understand the effects of the types of forest alteration on(N) transformation rates by comparing gross N mineralization and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)) consumption rates in soils of a managed forest,an unmanaged forest,and a rubber plantation in Kerala,***,nitrate(NO_3~-) dominated soils of the managed and unmanaged forests,whereas soils in the rubber plantation showed relatively higher NH_(4)^(+) *** N(TN) and total organic carbon(TOC) concentrations were the highest under the rubber canopy(TN:1.49±0.02 mg N g^(-1);TOC:7.96±0.86 mg C g^(-1)).In soils of all three forest types,gross N mineralization rates were higher compared to NH_(4)^(+) consumption *** high TN and TOC concentrations,the rates of gross N mineralization and NH_(4)^(+) consumption were considerably lower in the rubber plantation(mineralization:1.08±0.08 mg N kg^(-1)d^(-1);consumption:0.85±0.09 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-)) compared to the managed(mineralization:3.71±0.35 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1);consumption:2.20±1.41 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) and unmanaged(mineralization:2.20±1.07 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1);consumption:1.39±0.27 mg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) *** lower NH_(4)^(+) consumption rates in the rubber plantation led to significantly higher(p<0.05) residence time of NH_(4)^(+)(~4 days) compared to the managed and unmanaged forests(<2 days),possibly contributing to acidification of rubber soils(pH~4.8).These results together suggest that replacement of naturally grown forests with a mono-cropped plantation such as rubber negatively impact rates of N transformation processes in tropical soils and imply that change in tree species composition of naturally grown forests can adve

关键词： Nitrogen Mineralization Forest soils Rubber plantation Land-use change

Punjabi DeConverter for generating Punjabi from Universal Networking Language

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2013年第3期14卷 179-196页

作者： Parteek kumar Rajendra kumar sharma Department of Computer Science & Engineering Thapar University School of Mathematics & Computer Applications Thapar University

DeConverter is core software in a Universal Networking Language(UNL) system.A UNL system has EnConverter and DeConverter as its two major *** is used to convert a natural language sentence into an equivalent UNL expression,and DeConverter is used to generate a natural language sentence from an input UNL *** paper presents design and development of a Punjabi *** describes five phases of the proposed Punjabi DeConverter,i.e.,UNL parser,lexeme selection,morphology generation,function word insertion,and syntactic *** paper also illustrates all these phases of the Punjabi DeConverter with a special focus on syntactic linearization issues of the Punjabi *** linearization is the process of defining arrangements of words in generated *** algorithms and pseudocodes for implementation of syntactic linearization of a simple UNL graph,a UNL graph with scope nodes and a node having un-traversed parents or multiple parents in a UNL graph have been discussed in this *** cases of syntactic linearization with respect to Punjabi language for UNL relations like 'and','or','fmt','cnt',and 'seq' have also been presented in this *** paper also provides implementation results of the proposed Punjabi *** DeConverter has been tested on 1000 UNL expressions by considering a Spanish UNL language server and agricultural domain threads developed by Indian Institute of Technology(IIT),Bombay,India,as *** proposed system generates 89.0% grammatically correct sentences,92.0% faithful sentences to the original sentences,and has a fluency score of 3.61 and an adequacy score of 3.70 on a 4-point *** system is also able to achieve a bilingual evaluation understudy(BLEU) score of 0.72.

关键词： DeConverter EnConverter Machine translation Universal Networking Language(UNL) Syntactic linearization

Critical evaluation of two models of flow cytometers for the assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation:an appeal for performance verification

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第5期21卷 438-444页

作者： rakesh sharma Sajal Gupta Ralf Henkel Ashok Agarwal American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195USA Department of Medical Bioscience University of the Western CapeBellville 7535South Africa

Lack of standardized,reproducible protocols and referencO values is among the challenges faced when using new or upgraded versions of instruments in reproductive laboratories and flow *** deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay combined with flow cytometry routinely used for diagnostic measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)is a unique *** change in the setting of the standard instrument,including upgrades of hardware or software,can lead to different results and may affect clinicians'decision for ***,we compared TUNEL results of SDF obtained from a standard(C6)flow cytometer with a newer version of the same instrument(C6 Plus)and examined the cutoff,sensitivity,and specificity without calibration(adjustment)and after *** sperm preparation and matched acquisition settings were used to examine the performance of two flow *** strength of agreement of the results between the two observers was also *** adjustment of the settings,overall concordance became high and the two cytometers showed 100%positive and negative predictive value with 100%area under the *** overall correlation coefficient observed between C6 and C6 Plus was highly significant(P99%.The in terobserver agreeme nt on C6 flow cytometer for the two observers was 0.801±0.062 and 0.746±0.044 for C6 *** demonstrated a strong agreement between the samples tested on the two flow cytometers after calibration and established the robustness of both instruments.

关键词： DNA fragmentation flow cytometer oxidative stress sperm TUNEL assay

Sacred groves of India:repositories of a rich heritage and tools for biodiversity conservation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 899-916页

作者： Sakshi sharma Rajesh kumar Department of Botany DAV CollegeAmritsarPunjab 143001India DAV College AmritsarPunjab 143001India

Sacred groves preserve a rich religious and socio-cultural heritage of Indian biodiversity from primeval times,due to their *** act as a bridge between man and *** help to improve soil quality,replenish water resources and are pivotal for biodiversity conservation of plants and animals including rare,endemic,threatened,vulnerable species and ethnobotanical *** of India's sacred groves are associated with a deity or a spiritual being,who protects the grove and local *** cover of these groves has traditional ethnobotanical value,especially in the field of ethnomedicine,which accounts for the conservation of groves over the *** plant species from sacred groves are used according to tradition and culture to prevent or cure various health ***,modernisation,industrialisation,increased encroachment and misuse of forest resources increasingly threaten sacred *** treasures of nature must be conserved by formulating and applying new laws and policies while creating awareness among people about the value of sacred *** this aim,we review the distribution,ecological and socio-cultural significance of sacred groves of India and strategies to conserve them.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Endemic Ethnobotany Ethnomedicine