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Medicinal Effects, Phytochemistry,Pharmacology of Euphorbia prostrata and Promising MolecularMechanisms

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期30卷 181-192页

作者： Nirmala kumari Yadav rakesh Yadav Department of Pharmacy Banasthali VidyapithBanasthali(304022)RajasthanIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Indira Gandhi UniversityMeerpurRewari(122502)HaryanaIndia National Forensic Sciences University Tripura CampusAgartala(799001)TripuraIndia

Euphorbiaceae is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms with diverse genera including Euphorbia prostrata(E.prostrata).Current research has provided scientific evidence for traditional uses of E.prostrata against diverse pathological conditions such as anti-hemorrhoidal,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,wound healing,antioxidant,antibacterial,leishmanicidal,antitumor activity,and so on.The phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of glycosides,phytosterols,flavonoids,polyphenols,tannins,and anthraquinones with chemical structures elucidation of their respective compounds.The uniqueness of such multifactorial compounds present in this species endorses it as the potent therapeutic or prophylactic choice for several fatal diseases.Although ethnomedical applications served as a significant citation for pharmacology,the molecular mechanism has not been reviewed yet.The present paper provides a comprehensive review of research outcomes,pharmacology,toxicology,and molecular signaling of phytochemicals of E.prostrata species as a reference for relevant researchers.The study of bioactive compounds in crude extracts and fractions,the demonstration of primary mechanisms of pharmacology,along with the addition of toxicity,and clinical trials,should be conceded in depth.This review underlines the E.prostrata species that can be a promising phytomedicine since we are committed to excavating more intensely into their pharmacological role.

关键词： Euphorbia prostrata Euphorbiaceae phytochemicals ethnomedical applications toxicology molecularmechanism

Atherosclerotic plaque classification in carotid ultrasound images using machine learning and explainable deep learning

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 83-95页

作者： Soni Singh Pankaj k.jain Neeraj Sharma Mausumi Pohit Sudipta Roy School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences Gautam Buddha UniversityGreater NoidaUttar PradeshIndia Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Jio Institute Navi MumbaiMaharashtraIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia

Objective The incidence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)is rising rapidly worldwide.Some forms of CVD,such as stroke and heart attack,are more common among patients with certain conditions.Atherosclerosis development is a major factor underlying cardiovascular events,such as heart attack and stroke,and its early detection may prevent such events.Ultrasound imaging of carotid arteries is a useful method for diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques;however,an automated method to classify atherosclerotic plaques for evaluation of early-stage CVD is needed.Here,we propose an automated method for classification of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound images.Methods Five deep learning(DL)models(VGG16,ResNet-50,GoogLeNet,XceptionNet,and SqueezeNet)were used for automated classification and the results compared with those of a machine learning(ML)-based technique,involving extraction of 23 texture features from ultrasound images and classification using a Support Vector Machine classifier.To enhance model interpretability,output gradient-weighted convolutional activation maps(GradCAMs)were generated and overlayed on original images.Results A series of indices,including accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,F1-score,Cohen-kappa index,and area under the curve values,were calculated to evaluate model performance.GradCAM output images allowed visualization of the most significant ultrasound image regions.The GoogLeNet model yielded the highest accuracy(98.20%).Conclusion ML models may be also suitable for applications requiring low computational resource.Further,DL models could be more completely automated than ML models.

关键词： Explainable deep learning Carotid artery Classification VGG 16 ResNet-50 GoogLeNet XceptionNet SqueezeNet

Surface Modification Aspects for Improving Biomedical Properties in Implants:A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第2期37卷 213-241页

作者： J.Sharath kumar rakesh kumar Rajeev Verma Industrial and Production Department Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology JalandharJalandharPunjab144008India

The primary focus during surgery is to ensure successful implantation by achieving long-term and stable fixation of implants.Orthopaedic surgery is now more focused on the development of novel biomaterials intended to improve implant performance.To obtain a better understanding of metal implants,this article investigated the causes of material failures in certain cases and analysed a few case studies.The interaction between the implant and bone tissue was a crucial aspect of successful implantation,and this study explored the factors influencing this interaction as well as ways to improve it.Several modern approaches used for modifying implant surfaces were systematically illustrated and briefly analysed.Thermal spray coatings were often favoured because of their wide range of coating materials,but other substantial surface modifications(such as friction stir processing and laser surface texturing)were also used for a selection of applications.Notably,implant surfaces with desirable features,such as biocompatibility,antibacterial properties,corrosion resistance,and wear resistance,were essential for optimising implant functionality.This systematic review's main aim is to provide exhaustive reference information and a broad overview to advance the production and design of orthopaedic implants.

