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Rice straw recycling: A sustainable approach for ensuring environmental quality and economic security

Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 34-48页

作者： Anjani KUMAR Amaresh Kumar NAYAK Sandeep SHARMA Ansuman SENAPATI Debasis MITRA Bipasa MOHANTY Seenichamy Rathinam PRABHUKARTHIKEYAN Kuttalingam Gopalasubramanian SABARINATHAN Indra MANI rajendra singh garhwal Sugitha THANKAPPAN Mahapatra Smruthi SAGARIKA Sergio DE LOS SANTOS-VILLALOBOS Periyasamy PANNEERSELVAM Crop Production Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 753006India Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural UniversityPunjab 141027India Department of Plant Pathology Agricultural College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityKillikulamTuticorin 628252India Division of Agricultural Engineering ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstitutePusaNew Delhi 110012India Collage of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture UniversityHisarHaryana 125004India School of Agriculture and Biosciences Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatoreTamil Nadu 641141India Laboratorio de Biotecnología del Recurso Microbiano Instituto Tecnológico De SonoraSonora 85000México

One of the major challenges in Asian countries is the effective management of rice *** ensure food security for their ever-growing population,Asian countries grow more rice,leading to increasing rice straw *** of rice straw,a common practice,is detrimental to both environmental and human ***,if managed effectively,rice straw has the potential to safeguard the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and to uplift the economic security of the population depending on rice *** management of rice straw involving minimum soil disturbance along with retention of residues alters the soil carbon cycle through reduced carbon emissions and increased levels of total soil organic *** alternative uses of rice straw,such as production of livestock feed,bioethanol,biochar,biogas,electricity,mushroom,and paper,can add prosperity to rice farmers’life by fetching extra *** is evident that efficient management of rice straw is of enormous economic ***,it is essential to create awareness among the different rice stakeholders of these alternative economic avenues associated with rice *** review is an attempt to provide effective options for sustainable rice straw management and rice straw value chains for harnessing its economic *** further identifies gaps in our understanding of the effects of rice straw on ecological sustainability,particularly concerning the multifaceted connections between the diverse mechanisms of rice agro-ecosystems,which may greatly influence food security in the 21st century.

关键词： microorganism residue management rice straw burning rotation tillage value addition

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Nanozyme‑Engineered Hydrogels for Anti‑Inflammation and Skin Regeneration

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 127-179页

作者： Amal George Kurian rajendra K.singh Varsha Sagar Jung‑Hwan Lee Hae‑Won Kim Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering(ITREN) Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science&BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Biomaterials Science School of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea UCL Eastman‑Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Cell and Matter Institute Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea

Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare *** therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse ***,nanozyme(NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these ***-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of *** multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and *** review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels(NZ@hydrogels)for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration *** also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their ***,the challenges and future directions in this ground,particularly their clinical translation,are *** insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels,offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.

关键词： Nanozymes Hydrogels ROS scavenging Anti-inflammation Skin regeneration

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Impact factors and pathways of halonitromethanes formation from aspartic acid during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 129-144页

作者： Liangwen Zhu Tao Wang Qian Tang Qing Wang Lin Deng Jun Hu Chaoqun Tan rajendra Prasad singh Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education School of Civil EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

Light emitting diode (LED-UV)/chlorine disinfection can replace UV/chlorine disinfection in wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants. Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a class of novel nitrogenous disinfection by-products, which are characterized by higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than regulated disinfection by-products. Herein, the impact factors and pathways of HNMs formation from aspartic acid (ASP) were investigated during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. The results showed that three types of chlorinated-HNMs (Cl-HNMs) were found during LED-UV265/chlorine disinfection, and their concentrations increased first and then declined as the reaction progressed. Cl-HNMs yields increased with increasing LED-UV_(265) intensity, free chlorine dosage, and ASP concentration, which declined with increasing pH (6.0–8.0). Meantime, the important impact of the coexisting ions contained in water matrices on HNMs formation from ASP was observed during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. It was found that copper ions (Cu^(2+)) promoted Cl-HNMs formation. Furthermore, when bromide (Br–) appeared during LED-UV265/chlorine disinfection, nine types of HNMs were detected simultaneously. Moreover, Br– not only converted Cl-HNMs toward brominated (chlorinated)-HNMs and brominated-HNMs but also showed a marked effect on HNMs concentrations and species. Subsequently, the possible pathways of HNMs formation from ASP were proposed during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. At last, it was proved that the formation trends of HNMs obtained in the real waters were similar to those in simulated waters. This work elaborated on the influence factors and pathways of HNMs formation, which is conducive to controlling the HNMs produced during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection.

