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Ga.trointestina. a.verse events a.socia.ed with immune checkpoint inhibitor thera.y

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Ga.troenterology Report 2020年第1期8卷 25-30,I0001页

作者： Eva.rajha Pa.rick Cha.ta.i Mona.Ka.a. Julia. Ma.ma.i Christopher Cha.ta.i Sa.-Ching Jim Yeung Depa.tment of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Schoool of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon Biomedica. Engineering College of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

Immunothera.y with checkpoint inhibitors ha. revolutionized ca.cer thera.y a.d is now the sta.da.d trea.ment for severa. different types of ca.cer,supported by fa.ora.le outcomes a.d good ***,it is linked to multiple immune ma.ifesta.ions,referred to a. immune-rela.ed a.verse events(ira.s).These a.verse events frequently a.fect the skin,colon,endocrine gla.ds,lungs,a.d *** ga.trointestina. system is one of the most commonly a.fected orga. systems a.d is responsible for the most frequent emergency visits resulting from ***,beca.se immune checkpoint inhibitors a.e a.recent a.dition to our a.sena. of ca.cer drugs,ma.y hea.th-ca.e providers rema.n unfa.ilia. with the ma.a.ement of *** involved in the trea.ment of oncology pa.ients who ha.e received checkpoint inhibitors a.e currently encountering ca.es of a.domina. pa.n,dia.rhea.a.d other nonspecific symptoms tha. ma. be cha.lenging to *** a.ticle reviews the ga.trointestina.,hepa.ic,a.d pa.crea.ic toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors a.d provides a. a.proa.h to their dia.nosis a.d recommended *** a.so highlights the ma.a.ement of ira.s a.cording to their toxicity gra.ing a.d specifica.ly discusses the insta.ces in which corticosteroids should be a.ministered a.d/or the immune checkpoint inhibitors should be withheld.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor immune-rela.ed a.verse events colitis enterocolitis liver toxicity pa.crea.ic toxicity

a. Environment Friendly, Low-Cost Extra.tion Process of Phenolic Compounds from Gra.e Byproducts. Optimiza.ion by Multi-Response Surfa.e Methodology

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Food a.d Nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 650-659页

作者： Hiba.N. rajha Na.a.El Da.ra.Eugène Vorobiev Nicola. Louka.Richa.d G. Ma.oun Dépa.tement des Sciences de la.Vie et de la.Terre Centre d’Analyse et de Recherche Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Beirut Lebanon Dépa.tement des Sciences de la.Vie et de la.Terre Centre d’Analyse et de Recherche Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Beirut Lebanon UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Trans- formations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Trans- formations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France.

Due to their beneficia. effects on huma. hea.th, phenolic compounds a.e increa.ingly a.tra.ting the a.tention of scientists a.d resea.chers a.l over the world. The ma.n interest is in the extra.tion process of those na.ura. pla.t-origina.ed compounds from fruits, vegeta.les a.d pla.t wa.tes, na.ely gra.e wa.tes, in which phenolic compounds a.e the most a.unda.t seconda.y meta.olites. This wa.te exploita.ion not only re-a.simila.es those byproducts into the food cycle, but a.so a.oids ma.or environmenta. problems. Herein, the optimiza.ion of the phenolic compounds concentra.ion a.d free ra.ica. sca.enging a.tivity from Ca.ernet Sa.vignon gra.e byproducts wa. conducted, using multi-response surfa.e methodology. a.conventiona. solid-liquid extra.tion process wa. performed with pure wa.er a. a.solvent to study the effects of both time a.d tempera.ure on the procedure. The ma.ima. phenolic compounds concentra.ion (878.9 mg/L) wa. rea.hed a. 47℃ a.ter 30 hours while the optima. free ra.ica. sca.enging a.tivity (41.15%) wa. obta.ned a. 30℃ a.ter 20 hours. a.multi-response surfa.e methodology compromised between the qua.tity a.d the qua.ity of the extra.ted phenolics, a.d the pa.a.eters ma.imizing both responses were obta.ned a. 37℃ a.d 28 hours. This low-cost a.d energy sa.ing process provides a. excellent tool for further industria. a.plica.ions.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Gra.e Byproducts Extra.tion Optimiza.ion Free Ra.ica. Sca.enging a.tivity

Extra.tion of Tota. Phenolic Compounds, Fla.onoids, a.thocya.ins a.d Ta.nins from Gra.e Byproducts by Response Surfa.e Methodology. Influence of Solid-Liquid Ra.io, Pa.ticle Size, Time, Tempera.ure a.d Solvent Mixtures on the Optimiza.ion Process

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Food a.d Nutrition Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 397-409页

作者： Hiba.N. rajha Na.a.El Da.ra.Zeina.Hoba.ka.Na.ia.Boussetta.Eugene Vorobiev Richa.d G. Ma.oun Nicola. Louka Centre d’a.a.yses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon Centre d’a.a.yses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France.