关键词： Biomaterials Surface treatments Thermal spray coatings Antibacterial Biocompatibility Corrosion resistance Wear resistance

Effect of weight-adjusted antimicrobial antibiotic prophylaxis on postoperative dosage and surgical site infection incidence in total joint arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第4期15卷 318-320页

作者： Ashim Gupta Vijay kumar jain Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Future BiologicsLawrencevilleGA 30043United States Department of Orthopaedics South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute(STORI Inc.)LaredoTX 78045United States Department of Regenerative Medicine BioIntegrateLawrencevilleGA 30043United States Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Regenerative OrthopaedicsNoida 201301India Department of Orthopaedics Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical SciencesDr Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew Delhi 110001India

Surgical site infections(SSI)following total joint arthroplasty pose a significant concern for both providers and patients across the globe.Currently,administration of antimicrobial antibiotic prophylaxis is used throughout the world to reduce the incidence of SSI.However,the correct dosage and frequency of administration remains debatable.In this editorial,we emphasized the determination of the effect of administration of weight-adjusted antimicrobial antibiotic prophylaxis regime on the incidence of SSI and postoperative dosage reduction compared to the conventionally used regime during total joint arthroplasty.The results demonstrated similar efficacy between both regimes with respect to the incidence of SSI.In addition,weight-adjustment led to reduced postoperative dosage and has the potential to reduce chances of achieving lower therapeutic concentration,drug resistance,drug toxicity,and costs.

关键词： Antibiotics Antimicrobial prophylaxis Weight-adjusted Surgical site infections Total joint arthroplasty knee arthroplasty Hip arthroplasty

Autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics:Different types and their effectiveness in managing knee osteoarthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 400-403页

knees are the most commonly impacted weight-bearing joints in osteoarthritis(OA),affecting millions of people worldwide.With increasing life spans and obesity rates,the incidence of knee OA will further increase,leading to a significant increase in the economic burden.Conventional treatment modalities utilized to manage knee OA have limitations.Over the last decade,the role of various autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics(APBOs)for the treatment of knee OA has been extensively investigated.This editorial provided an overview and focused on defining and shedding light on the current state of evidence based on the most recent published clinical studies concerning the use of APBO for the management of knee OA.While numerous studies have demonstrated promising results for these preparations,a notable gap exists in the comparative analysis of these diverse formulations.This absence of head-to-head studies poses a considerable challenge for physicians/surgeons in determining the optimal preparation for managing knee OA and achieving sustained longterm results.Thus,more adequately powered,multicenter,prospective,doubleblind,randomized controlled trials with longer follow-ups are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and to aid physicians/surgeons in determining the optimal APBO for the management of knee OA.

关键词： knee osteoarthritis Platelet-rich plasma Platelet lysate Autologous conditioned serum Gold-induced cytokine Plasma rich in growth factors Growth factor concentrate Autologous protein solution Platelet-rich fibrin Hyperacute serum

Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile: Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第7期30卷 653-663页

作者： Surendra kumar Gautam rakesh kumar Paul Devesh M.Sawant Amita Sarwal kaisar Raza Department of Pharmacy School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy Central University of Rajasthan University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University

Balanites aegyptiaca Delile(BA) is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi(Hingot). It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria, Africa, South Asia and India(Rajasthan). In Ayurveda, this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice, syphilis, yellow fever, metabolic disorders, liver, and spleen problems. The main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of mankind. As per the literature survey, various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence, chemical constituents, nano-formulations, commercialized products, and clinical trials. Several remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin, yamogenin, balanitin1/2, balanitin 3, bal4/5, bal6/7, rutin-3-glycosides, 3,7-diglycosides,(3, 12, 14, 16)–(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been identified. Additionally, this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo. Based on the complete review of this plant, most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel part. Additionally, based on the literature, a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological activity. As a spinous desert dates, this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.

关键词： Delile desert date phytochemicals nano-phytopharmaceutical pharmacological activities traditional medicine

Nasogastric tube syndrome:A Meta-summary of case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 119-129页

作者： Deven Juneja Prashant Nasa Gunjan Chanchalani Ravi jain Department of Critical Care Medicine Max Super Speciality HospitalNew Delhi 110017India Department of Critical Care Medicine NMC Specialty HospitalDubai 7832United Arab Emirates Department of Critical Care Medicine Karamshibhai Jethabhai Somaiya Hospital and Research CentreMumbai 400022India Department of Critical Care Medicine Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and HospitalJaipur 302022RajasthanIndia

