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Major Issues of Post-earthquake Housing Construction during Resettlement

Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 105-111页

作者： raju sarkar Karan Narang Sonam Yangdhen Dept. of Civil Engineering and Architecture College of Science and Technology Rinchending P.O. Box 450 Bhutan Department of Civil Engineering Delhi Technological University Bawana Road Delhi 110042 lndia Bechtel Corporation Knowledge Park 244-24 Udyog Vihar Phase-IV Gurgaon Haryana 122015 India Engineering Adaptation and Risk Reduction Division Department of Engineering Services Ministry of Works and HumanSettlement Thimphu 11001 Bhutan

Natural disasters provide an acute image of how man-made technologies are a cause of conflict when it comes to nature. It is man versus wild in its true means. The nature lets us grow and increase our settlements. We encroach on other animals＇ territories and it is only when the environment＇s patience runs out that it retaliates in forms of natural disasters. These disasters affect numerous lives and kill a lot ofhnmans. This is the main reason why we require more stable structures and preventive measures to battle the wrath of the nature. Rescue and search operations are conducted by many different government and private agencies including NGOs. These operations aim at providing the required relief and supplies after the disaster. Injured people need to be treated. People in dangerous zones need to be evacuated. Help is needed in many forms. Out of the many natural disasters, this paper will focus on the occurrence of earthquakes. Severe earthquakes destroy buildings and structures like roads, bridges etc. and wreak havoc in the community. Earthquakes largely damage all human constructions, including houses. This is the reason why a reconstruction program for dwellings and housings is of utmost importance. A home is only secondary to basic needs such as food and water. A well-planned strategy is important when it comes to launching a post-earthquake reconstruction program. The strategy should be reasonable and should consider the best interests of everyone affected; self-help and imported fabrication should play no part in the decision-making procedures. Creating awareness, physically demonstrating options and delivering are the three steps for the success of reconstruction programs. The extent of affected area and the magnitude of earthquakes are variable in nature and it is on these two aspects that the reconstruction strategy is devised. Technical aspects are focused towards the development of the affected areas and conceptual design of surrounding neighborhoods

关键词： Post-earthquake reconstruction resettlement holistic planning housing construction.

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Genotype×year interaction of pod and seed mass and stability of Pongamia pinnata families in a semi-arid region

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1333-1346页

作者： G.R.Rao B.sarkar B.M.K.raju P.Sathi Reddy A.V.M.Subba Rao Jessie Rebecca ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture SantoshnagarHyderabadTelangana State 500059India Tropical Forest Research Institute(TFRI) Indian Council of Forestry Research&EducationMinistry of EnvironmentForest&Climate ChangeGovt.of IndiaJabalpur 482021India

Sixteen pongamia families were evaluated in a field experiment for eight consecutive years in dryland conditions to identify stable,high-yielding *** trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three *** family,consisting of nine trees per replication,was planted at a spacing of3 m x 3 *** stability was analyzed using(1)Eberhart and Russel’s regression coefficient(β_i)and deviation from regression(S_d^2),(2)Wrike’s ecovalence(W_i);(3)Shukla stability variance(σ_i^2);and(4)Piepho and Lotito’s stability index(L_i).Families were also analyzed for adaptability and stability using AMMI and GGE biplots graphical *** study revealed significant variances due to family and family x year interaction for pod and seed *** performed differently and ranked differently across *** performance of families was influenced by both genetic factor and environmental conditions in different *** families tested,TNMP20,Acc14,TNMP14 and Acc30 were high yielders for pods,and Acc14,Acc30,TNMP6,RAK19 and TNMP14 were high for seed *** to the Eberhart and Russell model,Acc30,TNMP14 and TNMP3 were stable across *** the graphical view of family x year interaction based on AMMI methods,TNMP3,TNMP4 and TNMP14 had greater stability with moderate seed yield,and Acc14 and Acc30 had moderate stability with high seed *** the other hand,GGE biplots revealed Acc14,Acc30 and TNMP14 as high yielders with moderate *** and GGE biplots were able to capture nonlinear parts of the family x year interaction that were not be captured by the Eberhart and Russel model while also identifying stable *** on different methodologies,Acc14,Acc30 and TNMP14 were identified as high yielding and stable families for promoting pongamia cultivation as a biofuel crop for semi-arid regions.

关键词： Biofuel Pongamia Genetic diversity Stability AMMI (additive main effects multiplicative interaction) GGE biplots Multi-year trial SVD(singular value decomposition)

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