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Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 872-912页

作者： Mudasir A.kumar Sadaf K.Baba Hana Q.Sadida Sara Al.Marzooqi Jayakumar Jerobin Faisal H.Altemani Naseh Algehainy Mohammad A.Alanazi Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra rakesh kumar Ammira S.Al-Shabeeb Akil Muzafar A.Macha Rashid Mir Ajaz A.Bhat Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaKashmir 192122India Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Obesity and Cancer ProgramSidra MedicineDohaQatar Qatar Metabolic Institute Academic Health SystemHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical ResearchFaculty of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia School of Biotechnology Shri Mata Vaishno Devi UniversityKatraIndia

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nano-sized,membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space.They exhibit diverse sizes,contents,and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions.Human serum is a rich source of these EVs,though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges.These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins,mRNAs,miRNAs,DNA,and lipids across distances,influencing numerous physiological and pathological events,including those within the tumor microenvironment(TME).Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents,drug delivery systems,and disease biomarkers.Especially in cancer diagnostics,EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers.Moreover,various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools,highlighting their potential clinical significance.The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled.Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future.In this review,we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions,including cancers(encompassing head and neck,lung,gastric,breast,and hepatocellular carcinoma),neurodegenerative disorders,diabetes,viral infections,autoimmune and renal diseases,emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.

关键词： diseases sized sizes

Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile: Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第7期30卷 653-663页

作者： Surendra kumar Gautam rakesh kumar Paul Devesh M.Sawant Amita Sarwal Kaisar Raza Department of Pharmacy School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy Central University of Rajasthan University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University

Balanites aegyptiaca Delile(BA) is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi(Hingot). It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria, Africa, South Asia and India(Rajasthan). In Ayurveda, this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice, syphilis, yellow fever, metabolic disorders, liver, and spleen problems. The main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of mankind. As per the literature survey, various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence, chemical constituents, nano-formulations, commercialized products, and clinical trials. Several remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin, yamogenin, balanitin1/2, balanitin 3, bal4/5, bal6/7, rutin-3-glycosides, 3,7-diglycosides,(3, 12, 14, 16)–(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been identified. Additionally, this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo. Based on the complete review of this plant, most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel part. Additionally, based on the literature, a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological activity. As a spinous desert dates, this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.

关键词： Delile desert date phytochemicals nano-phytopharmaceutical pharmacological activities traditional medicine

DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF AN INNOVATION DIFFUSION MODEL WITH INTRA-SPECIFIC COMPETITION BETWEEN COMPETING ADOPTERS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第1期42卷 364-386页

作者： rakesh kumar Anuj kumar SHARMA Govind Prasad SAHU Department of Applied Sciences Shaheed Bhagat Singh State UniversityFerozepurPunjab 152004India Department of Mathematics L.R.D.A.V.CollegeJagraonLudhianaPunjab 142026India Center for Basic Sciences Pt Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipur(Chhattisgarh).India

In this paper,we proposed an innovation diffusion model with three compartments to investigate the diffusion of an innovation(product)in a particular region.The model exhibits two equilibria,namely,the adopter-free and an interior equilibrium.The existence and local stability of the adopter-free and interior equilibria are explored in terms of the effective Basic Influence Number(BIN)R_(A).It is investigated that the adopter free steady-state is stable if R_(A)<1.By consideringτ(the adoption experience of the adopters)as the bifurcation parameter,we have been able to obtain the critical value ofτresponsible for the periodic solutions due to Hopf bifurcation.The direction and stability analysis of bifurcating periodic solutions has been performed by using the arguments of normal form theory and the center manifold theorem.Exhaustive numerical simulations in the support of analytical results have been presented.