The current work concerns the optimiza.ion process of phenolic compounds solid liquid extra.tion from gra.e byproducts a. high tempera.ures a.d short incuba.ion times. The effect of five experimenta. pa.a.eters (solidliquid ra.io, pa.ticle size, time, tempera.ure a.d solvent mixture) mostly believed to a.fect the extra.tion process wa. underta.en. a.first response surfa.e methodology experimenta. design wa. used to optimize the solid-liquid ra.io a.d milling time pa.a.eters. a.second design wa. used for the optimiza.ion of the qua.tita.ive a.d qua.ita.ive pa.a.eters. The qua.tita.ive pa.a.eters studied a.e: tota. phenolic compounds, fla.onoid content, tota. monomeric a.thocya.in composition a.d ta.nin concentra.ion. The qua.ita.ive pa.a.eters a.a.yzed a.e: a.tira.ica. a.tivity a.d a.tioxida.t ca.a.ity. The second design wa. ba.ed on the use of time, tempera.ure a.d solvent mixture a. optimiza.ion pa.a.eters. The a.sa.s were first conducted sepa.a.ely revea.ing the best experimenta. conditions for the ma.imiza.ion of ea.h response va.ia.le a.one. a.simulta.eous response surfa.e methodology of a.l the responses ta.en together wa. then conducted, showing the optima. extra.tion conditions to be: 93 minutes a. 94?C a.d in 66% etha.ol/wa.er solvent. The ma.ima. response va.ues obta.ned for ea.h pa.a.eter a.e: Tota. Phenolic Compounds yield (5.5 g Ga./100g DM), Fla.onoid Content (5.4 g Ga./100g DM), Tota. Monomeric a.thocya.in yield (70.3 mg/100g DM), Ta.nin Concentra.ion (12.3 g/L), a.tira.ica. a.tivity (67.3%) a.d Tota. a.tioxida.t Ca.a.ity (393 mga.E/L). a.l of the optima. va.ues were a.quired a. 3 mL/g solid-liquid ra.io a.d 6.8 min milling time. The obta.ned extra.ts could be used a. na.ura. bioa.tive compounds in severa. industria. a.plica.ions.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Gra.e Byproducts Extra.tion Optimiza.ion Response Surfa.e Methodology a.tioxida.t

Multiple Response Optimiza.ion of High Tempera.ure, Low Time a.ueous Extra.tion Process of Phenolic Compounds from Gra.e Byproducts

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Food a.d Nutrition Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 351-360页

作者： Hiba.N. rajha Nicola. Louka.Na.a.El Da.ra.Zeina.Hoba.ka.Na.ia.Boussetta.Eugène Vorobiev Richa.d G. Ma.oun Centre d’a.a.yses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon Centre d’a.a.yses et de Recherche UR TVA Faculté des Sciences Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Lebanon UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France. UTC/ESCOM EA 4297 TIMR Département de Génie des Procédés Industriels Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable Université de Technologie de Compiègne Centre de Recherche de Royallieu Compiègne France

In this study phenolic compounds extra.tion from gra.e byproducts wa. conducted using pure wa.er a. a.solvent. High tempera.ures a.d low time incuba.ion periods were used in the a.m of reducing the cost of the process a.d heightening the phenolic compounds yield. Response surfa.e methodology (RSM) wa. rea.ized to study the effect of time a.d tempera.ure on crushed a.d uncrushed gra.e poma.e. The phenolic content wa. eva.ua.ed considering the qua.tity (tota. phenolics (TPC), fla.onoids (FC), tota. monomeric a.thocya.ins (TMa. a.d ta.nins (TC)), a.d qua.ity (a.tira.ica. a.tivity (a.) a.d a.tioxida.t ca.a.ity (a.)) of the extra.ts. High tempera.ure low time extra.tion design used in this study wa. compa.ed to the extra.tion process a. modera.e tempera.ures with rela.ively long periods of time. This wa. proved to a.eliora.e the qua.tita.ive extra.tion of phenolic compounds from gra.e poma.e without a.fecting their bioa.tivity. Moreover, multiple response optimiza.ion showed the optima. extra.tion pa.a.eters to be 81?C a.d 140 minutes for the unmilled poma.e sa.ples, a.d 88?C a.d 5 minutes for the milled. TPC, FC, TMa. TC, a. a.d a. a.e a.most the sa.e for both optimums. Thus the possibility of repla.ing the milling process by the extra.tion time prolonga.ion (for the unmilled poma.e) of 135 minutes seems to be very pla.sible. HPLC a.a.ysis showed different qua.tity a.d diversity of extra.ted phenolics for the optimums. However this difference did not significa.tly a.fect the overa.l a.tivity, showing tha. PC in the different extra.ts a.t in complete synergy a.l together lea.ing to importa.t biologica. properties. The obta.ned results using the extra.tion stra.egy a.opted in this work could lea. to severa. industria. a.plica.ions.

关键词： Phenolic Compounds Gra.e Byproducts Optimiza.ion a.ueous Extra.tion Response Surfa.e Methodology