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Surface-functionalized hole-selective monolayer for high efficiency single-junction wide-bandgap and monolithic tandem perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 317-326,I0008页

作者： Devthade Vidyasagar Yeonghun Yun Jae Yu Cho Hyemin Lee Kyung Won Kim Yong Tae Kim Sung Woong Yang Jina Jung Won Chang Choi Seonu Kim rajendra kumar Gunasekaran Seok Beom Kang Kwang Heo Dong Hoe Kim Jaeyeong Heo Sangwook Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research CenterChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

Carbazole moiety-based 2PACz([2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid)self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)are excellent hole-selective contact(HSC)materials with abilities to excel the charge-transferdynamics of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we report a facile but powerful method to functionalize the surface of 2PACz-SAM,by which reproducible,highly stable,high-efficiency wide-bandgap PSCs can be *** 2PACz surface treatment with various donor number solvents improves assembly of 2PACz-SAM and leave residual surface-bound solvent molecules on 2PACz-SAM,which increases perovskite grain size,retards halide segregation,and accelerates hole *** surface functionalization achieves a high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.62%for a single-junction wide-bandgap(~1.77 e V)*** also demonstrate a monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cell using surfaceengineered HSC,showing high PCE of 24.66%with large open-circuit voltage of 2.008 V and high fillfactor of 81.45%.Our results suggest this simple approach can further improve the tandem device,when coupled with a high-performance narrow-bandgap sub-cell.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells 2PACz Monolithic tandem solar cells Wide bandgap

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Punjabi DeConverter for generating Punjabi from Universal Networking Language

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2013年第3期14卷 179-196页

作者： Parteek kumar rajendra kumar SHARMA Department of Computer Science & Engineering Thapar University School of Mathematics & Computer Applications Thapar University

DeConverter is core software in a Universal Networking Language(UNL) system.A UNL system has EnConverter and DeConverter as its two major *** is used to convert a natural language sentence into an equivalent UNL expression,and DeConverter is used to generate a natural language sentence from an input UNL *** paper presents design and development of a Punjabi *** describes five phases of the proposed Punjabi DeConverter,i.e.,UNL parser,lexeme selection,morphology generation,function word insertion,and syntactic *** paper also illustrates all these phases of the Punjabi DeConverter with a special focus on syntactic linearization issues of the Punjabi *** linearization is the process of defining arrangements of words in generated *** algorithms and pseudocodes for implementation of syntactic linearization of a simple UNL graph,a UNL graph with scope nodes and a node having un-traversed parents or multiple parents in a UNL graph have been discussed in this *** cases of syntactic linearization with respect to Punjabi language for UNL relations like 'and','or','fmt','cnt',and 'seq' have also been presented in this *** paper also provides implementation results of the proposed Punjabi *** DeConverter has been tested on 1000 UNL expressions by considering a Spanish UNL language server and agricultural domain threads developed by Indian Institute of Technology(IIT),Bombay,India,as *** proposed system generates 89.0% grammatically correct sentences,92.0% faithful sentences to the original sentences,and has a fluency score of 3.61 and an adequacy score of 3.70 on a 4-point *** system is also able to achieve a bilingual evaluation understudy(BLEU) score of 0.72.

关键词： DeConverter EnConverter Machine translation Universal Networking Language(UNL) Syntactic linearization

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Phosphorus partitioning and recovery of low-phosphorus iron-rich compounds through physical separation of Linz-Donawitz slag

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第7期23卷 751-759页

作者： Dilip Makhija rajendra kumar Rath Kaushik Chakravarty Abhay Shankar Patra Asim kumar Mukherjee Akhilesh kumar Dubey Research and Development Division Tata Steel Ltd. Mineral Processing Division CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory Raw Material Blending and Bedding Section Tata Steel Ltd.