关键词： intra-specific competition basic influence number local stability Hopf-bifurcation normal form theory center manifold theorem

Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers:bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 877-897页

作者： KARAN WADHWA PAYAL CHAUHAN SHOBHIT kumar rakesh PAHWA RAVINDER VERMA RAJAT GOYAL GOVIND SINGH ARCHANA SHARMA NEHA RAO DEEPAK KAUSHIK Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak124001India Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology(MIET)NH-58Delhi-Roorkee HighwayMeerut250005India Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra136119India Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chaudhary Bansi Lal UniversityBhiwani127021India MM College of Pharmacy Maharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Mullana-AmbalaHaryana133207India Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University(DIPSAR) Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew Delhi110017India

Background:Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is recognized as the most lethal and most highly invasive tumor.The high likelihood of treatment failure arises fromthe presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and stemcells around GBM,which avert the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumormass.Objective:Recently,several researchers have designed novel nanocarrier systems like liposomes,dendrimers,metallic nanoparticles,nanodiamonds,and nanorobot approaches,allowing drugs to infiltrate the BBB more efficiently,opening up innovative avenues to prevail over therapy problems and radiation therapy.Methods:Relevant literature for this manuscript has been collected from a comprehensive and systematic search of databases,for example,PubMed,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and others,using specific keyword combinations,including“glioblastoma,”“brain tumor,”“nanocarriers,”and several others.Conclusion:This review also provides deep insights into recent advancements in nanocarrier-based formulations and technologies for GBM management.Elucidation of various scientific advances in conjunction with encouraging findings concerning the future perspectives and challenges of nanocarriers for effective brain tumor management has also been discussed.

关键词： Glioblastoma Brain tumor Blood-brain barrier Liposomes Metallic nanoparticles Nanocarriers

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fluid collection drainage: Where are we?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 273-281页

作者： Anupam kumar Singh Manish Manrai rakesh Kochhar Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Gastroenterology Command HospitalLucknow 226002India Department of Gastroenterology Paras HospitalPanchkula 134109India

Pancreatic fluid collections(PFCs)result from injury to the pancreas from acute or chronic pancreatitis,surgery,or trauma.Management of these collections has evolved over the last 2 decades.The choice of interventions includes percu-taneous,endoscopic,minimally invasive surgery,or a combined approach.Endoscopic drainage is the drainage of PFCs by creating an artificial communi-cation between the collection and gastrointestinal lumen that is maintained by placing a stent across the fistulous tract.In this editorial,we endeavored to update the current status of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of PFCs.

关键词： Pancreatic fluid collections Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage Endoscopic necrosectomy Lumen apposing metal stent Review

A Key Management Scheme Using(p,q)-Lucas Polynomials in Wireless Sensor Network

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China Communications 2021年第11期18卷 210-228页

作者： Amit kumar Gautam rakesh kumar Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur-273001India

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)has witnessed an unpredictable growth for the last few decades.It has many applications in various critical sectors such as real-time monitoring of nuclear power plant,disaster management,environment,military area etc.However,due to the distributed and remote deployment of sensor nodes in such networks,they are highly vulnerable to different security threats.The sensor network always needs a proficient key management scheme to secure data because of resourceconstrained nodes.Existing polynomial based key management schemes are simple,but the computational complexity is a big issue.Lucas polynomials,Fibonacci polynomials,Chebychev polynomials are used in Engineering,Physics,Combinatory and Numerical analysis etc.In this paper,we propose a key management scheme using(p,q)-Lucas polynomial to improve the security of WSN.In(p,q)-Lucas polynomial,p represents a random base number while q represents a substitute value of x in the polynomial.The value of p is unique,and q is different according to communication between nodes.Analysis of the proposed method on several parameters such as computational overhead,efficiency and storage cost have been performed and compared with existing related schemes.The analysis demonstrates that the proposed(p,q)-Lucas polynomial based key management scheme outperforms over other polynomials in terms of the number of keys used and efficiency.