BACkGROUND Since its description in 1790 by Hunter,the nasogastric tube(NGT)is commonly used in any healthcare setting for alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms or enteral feeding.However,the risks associated with its placement are often underes-timated.Upper airway obstruction with a NGT is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication.NGT syndrome is characterized by the presence of an NGT,throat pain and vocal cord(VC)paralysis,usually bilateral.It is poten-tially life–threatening,and early diagnosis is the key to the prevention of fatal upper airway obstruction.However,fewer cases may have been reported than might have occurred,primarily due to the clinicians'unawareness.The lack of specific signs and symptoms and the inability to prove temporal relation with NGT insertion has made diagnosing the syndrome quite challenging.AIM To review and collate the data from the published case reports and case series to understand the possible risk factors,early warning signs and symptoms for timely detection to prevent the manifestation of the complete syndrome with life-threatening airway obstruction.METHODS We conducted a systematic search for this meta-summary from the database of PubMed,EMBASE,Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/)and Google scholar,from all the past studies till August 2023.The search terms included major MESH terms"Nasogastric tube","Intubation,Gastrointestinal","Vocal Cord Paralysis",and“Syndrome”.All the case reports and case series were evaluated,and the data were extracted for patient demographics,clinical symptomatology,diagnostic and therapeutic interventions,clinical course and outcomes.A datasheet for evaluation was further prepared.RESULTS Twenty-seven cases,from five case series and 13 case reports,of NGT syndrome were retrieved from our search.There was male predominance(17,62.96%),and age at presentation ranged from 28 to 86 years.Ten patients had diabetes mellitus(37.04%),and nine were hypertensive(33.33%).Only three(11.11%)patients were reported to be immunocompromised.

关键词： Nasogastric tube Nasogastric tube syndrome Ryle’s tube Sofferman syndrome Vocal cord paralysis

Bio-analysis of Saliva Using Paper Devices and Colorimetric Assays

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第1期8卷 114-132页

作者： Adhan Narasimhan Harshil jain kowshika Muniandy Raja Chinnappan Naresh kumar Mani Microfluidics Sensors and Diagnostics(μSenD)LaboratoryCentre for MicrofluidicsBiomarkersPhotoceutics&Sensors(μBioPS)Department of BiotechnologyManipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India College of Medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533SaudiArabia Tissue/Organ Bioengineering&BioMEMS Lab Organ Transplant Centre of ExcellenceTransplant Research&Innovation DepartmentKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia

In light of the evolving nature of various diseases,time becomes a crucial factor in diagnosis and identifying the underlying causes.A point-of-care device provides a rapid diagnosis of a disease without using complex and advanced instruments,which are costly and difficult to transport.A paper-based device is a relatively frugal solution wherein the paper is used as a substratum in which the reactions are carried out.These methods are non-invasive,and the sample collection is relatively easy.Saliva is one such body fluid in which various biomarkers are present for numerous diseases.Bioanalysis of saliva has attracted more attention recently due to its non-invasiveness and robustness.Exploiting the discovery of clinical biomarkers from salivary analysis has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector by providing crucial information to monitor the health status of individuals and disease progression which enables personalized treatment.This review provides the limitation of the traditional methods in clinical applications and highlights the significance of saliva as a non-invasive biological fluid that is a source of multiple biomarkers associated with various diseases.It also provides insights into the different paper-based colorimetric microfluidic devices developed against salivary biomarkers in the past decade.The major challenges in the point-of-care application and the future prospects have been discussed as well.Further,we also emphasize the importance of this approach in dental disease diagnosis which is least explored and holds potential applications.

关键词： Paper-based assay Salivary analysis Non-invasive Point-of-care Body fluids Biomarkers Qualitative detection

Optimization of gas lift system for well performance improvement in Asmari formation:A techno-economic perspective

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 115-124页

作者： Hari Sreenivasan Jash Patel Dev jain Setu Patel Isaac Wilson Shanker krishna Drilling Cementing&Stimulation(DCS)Research CentreDepartment of Petroleum EngineeringSchool of Energy Technology(SoET)Pandit Deendayal Energy University(PDEU)Knowledge CorridorRaysanGandhinagarGujarat382426India

Well productivity in the Asmari carbonate formation of southwest Iran has decreased in recent years as a result of production issues.The production rate must be maintained below 1500 STB/day to prevent water coning.In this study,a gas lift well is modeled using data from one of the producing wells of this field.Nodal analysis is performed using lift-gas injection rates and wellhead pressures at different reservoir pressures and water cut conditions to optimize production.Economic aspects are considered to optimize the artificial gas injection rates at different tubing head pressures and water cut conditions.Increasing the lift-gas injection rate from 0.4 MMscf/day to 1 MMscf/day enhances the oil production rate by 37.71%and 43.89%for 10%and 30%water cut conditions,respectively.Gas injection rates of 5.2 MMscf/day and 5.4 MMscf/day are determined to be economically optimal for 30%water cut with tubing head pressures of 260 psig and 270 psig,respectively.

关键词： Production enhancement Artificial lift Gas lift Asmari carbonate formation Techno-economic analysis Well productivity