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Intensified cropping reduces soil erosion and improves rainfall partitioning and soil properties in the marginal land of the Indian Himalayas

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 521-533页

作者： Devideen Yadav Deepak Singh Subhash Babu Madhu Madegowda Dharamvir Singh Debashis Mandal Avinash Chandra Rathore Vinod kumar sharma Vibha Singhal Anita Kumawat Dinesh kumar Yadav rajendra kumar Yadav Surender kumar ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation DehradunUttarakhand248195India Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research CentreKotaRajasthan324002India ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science BhopalMadhya Pradesh462038India Agriculture University KotaRajasthan324001India ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research CentreKoraputOdisha763002India

Environmental crises,land degradation,declining factor productivity,and farm profitability questioned the sustainability of linear economy-based existing agricultural production ***,there is a dire need to design and develop circular economy-based production systems to meet the twin objectives of environmental sustainability and food ***,the productive capacity,natural resource conserving ability,and biomass recycling potential of four intensified maize-based systems ***(Zea mays)+sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)-wheat,maize+colocasia(Colocasia esculenta)-wheat,maize+turmeric(Curcuma longa),and maize+ginger(Zingiber officinale)were tested consecutively for three years(2020,2021 and 22)in a fixed plot manner at Dehradun region of the Indian Himalaya against the existing maize-wheat *** result showed that the maize+sweet potato-wheat system significantly reduced runoff loss(166.3 mm)over the maize-wheat *** highest through fall(68.12%)and the lowest stem flow(23.54%)were recorded with sole *** the contrary,the maize+sweet potato system has the highest stem flow(36.15%)and the lowest through ***,the maize+sweet potato system had 5.6 times lesser soil erosion and 0.77 t ha^(-1)higher maize pro-ductivity over the maize-wheat ***,the maize+sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture(19.3%),infiltration rate(0.95 cm h^(-1)),and organic carbon(0.78%)over the rest of the *** maize+sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen(299.2 kg ha^(-1)),phosphorus,(31.0 kg ha^(-1)),and potassium(276.2 kg ha^(-1))into the soil ***,it can be inferred that concurrent cultivation of sweet potato,with maize,is a soil-supportive,resource-conserving,and productive production model and can be recommended for achieving the circular economy targets in the Indian Himalayas.

关键词： Crop productivity Erosion Infiltration Runoff Soil sedimentation

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF POLYMER/CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2015年第4期28卷 409-419页

作者： Sumit sharma Rakesh Chandra Pramod kumar Navin kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology School of Mechanical Materials & Energy Engineering (SMMEE) Indian Institute of Technology

In this paper, we present classical molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of model polymer/CNT composites constructed by embedding a single wall （10,10） CNT into two different amorphous polymer matrices： poly（methyl methacrylate） and poly{（m-phenylene-vinylene）-co- [（2,5-dioctoxy-p-phenylene） vinylene]}, respectively, with different volume fractions. The simulation results support the idea that it is possible to use CNTs to mechanically reinforce an appropri- ate polymer matrix, especially in the longitudinal direction of the nanotube. The comparison of the simulation results with the macroscopic rule-of-mixtures for composite systems showed that for strong interfacial interactions, there can be large deviations of the results from the rule-of- mixtures. In order to verify this study, results obtained have been compared with those given by Elliott and Han （2007）.

关键词： nano-structures elasticity mechanical properties computational modeling

Migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the stomach with or without trans-oral extrusion:A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 331-349页

作者： rajendra kumar Ghritlaharey Department of Paediatric Surgery Gandhi Medical College and AssociatedKamla Nehru and Hamidia HospitalsBhopal 462001Madhya PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Intra-gastric migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt(VPS)catheter clinically presenting with or without trans-oral extrusion is one of the rare complications of VPS catheter *** To identify the demographics,clinical presentation,clinical findings,and results of surgical therapy offered for the treatment of intra-gastric migration of the distal VPS catheter,clinically presented with or without trans-oral *** An online search was performed for the extraction/retrieval of the published/available literature pertaining to the above-mentioned VPS *** were searched from PubMed,PMC(PubMed Central),ResearchGate,and Google Scholar databases using various terminology relating to the VPS *** first case of migration of a VPS catheter into the stomach was reported in the year 1980,and the data were retrieved from 1980 to December *** were categorized into two groups;Group A:Cases who had migration of the distal VPS catheter into the stomach and clinically presented with trans-oral extrusion of the same,and Group B:Cases who had migration of the distal VPS catheter into the stomach,but presented without trans-oral *** A total of n=46 cases(n=27;58.69%male,and n=19;41.3%females)were recruited for the systematic *** A included n=32,and Group B n=14 *** hydrocephalus was the indication for the primary VPS insertion for approximately half of the(n=22)*** sixty percent(n=27)of them were children≤5 years of age at the time of the diagnosis of the complication mentioned *** seventy-two percent(n=33)cases,this complication was detected within 24 mo after the VPS insertion/last shunt *** diagnosis was evident for the entire group A *** diagnostic modalities were used to confirm the diagnosis for Group B *** surgical procedures were offered for the management of the complication in n=43 cases of both *** two

