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Endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 1-7页

作者： Sahib Singh Saurabh Chandan rakesh Vinayek Jahnvi Dhar Jayanta Samanta Gabriele Capurso Ivo Boskoski Cristiano Spada Jorge D Machicado Stefano Francesco Crinò Antonio Facciorusso Department of Internal Medicine Sinai HospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68131United States Department of Gastroenterology Sinai Hospital of BaltimoreBaltimoreMD 21215United States Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Division of Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilano 20132Italy Digestive Endoscopy Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore di RomaCenter for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and TrainingRoma 00168Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Catholic UniversityRoma 00168Italy Department of Gastroenterology University of Michigan HealthAnn ArborMI 48107United States Department of Endoscopy University of VeronaVerona 37121VenetoItaly Gastroenterology Unit Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy

Pancreatic cysts are mostly incidental findings on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans,with few patients presenting with abdominal pain or other *** accurate diagnosis of cysts is important as management depends on the type(neoplastic or non-neoplastic).Cross-sectional imaging is fast being replaced with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)and various techniques based on that such as EUS-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-guided needle confocal laser endomicroscopy,EUS-through-the-needle biopsy,and contrast-enhanced *** studies have reported varying diagnostic and adverse event rates with these *** addition,American,European,and Kyoto guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts have provided different *** this editorial,we elaborate on the clinical guidelines,recent studies,and comparison of different endoscopic methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Fine needle aspiration Needle confocal laser endomicroscopy Through-the-needle biopsy Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound

Novel Hydrodynamic Analysis Towards Capabilities Improvement of Bio-inspired Underwater Vehicles Using Momentum Redistribution Method

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第2期19卷 314-330页

作者： rakesh Rayapureddi Santanu Mitra Mechanical Engineering Department Shiv Nadar UniversityDelhi-NCR 201314NoidaIndia

This paper presents an efficient and versatile OpenFOAM(Open-source Field Operation And Manipulation)-based numerical solver for fully resolved simulations that can handle any rigid and deforming bodies moving in the *** algorithm used for solving Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSI)involving the immersed structure with changeable shapes is based on the momentum redistribution *** present approach excludes the need to solve elastic equations,obtain high-accuracy predictions of the flow field and provide a rigorous basis for implementing the Immersed Boundary Method(IBM).The OpenFOAM implementation of the algorithm is discussed along with the design methodology for developing bio-inspired underwater vehicles using the present *** computational results are validated with the experimental observations of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional anguilliform swimmer case *** study further extended to the three-dimensional hydrodynamics of a bioinspired,self-propelling manta *** motion of the body is specified a priori according to the reported experimental *** results quantify the vortex formation and shedding processes and enable the identification of the portions of the body responsible for the majority of *** body accelerates from rest to an asymptotic mean forward velocity of 0.2 ms^(-1)in almost 5 s,consistent with experimental *** is observed that the developed computational model is capable of performing any motion simulation and manoeuvrability analysis,which are critical for the designers to develop novel unmanned underwater vehicles.

关键词： Momentum redistribution method OpenFOAM Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) Immersed Boundary Method(IBM) Anguilliform swimming Manta bot

Properties of filaments in solar cycle 20-23 from McIntosh Archive

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第6期19卷 43-50页

作者： rakesh Mazumder Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata

A filament is a cool, dense structure suspended in the solar corona. The eruption of a filament is often associated with a coronal mass ejection(CME), which has an adverse effect on space weather. Hence,research on filaments has attracted much attention in the recent past. The tilt angle of active region(AR)magnetic bipoles is a crucial parameter in the context of the solar dynamo, which governs the conversion efficiency of the toroidal magnetic field to poloidal magnetic field. Filaments always form over polarity inversion lines(PILs), so the study of tilt angles for these filaments can provide valuable information about generation of a magnetic field in the Sun. We investigate the tilt angles of filaments and other properties using McIntosh Archive data. We fit a straight line to each filament to estimate its tilt angle. We examine the variation of mean tilt angle with time. The latitude distribution of positive tilt angle filaments and negative tilt angle filaments reveals that there is a dominance of positive tilt angle filaments in the southern hemisphere and negative tilt angle filaments dominate in the northern hemisphere. We study the variation of the mean tilt angle for low and high latitudes separately. Investigations of temporal variation with filament number indicate that total filament number and low latitude filament number vary cyclically, in phase with the solar cycle. There are fewer filaments at high latitudes and they also show a cyclic pattern in temporal variation. We also study the north-south asymmetry of filaments with different latitude criteria.