关键词： LED-UV265 chlorine HNMs Aspartic acid Bromide Copper ions

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Impacts of hydropower-induced flow alterations on composition and diversity of riparian vegetation in the Western Himalayas: A case study in Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1272-1286页

作者： Dharmveer KAINTURA Sabyasachi DASGUPTA Dhanpal singh CHAUHAN Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal 246174India Tripura University SuryamaninagarAgartala 799022India

The increasing demand for water and energy resources has led to widespread dam construction,particularly in ecologically sensitive regions like the Himalayan *** study focuses on the Uttarakhand state in the Western Himalayas,where hydroelectric projects(HEPs)have significantly altered river flow *** research investigates the impact of flow alterations on the composition and structure of riparian vegetation in the garhwal Himalayas,specifically analysing four rivers regulated by hydroelectric *** the paired-reach comparison method,control(undisturbed),diverted(downstream of barrage/dam),and altered flow conditions(downstream of water outlet)were *** research reveals diverse and unique riparian ecosystems,with 89 genera and 113 taxa identified,showcasing the dominance of families like Asteraceae and *** study unveils the structural importance of key species such as Berberis asiatica and Artemisia *** density,diversity,and richness of shrub and herb species vary significantly across flow ***,altered flow conditions demonstrate resilience in vegetation structure,while diverted conditions exhibit decreased species richness and *** study emphasizes the importance of nuanced environmental flow management for mitigating adverse effects on riparian biodiversity in the fragile Himalayan *** findings contribute to the global discourse on dam impacts and riparian ecology,shedding light on the complexities of this dynamic relationship in a vulnerable ecosystem.

关键词： Dam construction Water stress Western Himalayas Disturbed flow regimes Riparian ecosystem

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Comparative measurement of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 314-329页

作者： Komal Daya Soni Khem singh Shankar G.Aggarwal CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India Academy of Scientific&Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India

Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan *** study aims to see the correlation of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons’winter,summer,and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes,road patterns,and traffic *** annual average morning concentration of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO was found(533±105),(7.3±3.1),(10.7±3.0)ppm at Najafgarh and(480±70),(5.2±1.8),(7.8±2.8)ppm at rajendra Place,respectively.A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature,humidity,wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram.A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial(location)and temporal(diurnal)*** concentration trend of CO_(2)in different seasons is winter>summer>monsoon,while in the case of CH_(4)winter=summer>monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO *** is observed that CO_(2)has a good relation with CO(a tracer for vehicular emission)in terms of diurnal variation,whereas,CH_(4)does not represent a relation with CO and CO_(2)diurnally,suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO_(2)but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH_(4).

关键词： Vehicular emission Greenhouse gases Harmful pollutants Meteorological parameters

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Underground mining of thick coal seams

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第6期25卷 885-896页

作者： Kumar Rakesh singh Arun Kumar Mishra Arvind Kumar singh rajendra Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR under CSIR) Indian School of Mines (ISM)

This paper reviews underground mining methods for total thickness of a thick coal seam in single lift （TI＇rCSSL）. Review shows the required engineering for extraction of thick seams needs to be fitted with thickness of the seam, behavior of rock-mass and surrounding stress conditions for efficient mining. Variants of TI＇rCSSL are able to extract a maximum 10-12 m thickness only. An improvement in bending moment of the overlying coal band in longwall top coal caving （LTCC） provides better under-winning opportunity for the roof coal band. An acceptable limit of 25 MPa compressive strength of coal for the success of LTCC may be increased under favorable geo-technical conditions. Bord and pillar in India adopted induced caving of roof coal band for single lift depillaring of total thickness （SLDTr） of a compe- tent thick coal seam developed along floor. Case studies are given to arrest the adverse effects of extrac- tion height on pillars.

关键词： Thick coal seamSingle lift depillaring of total thicknessCSmIT)Extraction heightPillar instabilityCaving of coal

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Adsorption behavior of benzenesulfonic acid by novel weakly basic anion exchange resins

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 40-47页

作者： Yue Sun Peng Zuo Junfen Luo rajendra Prasad singh Department of Municipal Engineering Southeast University

Two novel weakly basic anion exchange resins（SZ-1 and SZ-2） were prepared via the reaction of macroporous chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene（Cl-PS-DVB） beads with dicyclohexylamine and piperidine, respectively. The physicochemical structures of the resulting resins were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and pore size distribution analysis. The adsorption behavior of SZ-1 and SZ-2 for benzenesulfonic acid（BA） was evaluated, and the common commercial weakly basic anion exchanger D301 was also employed for comparison purpose. Adsorption isotherms and influence of solution p H, temperature and coexisting competitive inorganic salts（Na2SO4and Na Cl） on adsorption behavior were investigated and the optimum desorption agent was *** isotherms of BA were found to be well represented by the Langmuir *** parameters involving ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were also calculated and the results indicate that adsorption is an exothermic and spontaneous process. Enhanced selectivity of BA sorption over sulfate on the two novel resins was observed by comparison with the commercial anion exchanger D301. The fact that the tested resins loaded with BA can be efficiently regenerated by Na Cl solution indicates the reversible sorption process. From a mechanistic viewpoint, this observation clearly suggests that electrostatic interaction is the predominant adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, results of column tests show that SZ-1possesses a better adsorption property than D301, which reinforces the feasibility of SZ-1for potential industrial application.