关键词： Complication Extrusion Hydrocephalus Migration Protrusion Stomach Shunt revision Ventriculoperitoneal shunt Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications

Behavior of ring footing resting on reinforced sand subjected to eccentric-inclined loading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第2期10卷 347-357页

作者： Vaibhav sharma Arvind kumar Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar144011India

Ring footings are suitable for the structures like tall transmission towers, chimneys, silos and oil *** types of structures are susceptible to horizontal loads(wind load) in addition to their dead *** the literature, very little or no effort has been made to study the effect of ring footing resting on reinforced sand when subjected to eccentric, inclined and/or eccentric-inclined loadings. This paper aims to study the behavior of ring footing resting on loose sand and/or compacted randomly distributed fiberreinforced sand(RDFS) when subjected to eccentric(0 B, 0.05 B and 0.1 B, where B is the outer diameter of ring footing), inclined(0°,5°,10°, 15°,-5°,-10° and-15°)and eccentric-inclined loadings by using a finite element(FE) software PLAXIS 3 D. The behavior of ring footing is studied by using a dimensionless factor called reduction factor(RF). The numerical model used in the PLAXIS 3 D has been validated by conducting model plate load tests. Moreover, an empirical expression using regression analysis has been presented which will be helpful in plotting a load-settlement curve for the ring footing.

关键词： Soil reinforcement Ring footing Numerical method Randomly distributed fibers Load inclination Load eccentricity Model tests Reduction factor(RF)

Phosphorus partitioning and recovery of low-phosphorus iron-rich compounds through physical separation of Linz-Donawitz slag

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第7期23卷 751-759页

作者： Dilip Makhija rajendra kumar Rath Kaushik Chakravarty Abhay Shankar Patra Asim kumar Mukherjee Akhilesh kumar Dubey Research and Development Division Tata Steel Ltd. Mineral Processing Division CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory Raw Material Blending and Bedding Section Tata Steel Ltd.

The Linz-Donawitz（LD） steelmaking process produces LD slag at a rate of about 125 kg/t. After metallic scrap recovery, the non-metallic LD slag is rejected because its physical/chemical properties are unsuitable for recycling. X-ray diffraction（XRD） studies have indicated that non-metallic LD slag contains a substantial quantity of mineral phases such as di- and tricalcium silicates. The availability of these mineral phases indicates that LD slag can be recycled by iron（Fe）-ore sintering. However, the presence of 1.2wt% phosphorus（P） in the slag renders the material unsuitable for sintering operations. Electron probe microscopic analysis（EPMA） studies indicated concentration of phosphorus in dicalcium silicate phase as calcium phosphate. The Fe-bearing phases（i.e., wustite and dicalcium ferrite） showed comparatively lower concentrations of P compared with other phases in the slag. Attempts were made to lower the P content of LD slag by adopting various beneficiation techniques. Dry high-intensity magnetic separation and jigging were performed on as-received samples with particle sizes of 6 and 3 mm. Spiral separation was conducted using samples ground to sizes of less than 1 and 0.5 mm. Among these studies, grinding to 0.5 mm followed by spiral concentration demonstrated the best results, yielding a concentrate with about 0.75wt% P and 45wt% Fe.

关键词： steelmaking slag dephosphorization recycling

Biodegradable polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium for controlled drug delivery systems

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 116-122页

作者： Ranvijay kumar Kaushlendra sharma Birla Institute of Technology Pama 800014 India

Polymethacrylic acid （PMA） was synthesized on the backbone of psyllium （Psy） by a microwave assisted method to prepare polymeric grafted materials designated as （Psy-g-PMA）. Various grades of Psy-g-PMA were prepared by changing the degree of grafting from 35%- 58% and the materials were then made into tablets. Swelling and biodegradability studies of the tablets were carried out. Acetyl salicylic acid was incorporated in the various Psy-g-PMA samples and tablets were prepared to study the in vitro drug release in acidic （pH = 4）, neutral （pH = 7）, and basic （pH = 9） media. In the acidic medium, the swelling was more than 1300%. In addition, the biodegradable Psy-g-PMA had the highest drug release in the acidic medium. This may be attributed to Fickian diffusion since the drug and the medium in which it was released have the same acidic nature.