The Linz-Donawitz（LD） steelmaking process produces LD slag at a rate of about 125 kg/t. After metallic scrap recovery, the non-metallic LD slag is rejected because its physical/chemical properties are unsuitable for recycling. X-ray diffraction（XRD） studies have indicated that non-metallic LD slag contains a substantial quantity of mineral phases such as di- and tricalcium silicates. The availability of these mineral phases indicates that LD slag can be recycled by iron（Fe）-ore sintering. However, the presence of 1.2wt% phosphorus（P） in the slag renders the material unsuitable for sintering operations. Electron probe microscopic analysis（EPMA） studies indicated concentration of phosphorus in dicalcium silicate phase as calcium phosphate. The Fe-bearing phases（i.e., wustite and dicalcium ferrite） showed comparatively lower concentrations of P compared with other phases in the slag. Attempts were made to lower the P content of LD slag by adopting various beneficiation techniques. Dry high-intensity magnetic separation and jigging were performed on as-received samples with particle sizes of 6 and 3 mm. Spiral separation was conducted using samples ground to sizes of less than 1 and 0.5 mm. Among these studies, grinding to 0.5 mm followed by spiral concentration demonstrated the best results, yielding a concentrate with about 0.75wt% P and 45wt% Fe.

关键词： steelmaking slag dephosphorization recycling

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Migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the stomach with or without trans-oral extrusion:A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 331-349页

作者： rajendra kumar Ghritlaharey Department of Paediatric Surgery Gandhi Medical College and AssociatedKamla Nehru and Hamidia HospitalsBhopal 462001Madhya PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Intra-gastric migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt(VPS)catheter clinically presenting with or without trans-oral extrusion is one of the rare complications of VPS catheter *** To identify the demographics,clinical presentation,clinical findings,and results of surgical therapy offered for the treatment of intra-gastric migration of the distal VPS catheter,clinically presented with or without trans-oral *** An online search was performed for the extraction/retrieval of the published/available literature pertaining to the above-mentioned VPS *** were searched from PubMed,PMC(PubMed Central),ResearchGate,and Google Scholar databases using various terminology relating to the VPS *** first case of migration of a VPS catheter into the stomach was reported in the year 1980,and the data were retrieved from 1980 to December *** were categorized into two groups;Group A:Cases who had migration of the distal VPS catheter into the stomach and clinically presented with trans-oral extrusion of the same,and Group B:Cases who had migration of the distal VPS catheter into the stomach,but presented without trans-oral *** A total of n=46 cases(n=27;58.69%male,and n=19;41.3%females)were recruited for the systematic *** A included n=32,and Group B n=14 *** hydrocephalus was the indication for the primary VPS insertion for approximately half of the(n=22)*** sixty percent(n=27)of them were children≤5 years of age at the time of the diagnosis of the complication mentioned *** seventy-two percent(n=33)cases,this complication was detected within 24 mo after the VPS insertion/last shunt *** diagnosis was evident for the entire group A *** diagnostic modalities were used to confirm the diagnosis for Group B *** surgical procedures were offered for the management of the complication in n=43 cases of both *** two

关键词： Complication Extrusion Hydrocephalus Migration Protrusion Stomach Shunt revision Ventriculoperitoneal shunt Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications

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Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 222-229页

作者： Shailendra Raghuwanshi Swati Misra rajendra kumar Saxena Department of Microbiology University of Delhi South CampusBenito Juarez Road New Delhi 110 021India

Background： Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw （WS） and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% （w/w） on WS followed by fermentation with Ganodermo sp. for 10 d and compared in relation to biochemical parameters, crude protein （CP） content, and nutritional value by calculating the C/N ratio in order to improve the nutritional value of cattle feed. Results： Penicillium charlesii, a tannase-producing microorganism, produced 61.4 IU/mL of tannase in 54 h when 2% （w/v） tannic acid （TA） was initially used as a substrate in medium containing （% w/v） sucrose （1.0）, NaNO3 （1.0）, and MgSO4 （0.08 pH, 5.0） in a 300-L fermentor （working volume 220 L）, and concomitantly fed with 1.0% （w/v） TA after 24 h. The yield of partially purified and lyophilized tannase was 5.8 IU/mg. The tannin-free myco-straw at 0.1% （w/w） tannase showed 37.8% （w/w） lignin degradation with only a 20.4% （w/w） decrease in cellulose content and the in vitro feed digestibility was 32.2%. An increase in CP content （up to 1.28-fold） along with a lower C/N ratio of 25.0%, as compared to myco-straw, was obtained. Conclusions： The use of tannin-free myco-straw has potential to improve the nutritional content of cattle feed. This biological treatment process was safe, eco-friendly, easy to perform, and was less expensive as compared to other treatment methods.

