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Cross-diffusive effects on the onset of double-diffusive convection in a horizontal saturated porous fluid layer heated and salted from above

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第5期22卷 355-362页

作者： rajib basu G. C. Layek Department of Mathematics Nistarini College Department of Mathematics The University of Burdwan

Double-diffusive stationary and oscillatory instabilities at the marginal state in a saturated porous horizontal fluid layer heated and salted from above are investigated theoretically under the Darcy＇s framework for a porous medium. The contributions of Soret and Dufour coefficients are taken into account in the analysis. Linear stability analysis shows that the critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number depends on cross-diffusive parameters at marginally stationary convec- tion, while the marginal state characterized by oscillatory convection does not depend on the cross-diffusion terms even if the condition and frequency of oscillatory convection depends on the cross-diffusive parameters. The critical value of the Darcy-Rayleigh number increases with increasing value of the solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number in the absence of cross- diffusive parameters. The critical Darcy-Rayleigh number decreases with increasing Soret number, resulting in destabiliza- tion of the system, while its value increases with increasing Dufour number, resulting in stabilization of the system at the marginal state characterized by stationary convection. The analysis reveals that the Dufour and Soret parameters as well as the porosity parameter play an important role in deciding the type of instability at the onset. This analysis also indicates that the stationary convection is followed by the oscillatory convection for certain fluid mixtures. It is interesting to note that the roles of cross-diffusive parameters on the double-diffusive system heated and salted from above are reciprocal to the double-diffusive system heated and salted from below.

关键词： double-diffusive convection porous media Soret and Dufour effects linear stability analysis

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Disaster Preparedness:Looking through the Lens of Hospitals in Japan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2013年第2期4卷 89-100页

作者： Farah Mulyasari Satomi Inoue Sunil Prashar Kenji Isayama Mrittika basu Nitin Srivastava rajib Shaw Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

Critical facilities, such as hospitals, play a crucial role in the socioeconomic and psychological recovery of the population after a disaster. Hospitals are considered important due to their roles in saving lives in the affected population and must be able to withstand hazards and remain functioning during and after a disaster. This article assesses earthquake preparedness of hospitals in eight Japanese cities using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consists of six parameters and 21 indicators from the “four pillars of hospital preparedness” including structural, nonstructural, functional, and human resources. The results show that the majority of the respondent hospitals fulfill the functional preparedness, which is useful during the emergency period of a disaster, while the other three pillars—structural, nonstructural, and human resources—need to be strengthened. This study helps to assess the status of disaster preparedness as well as the gaps for these hospitals in the Tohoku and Nankai Trough regions, drawing lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of the Tohoku area. This status and the gaps are used as a departure point to indicate how to enhance preparedness and resilience to future disaster risks.

关键词： disaster Japan strengthened

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