关键词： psyllium acetyl salicylic acid in-vitro drug release swelling biodegradation

THE GENERALIZED HYPERSTABILITY OF GENERAL LINEAR EQUATION IN QUASI-2-BANACH SPACE

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第4期42卷 1357-1372页

作者： Ravinder kumar sharma Sumit CHANDOK School of Mathematics Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala-147004India

In this paper,we study the hyperstability for the general linear equation f(ax+by)=Af(x)+Bf(y)in the setting of complete quasi-2-Banach *** first extend the main fixed point result of Brzdek and Ciepliński(Acta Mathematica Scientia,2018,38 B(2):377-390)to quasi-2-Banach spaces by defining an equivalent quasi-2-Banach *** we use this result to generalize the main results on the hyperstability for the general linear equation in quasi-2-Banach *** results improve and generalize many results of literature.

关键词： Hyperstability quasi-2-Banach spaces fixed point general linear equation

Biodiverse rotifer assemblage (Rotifera： Eurotatoria) of floodplain lakes of the Brahmaputra basin of lower Assam, northeast India： composition and ecosystem diversity

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第2期36卷 362-375页

作者： bhushan kumar sharma shaikhul islam khan sumita sharma Freshwater Biology Laboratory Department of Zoology North-Eastern Hill University Shillong-793 022 Meghalaya Indi

The study aims to ascertain the hypothesis on the rich rotifer biodiversity of the floodplain lakes （beels） of the Brahmaputra river basin and to use these metazoans to assess trophic status or to characterize habitat variations of wetlands. The plankton samples collected from four beels of lower Assam revealed 160 Rotifera species belonging to 35 genera and 19 families. The richness is of biodiversity value as -38.0% and -57.0% of the rotifer species known till date from India and northeast India （NEI）, respectively. One species each is new to the Oriental region and NEI, and three species are new to Assam; 23 species merit global biogeography interest and several exhibit distribution values in the Indian sub-region. The diverse Lecanidae 〉 Brachionidae 〉 Lepadellidae 〉 Trichocercidae and speciose littoral-periphytic Lecane〉 Lepadella〉Trichocerca, and richness of Brachionus spp. following removal of aquatic macrophytes are noteworthy. Overall rotifer composition showed homogeneity amongst beels while lower monthly richness and community similarities affirmed heterogeneity within individual beels. We propose L/B quotient based on Lecane： Brachionus species ratios to characterize habitat variations of the sampled wetlands. Slfide^ek＇s B/T quotient based on Brachionus： Trichocerca species ratios affirmed general ＇meso-trophic＇ status of different beels. Our results provided little insight on the influence of individual abiotic factors but the canonical correspondence analyses asserted higher cumulative influence of ten abiotic parameters on Rotifera richness in each beel.

关键词： B/T quotient L/B quotient intensive fishing habitat disturbance interesting taxa richness tropical beels

Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 222-229页

作者： Shailendra Raghuwanshi Swati Misra rajendra kumar Saxena Department of Microbiology University of Delhi South CampusBenito Juarez Road New Delhi 110 021India

Background： Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw （WS） and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% （w/w） on WS followed by fermentation with Ganodermo sp. for 10 d and compared in relation to biochemical parameters, crude protein （CP） content, and nutritional value by calculating the C/N ratio in order to improve the nutritional value of cattle feed. Results： Penicillium charlesii, a tannase-producing microorganism, produced 61.4 IU/mL of tannase in 54 h when 2% （w/v） tannic acid （TA） was initially used as a substrate in medium containing （% w/v） sucrose （1.0）, NaNO3 （1.0）, and MgSO4 （0.08 pH, 5.0） in a 300-L fermentor （working volume 220 L）, and concomitantly fed with 1.0% （w/v） TA after 24 h. The yield of partially purified and lyophilized tannase was 5.8 IU/mg. The tannin-free myco-straw at 0.1% （w/w） tannase showed 37.8% （w/w） lignin degradation with only a 20.4% （w/w） decrease in cellulose content and the in vitro feed digestibility was 32.2%. An increase in CP content （up to 1.28-fold） along with a lower C/N ratio of 25.0%, as compared to myco-straw, was obtained. Conclusions： The use of tannin-free myco-straw has potential to improve the nutritional content of cattle feed. This biological treatment process was safe, eco-friendly, easy to perform, and was less expensive as compared to other treatment methods.

关键词： Ganoderma sp High energy cattle feed Tannase Tannin free myco-straw