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Investigation of performance and emission characteristics using ethanol-blended gasoline fuel as a flex-fuel in two-wheeler vehicle mounted on a chassis dynamometer

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 174-193页

作者： Sourabh Gupta Sumit Kanchan Rupinder kaur Sarbjot Singh sandhu School of Mechanical Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPunjabIndia Division of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Lovely Professional UniversityPunjabIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharIndia

This study investigated the performance and emissions of flex fuels in a 110-cc BS6-compliant fuel-injected two-wheeler without ethanol adaptation *** tests were carried out under controlled conditions on a chassis dynamometer at 1000,2000 and 3000 *** ethanol blends from 10%ethanol(E10)to 85%ethanol(E85).Parameters examined included brake power(BP)output,brake-specific fuel consumption(BSFC),peak in-cylinder pressure and exhaust ***,including carbon monoxide(CO),hydrocarbons(HC),nitrogen oxide(NOx)and unregulated emissions,were also *** the percentages of the ethanol blend increased from E10 to E85,there was a noticeable improvement in power *** 1000 r.p.m.,the BP ranged from 2.4 to 4.6 kW for different *** BSFC and the peak in-cylinder pressure followed a similar pattern,indicating enhanced performance and fuel efficiency with higher ethanol ***,using E85 at 1000 *** in a significant 41.08%reduction in exhaust temperature compared with E10,although this difference decreased with higher blend ***,replacing E10 with E85 at 1000 *** CO and HC emissions by 9.17%and 38.34%,*** contrast,NOx emissions increased at all *** with higher-ethanol blends,peaking at a 415 parts per million increase at 3000 ***,unregulated emissions decreased significantly with increased *** ethanol *** summary,the use of flex-fuel blends in a two-wheeler resulted in a modest increase in BP output,improved fuel efficiency and lower CO and HC *** findings are vital for optimizing ethanol blend utilization in two-wheeler engines under low-load conditions,considering both performance and environmental aspects.

关键词： flex fuel ethanol regulated emissions unregulated emissions chassis dynamometer performance characteristics

Processing Effects on Selected Antioxidant Activities and Metabolizing Enzyme Inhibition of M. Koneigii (Curry Leaves) Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 470-483页

作者： Karthik Medabalimi rajwinder kaur Martha Verghese Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A&M University Huntsville USA.

Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.

关键词： Murraya Koenigii Curry leaves Antioxidants Phytochemicals Metabolizing Enzymes

Big Data with Cloud Computing:Discussions and Challenges

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2022年第1期5卷 32-40页

作者： Amanpreet kaur sandhu University Institute of Computing Chandigarh University

With the recent advancements in computer technologies,the amount of data available is increasing day by ***,excessive amounts of data create great challenges for ***,cloud computing services provide a powerful environment to store large volumes of *** eliminate various requirements,such as dedicated space and maintenance of expensive computer hardware and *** big data is a time-consuming task that requires large computational clusters to ensure successful data storage and *** this work,the definition,classification,and characteristics of big data are discussed,along with various cloud services,such as Microsoft Azure,Google Cloud,Amazon Web Services,International Business Machine cloud,Hortonworks,and MapR.A comparative analysis of various cloud-based big data frameworks is also *** research challenges are defined in terms of distributed database storage,data security,heterogeneity,and data visualization.

关键词： big data data analysis cloud computing Hadoop

Potential of triptolide in reproductive management of the house rat,Rattus rattus

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 260-276页

作者： Neena SINGLA Gaganpreet kaur Bhupinder kaur BABBAR Bhupinder Singh sandhu Department of Zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia Department of Veterinary Pathology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science UniversityLudhianaIndia

Mature and healthy male house rats,Rattus rattus(n=160)were fed on bait(cracked wheat:powdered sugar,98:2)containing different concentrations of triptolide(0.1,0.05,0.025 and 0%)for 7 and 14 days in no-choice and bi-choice feeding tests in the *** objective of the study was to record the antifertility affects of triptolide after 30 and 60 days of termination of *** revealed no significant effect of triptolide treatment on weights of testis,epididymis,seminal vesicles and prostate gland of ***,sperm motility,live sperm count,sperm density and sperm morphology in the cauda epididymal fluid were found to differ significantly(P≤0.05)between untreated and treated groups of *** major effect of triptolide on sperm morphology was in the form of sperm head tail separation,which was up to 56.0%in rats treated for 14 days in no-choice and autopsied after 30 days.A significant effect(P≤0.05)of triptolide treatment was observed on the histomorphology of the testis,which included a dose-dependent decrease in diameter of seminiferous tubules,thickness of germinal epithelium and numbers of various spermatogenic *** associations in the seminiferous epithelial cycle were poorly developed in rats ingesting medium(4.7-5.1 mg/100 g bw)and high doses(6.9-7.2 mg/100 g bw)of triptolide than rats ingesting low doses(1.8-2.3 mg/100 g bw)and untreated *** cell stages affected had not recovered fully within the 60 day period following triptolide *** present study suggests the potential of triptolide in reproductive management of Rattus rattus.