关键词： Sun filaments,prominences-Sun magnetic fields-Sun corona-Sun activity-(Sun:)sunspots

Analysis of Age Dependent Effects of Heat Stress on EEG Frequency Components in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期22卷 141-150页

作者： rakesh KUMAR SINHA Department of Biomedical Instrumentation Birla Institute of Technology

Objective To demonstrate changes in different frequencies of cerebral electrical activity or electroencephalogram （EEG） following exposure to high environmental heat in three different age groups of freely moving rats. Methods Rats were divided into three groups （i） acute heat stress - subjected to a single exposure for four hours at 38 ℃; （ii） chronic heat stress exposed for 21 days daily for one hour at 38 ℃, and （iii） handling control groups. The digital polygraphic sleep-EEG recordings were performed just after the heat exposure from acute stressed rats and on 22nd day from chronic stressed rats by simultaneous recording of cortical EEG, EOG （electrooculogram）, and EMG （electromyogram）. Further, power spectrum analyses were performed to analyze the effects of heat stress. Results The frequency analysis of EEG signals following exposure to high environmental heat revealed that in all three age groups of rats, changes in higher frequency components （β2） were significant in all sleep-wake states following both acute and chronic heat stress conditions. After exposure to acute heat, significant changes in EEG frequencies with respect to their control groups were observed, which were reversed partly or fully in four hours of EEG recording. On the other hand, due to repetitive chronic exposure to hot environment, adaptive and long-term changes in EEG frequency patterns were observed. Conclusion The present study has exhibited that the cortical EEG is sensitive to environmental heat and alterations in EEG frequencies in different sleep-wake states due to heat stress can be differentiated efficiently by EEG power spectrum analysis.

关键词： Electroencephalogram Heat stress Power spectrum Sleep Rats

Deforestation and forest fragmentation in the highlands of Eastern Ghats,India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1127-1138页

作者： rakesh Paul Kakoli Banerjee Central University of Orissa KoraputOdishaIndia

Tropical forest cover change along with increasing fragmentation has detrimental effects on the global *** the current study change in both forest cover and fragmentation of Koraput district have been assessed in the past three decades(1987-2017)and future decade(2017-2027),which has been modelled using logistic regression showing a gradual decrease in the forest cover and increase in *** long term deforestation rates from 1987 to 2017(current period)and from 1987 to 2027(predicted period)were found to be-0.018 and-0.012,*** of the total geographical area,2027 number of grids(1 km^(2))out of 8856 grids were found to have shown extinction of forest in the study *** conversion of forested lands into other land uses has been one of the major causes of deforestation in Koraput,especially because of the increasing mining activities and establishment of three major industries namely National Aluminium Company(NALCO),Damanjodi,Hindustan Aeronautics Limited(HAL),Sunabeda and Ballarpur Industries Limited(BILT).The forest fragmentation reveals a negative trend,recording highest conversion from large core fragments to edge(191.33 km2)and the predicted period has also shown the same trend of negative change,which poses serious danger to the structure of the *** of all the landscape matrices calculated,number of patches will increase to 214 in 2027 from 93 in *** the test between geographically weighted regression(GWR)and ordinary least square regression(OLS),GWR was the better fit model for drawing a spatial relationship between forest cover and fragmentation *** study confirmed that the forest cover change has impacted the forest fragmentation in the study *** programmes like REDD+should be implemented along with the experiences of Community Forest Management and the joint forest management should be intensified at community level in order to develop better management practices to conserve habitats in biodi

关键词： Forest cover Forest ecosystem Predictive model Forest fragmentation Grid based change Geographically weighted regression

Epigenetic regulation of genes during development: A conserved themefrom flies to mammals

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第7期35卷 413-429页

作者： Dasari Vasanthi rakesh K Mishra Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India