关键词： Ganoderma sp High energy cattle feed Tannase Tannin free myco-straw

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Genetic Relationship and Structure Analysis of Root Growth Angle for Improvement of Drought Avoidance in Early and Mid-Early Maturing Rice Genotypes

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Rice science 2020年第2期27卷 124-132页

作者： Elssa PANDIT rajendra kumar PANDA Auromeera SAHOO Dipti Ranjan PANI Sharat kumar PRADHAN Crop Improvement Division ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 753006India Orissa University of Agriculture&Technology Bhubaneswar 751003India ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource Base Center National Rice Research InstituteCuttackOdisha 753006India

Deeper rooting 1(Dro1)and Deeper rooting 2(Dro2)are the QTLs that contribute considerably to root growth angle assisting in deeper rooting of rice *** the present study,a set of 348 genotypes were shortlisted from rice germplasm based on root angle *** results of the germplasm lines under drought stress identified 25 drought tolerant donor lines based on leaf rolling,leaf drying,spikelet fertility and single plant yield.A panel containing 101 genotypes was constituted based on screening results and genotyped using Dro1 and Dro2 *** software categorized the genotypes into four sub-populations with different fixation index values for root growth *** clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis could differentiate the genotypes with or without deeper rooting *** dendrogram constructed based on the molecular screening for deep rooting QTLs showed clear distinction between the rainfed upland cultivars and irrigated *** genotypes,namely Dular,Tepiboro,Surjamukhi,Bamawpyan,N22,Dinorado,Karni,Kusuma,Bowdel,Lalsankari and Laxmikajal,possessed both the QTLs,whereas 67 genotypes possessed only *** average angle of Dro positive genotypes ranged from 82.7°to 89.7°.These genotypes possessing the deeper rooting QTLs can be taken as donor lines to be used in marker-assisted breeding programs.

关键词： root growth angle Dro1 Dro2 deeper rooting upland rice drought avoidance

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A detailed study on trust management techniques for security and privacy in IoT:challenges,trends,and research directions

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高置信计算(英文) 2023年第2期3卷 71-82页

作者： Himani Tyagi rajendra kumar Santosh Kr Pandey Department of Computer Science Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India Department of EC&IT MeityNew Delhi 110003India

The Internet of Things is a modern technology that is directed at easing human life by automating most of the things used in daily *** never-ending dependency on the network for communication is attracting adversaries to exploit the vulnerabilities of ***,this technology is facing some serious issues and challenges concerning security and *** issues and challenges are the real motivation behind considering this ***,this survey includes a discussion about security and privacy challenges as well as available solutions for IoT based wireless sensor *** systematic literature review(SLR)focuses particularly on a popular and applicable security approach known as Trust Management System(TMS).Firstly,all aspects of trust management,including trust indicators,trust properties,trust evaluation,trust building,trust models and the importance of those models for security and privacy,trust prediction methodologies,and ultimately trust-based attacks,are covered in this ***,trust management schemes are classified into four groups based on the methodology used for trust-based security solutions in the IoT:cryptography-based,computational and probabilistic-based,information theory-based,and ***,an understanding of the problems and difficulties with current methodologies is given,along with suggestions for further ***,the SLR is concluded by formulating the desirable characteristics of a trust management system in the IoT and proposing a trust model suitable for IoT networks.