关键词： Rattus rattus reproductive organs seminiferous tubules sperm parameters triptolide

Decay Analysis of Ge Isotopes Formed in Reactions Induced by Tightly and Loosely Bound Projectiles

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第11期69卷 565-577页

作者： Amandeep kaur Kirandeep sandhu Manoj K.Sharma School of Physics and Materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004PunjabIndia Department of Physics GSSDGS Khalsa CollegePatiala 147001PunjabIndia

The dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) is employed to investigate the decay of ^(6870)Ge~* compound nuclei formed respectively via tightly (~4He) and loosely (~6He) bound projectiles, using ^(64)Zn target. The study is carried out over a wide energy range (E_(c.m.)～5 MeV to 16 MeV) by including the quadrupole deformations (β_(2i)) and optimum orientations (θ_i^(opt)) of the decaying fragments. The fusion cross-sections, obtained by adding various evaporation channels show nice agreement with the experimental data for ~4He+^(64)Zn reaction. The contribution from competing compound inelastic scattering channel is also analyzed particularly for ^(68)Ge~* nucleus at above barrier energies. On the other hand,the decrement in the fusion cross-sections of ^(70)Ge~* nuclear system is addressed by presuming that ^(65)Zn ER is formed via two different modes:(i) the αn evaporation of ^(70Ge)~* nucleus, and(ii) 1n-evaporation of ^(66)Zn~*nuclear system,formed via breakup and 2n-transfer channels due to halo structure of the ~6He projectile. Besides this, the suppression in2 np evaporation cross-sections suggests the contribution of another breakup and transfer process of ~6He i.e. ~4He+ ^(64)*** contribution of breakup+transfer channels for ~6He+^(64)Zn reaction is duly addressed by applying relevant energy corrections due to the breakup of "~6He" projectile into 2n and ~4He. In addition to this, the barrier lowering, angular momentum and energy dependence effects are also explored in view of the dynamics of chosen reactions.

关键词： tightly and loosely bound projectiles evaporation residue breakup and transfer

Study of Cold Fusion Reactions Using Collective Clusterization Approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2017年第10期67卷 505-517页

作者： Gurjit kaur Kirandeep sandhu Manoj K.Sharma School of Physics and Materials Science Thapar University

Within the framework of the dynamical cluster decay model （DCM）, the in evaporation cross-sections （σ1n） of cold fusion reactions （Pb and Bi targets） are calculated for ZCN = 104-113 superheavy nuclei. The calculations are carried out in the fixed range of excitation energy ECN = 15 ± 1 MeV, so that the comparative analysis of reaction dynamics can be worked out. First of all, the fission barriers （Bf ） and neutron separation energies （S1n） are estimated to account the decreasing cross-sections of cold fusion reactions. In addition to this, the importance of hot optimum orientations of β24-deformed nuclei over cold one is explored at fixed angular momentum and neck-length parameters. The hot optimum orientations support all the target-projectile （t,p） combinations, which are explored experimentally in the cold fusion reactions. Some new target-projectile combinations are also predicted for future exploration. Further, the In cross-sections are addressed for ZCN = 104-113 superheavy nuclei at comparable excitation energies which show the decent agrement with experimental data upto ZCN = 109 nuclei. Finally, to understand the dynamics of higher-Z superheavy nuclei, the cross-sections are also calculated at maximum available energies around the Coulomb barrier and the effect of non-sticking moment of inertia （INS） is also investigated at these energies.

关键词： cold fusion reactions ln-decay cross-sections fragment mass distribution

A Systemic Review on Topical Marketed Formulations, Natural Products, and Oral Supplements to Prevent Androgenic Alopecia: A Review

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2020年第6期10卷 345-365页

作者： Sumel Ashique Navjot kaur sandhu Sk.Niyamul Haque Kartick Koley Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjab 142001India Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjab 142001India Department of Pharmaceutics Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyKolkataWest Bengal 700110India

Androgens have an intense consequence on the human scalp and body *** hair sprouts fundamentally in awol of androgens whereas the body hair hike is vulnerable to the activity of *** alopecia(AGA)invoked as males emulate Alopecia due to the cause of the dynamic reduction of scalp *** are medium of terminus growth of hair although the *** and system androgens convert the extensive terminal follicles into lesser vellus like *** out start of this type of alopecia is intensely irregular and the reason behind this existence of enough circulating steroidal hormones androgens and due to genetic *** treatments are available in the market as well as under clinical and preclinical *** herbal formulations are also available but not FDA *** conventional and NDDS formulations are already available in the *** avoid various systemic side effects of both Finasteride and Minoxidil,topical formulations and natural products(nutrients,minerals,vitamins)now a days are being widely used to treat Androgenic ***(complementary and alternative medicine)provides the option to elect favorable,low-risk,adjuvant and alternative ***,we offer a widespread review of topical marketed formulations,natural products,and CAM treatment options for AGA.