Eukaryotic genome is organized in form of chromatin within the nucleus. This organization is important for compaction of DNA as well as for the proper expression of the genes. During early embryonic development, genomic packaging receives variety of signals to eventually set up cell type specific expression patterns of genes. This process of regulated chromatinization leads to ＂cell type specific epigenomes＂. The expression states attained during differentiation process need to be maintained subsequently throughout the life of the organism. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for chromatin dependent regulatory mechanism and play a key role in maintenance of the expression state-a process referred to as cellular memory. Another key feature in the packaging of the genome is formation of chromatin domains that are thought to be structural as well as functional units of the higher order chromatin organization. Boundary elements that function to define such domains set the limits of regulatory elements and that of epigenetic modifications. This connection of epigenetic modification, chromatin structure and genome organization has emerged from several studies. Hox genes are among the best studied in this context and have led to the significant understanding of the epigenetic regulation during development. Here we discuss the evolutionarily conserved features of epigenetic mechanisms emerged from studies on homeotic gene clusters.

关键词： epigenetic Hox cluster chromatin boundary Polycomb group tirthorax group cellular memory

Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 241-266页

作者： rakesh DUMARU Hugo RODRIGUES Humberto VARUM CONSTRUCT-LESE Faculty of Engineering(FEUP)University of PortoPorto 4200-465Portugal RISCO School of Technology and ManagementPolytechnic Institute of LeiriaLeiria 2411-901Portugal

The present study investigates the vulnerability assessment of the prototype revised Mandatory Rule of Thumb(MRT)buildings initially designed and detailed for three storeys bare frame building;later modified through variable number of storeys(three,four,and five)and different arrangement of infill walls(bare frame,soft-storey,irregular infilled,and fully infilled).The application of infill walls increases the fundamental frequencies,stiffness,and maximum strength capacity,but reduces the deformation capability than the bare frame *** vulnerability was also reduced through infill walls,where the probability of exceeding partial-collapse and collapse damage reduced by 80% and 50%,***,the increased in storeys(three to five)also increases the failure probability,such that partial-collapse and collapse for fully infilled increases by almost 55% and 80%,*** obtained results and discussions concluded that the structural sections and details assigned for MRT building is not sufficient if considered as bare frame and *** increase in number of storeys causes building highly vulnerable although the infill walls were considered.

关键词： mid-rise buildings revised NBC 205:2012 masonry infill walls configurations of infill walls vulnerability assessment and inter-storey drift

Research on the Block Repeated-OFDMA

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China Communications 2008年第3期5卷 95-98,10页

作者： rakesh Tamrakar Datang Mobile Telecommunications Equipment Co.Ltd

In this paper a new multiple access technology based on OFDM is introduced.

关键词： Research on the Block Repeated-OFDMA In PRB CDMA

Medicinal Effects, Phytochemistry,Pharmacology of Euphorbia prostrata and Promising MolecularMechanisms

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期30卷 181-192页

作者： Nirmala Kumari Yadav rakesh Yadav Department of Pharmacy Banasthali VidyapithBanasthali(304022)RajasthanIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Indira Gandhi UniversityMeerpurRewari(122502)HaryanaIndia National Forensic Sciences University Tripura CampusAgartala(799001)TripuraIndia

Euphorbiaceae is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms with diverse genera including Euphorbia prostrata(***).Current research has provided scientific evidence for traditional uses of *** against diverse pathological conditions such as anti-hemorrhoidal,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,wound healing,antioxidant,antibacterial,leishmanicidal,antitumor activity,and so *** phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of glycosides,phytosterols,flavonoids,polyphenols,tannins,and anthraquinones with chemical structures elucidation of their respective *** uniqueness of such multifactorial compounds present in this species endorses it as the potent therapeutic or prophylactic choice for several fatal *** ethnomedical applications served as a significant citation for pharmacology,the molecular mechanism has not been reviewed *** present paper provides a comprehensive review of research outcomes,pharmacology,toxicology,and molecular signaling of phytochemicals of *** species as a reference for relevant *** study of bioactive compounds in crude extracts and fractions,the demonstration of primary mechanisms of pharmacology,along with the addition of toxicity,and clinical trials,should be conceded in *** review underlines the *** species that can be a promising phytomedicine since we are committed to excavating more intensely into their pharmacological role.

关键词： Euphorbia prostrata Euphorbiaceae phytochemicals ethnomedical applications toxicology molecularmechanism