关键词： Trust Trust management approaches IoT Security Privacy Reliability Attacks Trust attributes Systematic literature review Cybersecurity

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Effect of samarium doping on structural, optical and magnetic properties of vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第10期35卷 1002-1007页

作者： D.Ranjith kumar K.S.Ranjith L.R.Nivedita R.T.rajendra kumar Department of Nanoscience and Technology Bharathiar University Coimbatore India Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL) Department of Physics Bharathiar University Coimbatore India

Samarium doped vertically aligned one dimensional ZnO nanorod（NR） arrays were grown by vapor phase transport（VPT） method through vapor solid（VS） growth process. Influence of different concentrations（0% to 8%） of Sm（all Sm contents in the paper are in mass fraction） on the ZnO NR arrays were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, photoluminescence（PL）, Raman spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry（VSM） techniques, respectively. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the ZnO NR arrays were perfectly oriented along（002） crystallographic orientation with wurtzite crystal structure. Photoluminescence results showed an increase in oxygen vacancies due to increase in Sm doping. M-H curves revealed enhanced ferromagnetic behavior, and the magnetic moment values were 0.45, 0.363, 1.694, 3.613 and 2.197 emu/cm^3 for（0–8%） Sm doped ZnO NR arrays respectively. The curve revealed that paramagnetic behavior was observed for undoped ZnO NR arrays and on increasing the Sm dopant to 4%, paramagnetic switched to ferromagnetic behavior.

关键词： Sm doped ZnO room temperature ferromagnetism(RTFM) defects rare earths

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High-performance self-powered color filter-free blue photodetector based on wide-bandgap halide perovskites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第21期152卷 100-108页

作者： Yeonghun Yun Hanbyeol Cho Jina Jung Sung Woong Yang Devthade Vidyasagar rajendra kumar Gunasekaran Sangwook Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University(KNU)Daegu 41566South Korea KNU Advanced Material Research Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea Institute of Microstructure Technology&Light Technology Institute Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Federal Republic of Germany

Blue photodetectors(PDs)are attracting great attention for various *** blue PDs based on inorganic GaP or InGaN absorbers are limited by their expensive,complex,and high-temperature fabrication *** absorber-based blue PDs still have much lower photode-tecting properties than inorganic blue *** this study,a high-performance self-powered blue PD is developed using methylammonium lead halide(MAPbX_(3);X=I,Br,and Cl)perovskites based on the eco-nomic and facile solution process at low *** composition is obtained through halide-composition *** best-performing device exhibits an average external quantum efficiency and an average detectivity of 42.7%and 8.65×10^(11) Jones,respectively,within the blue *** peak responsivity of the proposed PD is 0.174 A W^(−1) at 455 nm,which is comparable to that of commercial gallium phosphide blue PD(0.180 A W^(−1) at 470 nm).Moreover,the proposed device exhibits excellent environmental stability under ambient air *** findings will act as a basis for next-generation image sensor technologies,such as vertically stacked red/green/blue PDs.

关键词： Perovskites Photodetectors Blue Composition engineering Self-powered Wide bandgap

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Photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A in the presence of prepared Ce_xZn_(1-x)O nanocomposites under irradiation of sunlight

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2362-2368页

作者： Kamaraj M. Ranjith K.S. Rajeshwari Sivaraj rajendra kumar R.T. Hasna Abdul Salam Department of Biotechnology Dr.N.G.P. Arts and Science College Coimbatore 641048 Tamil Nadu India Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory Department of Physics Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 Tamil Nadu India Department of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Karpagam University Coimbatore 641021 Tamil Nadu India

Photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A （BPA）, a representative endocrine disruptor chemical, was carried out under irradiation of sunlight in the presence of CexZn1-xO nanophotocatalyst. Cerium （Ce） ions were successfully incorporated into the bulk lattice of ZnO by simple co-precipitation process. The CexZn1-xO composite nanostructures exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure ZnO in the degradation of BPA under sunlight irradiation and nearly complete mineralization of BPA was achieved. The degradation rate was strongly dependent on factors such as the size and structure of catalyst, doping material concentration, BPA concentration, catalyst load, irradiation time and pH levels. This work suggested that the CexZn1-xO assisted photocatalytic degradation is a versatile, economic, environmentally benign and efficient method for BPA removal in the aqueous environment.

关键词： Bisphenol A (BPA) ZnO CexZn1-xO Sunlight Co-precipitation Cerium

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