关键词： key management lucas polynomial WSN security pairwise key distribution key generation hierarchical key management

STABILITY AND BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF A DELAYED INNOVATION DIFFUSION MODEL

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2018年第2期38卷 709-732页

作者： rakesh kumar Anuj kumar SHARMA Kulbhushan A GNIHOTRI Department of Applied Sciences S.B.S. State Technical Campus Ferozepur Punjab 152004 India Research Scholar with I.K.G. Punjab Technical University Kapurthala Punjab 144603 India Department of Mathematics L.R.D.A. V. College Jagraon Ludhiana Punjab 142026 India

In this article, a nonlinear mathematical model for innovation diffusion with stage structure which incorporates the evaluation stage （time delay） is proposed. The model is analyzed by considering the effects of external as well as internal influences and other demographic processes such as emigration, intrinsic growth rate, death rate, etc. The asymptotical stability of the various equilibria is investigated. By analyzing the exponential characteristic equation with delay-dependent coefficients obtained through the variational matrix, it is found that Hopf bifurcation occurs when the evaluation period （time delay, T） passes through a critical value. Applying the normal form theory and the center manifold argument, we de- rive the explicit formulas determining the properties of the bifurcating periodic solutions. To illustrate our theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations are also included.

关键词： Innovation diffusion model stability analysis Hopf-bifurcation normal form theory center manifold theorem

Establishment of magneto-dielectric effect and magneto-resistance in composite of PLT and Ba-based U-type hexaferrite

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2023年第5期13卷 42-47页

作者： Kanika Aggarwal Madan Sharma Shubhpreet Kaur Vishal Arora Indu Sharma rakesh kumar Anupinder Singh Department of Physics Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Longowal 148106PunjabIndia Multifunctional Materials Laboratory Department of PhysicsGuru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005PunjabIndia Department of Physics and Electronics Hindu College Amritsar 143001PunjabIndia Department of Physics Career Point UniversityHamirpur 176041 Himachal PradeshIndia Ludhiana Group of Colleges Affiliated by IKGPTU Kapurthala 140407 PunjabIndia

We are examining the behavior of a composite made of ferroelectrics with strong dielectric properties and ferrites with magnetic properties due to the rising need for materials for multipurpose devices.Many application avenues will be favored by the pairing of these materials’individual qualities with one another.Perovskite and U-type hexaferrite composite materials have been chosen for this study based on their magnetic and dielectric properties.The composites,(1−x)PLT−x(Ba1−3xNd2x)4Co2Fe36O60 where x=0.52,0.54,0.56,0.58 are prepared by solid state reaction method and phase formation was examined.Consideration has been given to the magnetic,dielectric,and magneto-dielectric properties.This work has established the link between the electric and magnetic domains while applying electric and magnetic forces to the materials.The magneto-dielectric research revealed magneto-electric coupling in all of the samples.However,the sample shows the maximum coupling for x=0.54 with MDR%values of 93.17%,which might be because this sample appears to have a high magneto-resistance(161%).

关键词： Perovskite U-type hexaferrite magneto-dielectric effect magneto-resistance response

Common effluent treatment plant(CETP):Reliability analysis and performance evaluation

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Water Science and Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 205-213页

作者： Ashwini V.Padalkar rakesh kumar CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Mumbai 400018India

Common effluent treatment plants(CETPs) have been installed and are in operation at numerous industrial clusters throughout India. They serve to reduce effluent treatment cost, provide better collective treatment, and reduce land cost for small-scale industrial facilities that cannot afford individual treatment plants. Optimum working conditions for treatment of effluent to be at par with discharge standards is a major mandate for any CETP. In this study, the reliability and removal efficiencies(REs) of a CETP in the industrial area of Maharashtra State in India were examined. An established methodology was adopted to determine the effectiveness of the CETP in terms of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), chemical oxygen demand(COD), total suspended solids(TSS), and oil and grease(O&G) concentrations. The CETP's compliance with respect to design standards and its operation were studied in detail. This paper highlights the results of RE and the coefficient of determination(R2) values obtained from the CETP data, estimates the pollutants removed at the highest and lowest rates over a period of time, and highlights the reasons for problem areas along with remedial measures. It was observed that, except O&G, all the parameters(BOD, COD, and TSS)showed fluctuations in removal efficiencies and their reliabilities. This situation can be improved by releasing effluent containing hydraulic and organic loading to the CETP as per standards and optimizing treatment processes, especially primary clari-flocculators and aeration tanks, both of which are important units of any CETP.

关键词： Aeration tank Clari-flocculator Coefficient of reliability Coefficient of variation Common effluent treatment plant Removal efficiency Reliability analysis