关键词： Benzenesulfonic acid Weakly basic anion exchange resin Adsorption Desorption

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基于社区的气候变化适应方法与高海拔garhwal喜马拉雅山脉Bhagirathi地区的生计安全

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第1期15卷 197-203页

作者： Shoryabh SRIVASTAVA Bindhy Wasini PANDEY Virender singh NEGI 德里大学经济学院地理系印度德里110007 德里大学莎希德·巴加特·辛格学院地理系(E) 印度德里110017

位于garhwal喜马拉雅山的Bhagirathi(HA-BV)谷地是一个生态和文化重要性极高的地区,但当地居民的生计容易受到气候变化的影响。基于社区的气候变化适应方法(CB-CCA)已成为一种增强地方社区的经济和社会福祉重要策略,并提高了社区发展的... 详细信息

位于garhwal喜马拉雅山的Bhagirathi(HA-BV)谷地是一个生态和文化重要性极高的地区,但当地居民的生计容易受到气候变化的影响。基于社区的气候变化适应方法(CB-CCA)已成为一种增强地方社区的经济和社会福祉重要策略,并提高了社区发展的韧性。本文旨在研究HA-BV地区的CB-CCA和生计保障计划,关注应对气候变化所面临挑战的策略。研究认为优先考虑适应该地区崎岖的地形和恶劣的天气条件的可持续生计选择至关重要。例如,与山谷独特的土壤和气候动态相适应,推广温室种植和农林复合种植等替代农业,可能会带来较好的结果;此外,鼓励养蜂、手工艺和生态旅游等替代生计途径不仅可以创收,还能保护该地区的自然环境。为了鼓励当地居民实施这些环境友好的生计措施,政府和利益相关者需要进行战略性投资,基础设施的完善(包括道路建设和电力供应)可为经济增长创造良好的条件。研究结果可为喜马拉雅山地区的可持续发展做出贡献,为类似情境下未来构建气候韧性和保障生计的努力提供参考。

关键词： Bhagirathi谷基于社区的方法气候变化适应生计保障 garhwal喜马拉雅山

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FDTD technique based crosstalk analysis of bundled SWCNT interconnects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第5期36卷 90-98页

作者： Yograj singh Duksh Brajesh Kumar Kaushik rajendra P.Agarwal Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Shobhit University

The equivalent electrical circuit model of a bundled single-walled carbon nanotube based distributed RLC interconnects is employed for the crosstalk analysis. The accurate time domain analysis and crosstalk effect in the VLSI interconnect has emerged as an essential design criteria. This paper presents a brief description of the numerical method based finite difference time domain （FDTD） technique that is intended for estimation of voltages and currents on coupled transmission lines. For the FDTD implementation, the stability of the proposed model is strictly restricted by the Courant condition. This method is used for the estimation of crosstalk induced propagation delay and peak voltage in lossy RLC interconnects. Both functional and dynamic crosstalk effects are analyzed in the coupled transmission line. The effect of line resistance on crosstalk induced delay, and peak voltage under dynamic and functional crosstalk is also evaluated. The FDTD analysis and the SPICE simulations are carried out at 32 nm technology node for the global interconnects. It is observed that the analytical results obtained using the FDTD technique are in good agreement with the SPICE simulation results. The crosstalk induced delay, propagation delay, and peak voltage obtained using the FDTD technique shows average errors of 4.9%, 3.4% and 0.46%, respectively, in comparison to SPICE.

关键词： FDTD SWCNT bundle interconnects crosstalk delay peak voltage coupled transmission lines

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Insect feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory activities of scopoletin isolated from Artemisia annua against Spilarctia obliqua （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 189-194页

作者： Arun Kumar Tripathi rajendra singh Bhakuni Shikha Upadhyay Rashmi Gaur Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Lucknow India

Artemisia annua （Asteraceae） is well known for its antimalarial activities due to presence of the compound artemisinin. We isolated a methoxy coumarin from the stem part of A. annua and confirmed its identity as scopoletin through mass spectral data. The structure was established from 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, 13C-NMR. The compound scopoletin was evaluated for its feeding deterrence and growth inhibitory potential against a noxious lepidopteran insect, Spilartctia obliqua Walker. Scopoletin gave FD50（feeding deterrence of 50%） value of 96.7 μg/g diet when mixed into artificial diet. S. obliqua larvae （12-day-old） exposed to the highest concentration （250μg/g diet） of scopoletin showed 77.1% feeding-deterrence. In a growth inhibitory assay, scopoletin provided 116.9% growth inhibition at the highest dose of 250μg/g diet with a GI50 （growth inhibition of 50%） value of 20.9μg/g diet. Statistical analysis showed a concentrationdependent dose response relationship toward both feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory activities. Artemisinin is found mainly in the leaves of A. annua and not in the stems, which are typically discarded as waste. Therefore identification of scopoletin in stems of A. annua may be important as a source of this material for pest control.

关键词： Artemisia annua feeding deterrent growth inhibitor scopoletin Spilartiaobliqua

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