关键词： Androgenetic alopecia FDA approved drugs Natural products Herbal and novel topical marketed formulations Brief descriptions about formulations Formulation under clinical trials

Larvicidal and irritant activities of hexane leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis against dengue vector Aedes aegypti L.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第2期2卷 152-155页

作者： Radhika Warikoo Ankita Ray Jasdeep kaur sandhu Roopa Sanial Naim Wahab Sarita Kumar Department of Zoology Acharya Narendra Dev CollegeUniversity of Delhi

Objective:To assess the larvicidal and irritant activities of the hexane extracts of leaves of Citrus sinensis(***)against the early fourth instars and female adults of Aedes aegypti(***).Methods:The larvicidal potential of the prepared leaf extract was evaluated against early fourth instar larvae of *** using WHO *** mortality counts were made after 24 h and LC_(50)and LG_(50)values were *** efficacy of extract as mosquito irritant was assessed by contact irritancy ***-impregnated paper was placed on a glass plate over which a perspex funnel with a hole on the top was kept *** female adult,3-day old unfed/blood-fed,was released inside the *** 3 min of acclimatization time,the time taken for the first take-off and total number of flights undertaken during 15 min were ***:The citrus leaf extracts from hexane possessed moderate larvicidal efficiency against dengue *** bioassays resulted in an LC_(50)and LC_(90)value of 446.84 and 1370.96 ppm,respectively after 24 h of ***,the extracts were proved to be remarkable irritant against adults ***,more pronounced effects being observed on blood-fed females than unfed *** extract-impregnated paper was thus proved to be 7-11 times more irritable as compared with the control ***:The hexane extracts from *** leaves are proved to be reasonably larvicidal But remarkably irritant against dengue *** studies are needed to identify the possible role of extract as adulticide,oviposition deterrent and ovicidal *** isolation of active ingredient from the extract could help in formulating strategies for mosquito control.

关键词： Citrus Hexane Larvicide Irritancy Take-offs Citrus sinensis Aedes aegypti Larvicidal activity Irritant activity Dengue vector Mosquito control

Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of pharyngeal airway in North Indian children with different skeletal patterns

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World Journal of Radiology 2021年第2期13卷 40-52页

作者： Anuraj Singh Kochhar Maninder Singh Sidhu Ritasha Bhasin Gulsheen kaur Kochhar Himanshu Dadlani Jagpreet sandhu Bobby Virk Former Orthodontist Max HospitalGurgaon 122001India Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dental SciencesSGT UniversityGurugram 122001India Faculty of Dentistry University of TorontoToronto M5G 1G6Canada Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry National Dental College and HospitalDerabassi 140507PunjabIndia Department of Periodontology Kalka Dental CollegeUttar Pradesh 210507India Senior Consultant Department of Dental SurgeryMax HospitalGurgaon 122001Indi Formerly at Department of Orthodontics Genesis Institute of Dental SciencesPunjab 152001India Chief Orthodontist Smile With BracesPuyallupWA 98371United States

BACKGROUND In growing patients with skeletal discrepancies,early assessment of functional factors can be vital for the restoration of normal craniofacial *** To compare airway volumes in patients with mandibular retrognathism with the normal anteroposterior skeletal relationship,thereby assessing the association between cephalometric variables and airway *** Cone-beam computed tomography volume scans,and lateral cephalograms,3-dimensional airway volume and cross-sectional areas of 120 healthy children(54 boys and 66 girls mean age 15.19±1.28)which were done for orthodontic assessment were *** subjects were divided into 2 groups based on the angle formed between point A,Nasion and point B(ANB)values and cephalometric variables(such as anterior and posterior facial height,gonial angle etc.)airway volumes,and cross-sectional measurements were compared using independent t ***’s correlation coefficient test was used to detect any relationship of different parts of the airway and between airway volume and 2-dimensional cephalometric *** Means and standard deviations for cephalometric,cross-sectional,and volumetric variables were ***,mandibular body length and facial convexity were statistically highly significant(P<0.01)whereas condylion to point A,nasal airway and total airway volume(P<0.05)were statistically *** nasal airway volume and the superior pharyngeal airway volume had a positive correlation(P<0.01),nasal airway was correlated to middle(P<0.05)and total airway superior had a relation with middle(P<0.05),inferior and total airway(P<0.05),middle was related to all other airways;inferior was also related to all the airways except *** cephalometric values were positively correlated with the airway volume with Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle and facial convexity showed significant correlations with total airway volume(P<0.05).Additionally,ANB angle was significantly correlated wit

关键词： Pharyngeal airway Cone beam computed tomography Skeletal pattern Malocclusion Retrognathic Airway volume