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New early Eocene vertebrate assemblage from western India reveals a mixed fauna of European and Gondwana affinities

Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第6期7卷 969-1001页

作者： Thierry smith Kishor Kumar rajendra s.rana Annelise Folie Floreal sole Corentin Noiret Thomas steeman Ashok sahni Kenneth D.Rose Directorate Earth and History of Life Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences29 rue VautierB-1000BrusselsBelgium Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 33 General Mahadeo Singh RoadDehradun248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Geology H.N.B.Garhwal UniversitySrinagar246175UttarakhandIndia scientific Heritage survey Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences29 rue VautierB-1000BrusselsBelgium Department of Geology University of Namur61 rue de BruxellesB-5000NamurBelgium Research Unit Palaeontology Ghent UniversityKrijgslaan 28158B-9000GhentBelgium Centre of Advanced study in Geology Panjab UniversityChandigarh160014India Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA

The Ypresian Cambay shale Formation at Vastan and Mangrol lignite mines in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich vertebrate fauna with numerous taxa of European affinities. Here we report a new, approximately contemporary vertebrate assemblage from two fossiliferous layers in the nearby mine of Tadkeshwar. These layers have yielded a similar mammal fauna with the co-occurrence of the perissodactyl-like cambaytheriid Cambaytherium thewissi, the adapoid primates Marcgodinotius indicus and cf. Asiadapis cambayensis, and the hyaenodontid lndohyaenodon raoi. The presence of these species in both Vastan and Tadkeshwar mines and at different levels suggests that the deposits between the two major lignite seams represent a single land mammal age. Apart from the aforementioned species there is a new, smaller species of Cambaytherium, and a new genus and species of esthonychid tillodont. This fauna also contains the first large early Eocene vertebrates from India, including an unidentified Coryphodon-like pantodont, a dyrosaurid crocodyliform and a new giant madtsoiid snake. Among the Tadkeshwar vertebrates several taxa are of Gondwana affinities, such as Pelomedusoides turtles, dyr- osaurids, and large madtsoiids, attesting that the early Eocene was a crucial period in India during which Laurasian taxa of European affinities co-existed with relict taxa from Gondwana before the India-Asia collision. Our results suggest that terrestrial faunas could have dispersed to or from Europe during episodes of contact between the Indian subcontinent and different island blocks along the northern margin of the Neotethys, such as the Kohistan Ladakh island-arc system. Gondwana taxa might represent remnants of ghost lineages shared with Madagascar, which reached the Indian subcontinent during the late Cretaceous; alternatively they might have come from North Africa and passed along the southern margin of the Neotethys to reach the Indian subcontinent. These dispersals would have been

关键词： Vertebrates snakes Mammals Primates Cambay shale Formation Ypresian

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Unraveling the nature of sensing in electrostatic MEMs gas sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 109-117页

作者： Yasser s.shama sasan Rahmanian Hamza Mouharrar rana Abdelrahman Alaaeldin Elhady Eihab M.Abdel-Rahman systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Ave WWaterloo N2L 3G1 ONCanada Mechanical Engineering Benha Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenha 13511Egypt

This paper investigates the fundamental sensing mechanism of electrostatic MEMs gas *** compares among the responsivities of a set of MEMs isopropanol sensors before and after functionalization,and in the presence and absence of electrostatic fields when operated in static and dynamic detection *** the static mode,we found that the sensors do not exhibit a measurable change in displacement due to added *** the other hand,bare sensors showed a clear change in displacement in response to isopropanol *** the dynamic mode,functionalized sensors showed a measurable frequency shift due to the added mass of isopropanol *** the presence of strong electrostatic fields,the measured frequency shift was found to be threefold larger than that in their absence in response to the same concentration of isopropanol *** enhanced responsivity of dynamic detection allows the sensors to measure the vapor mass captured by the functional material,which is not the case for static *** detection of isopropanol by bare sensors in static mode shows that change in the medium permittivity is the primary sensing *** enhanced responsivity of dynamic mode sensors when operated in strong electrostatic fields shows that their sensing mechanism is a combination of a weaker added mass effect and a stronger permittivity *** findings show that electrostatic MEMs gas sensors are independent of the direction of the gravitational field and are,thus,robust to changes in *** is erroneous to refer to them as‘gravimetric’sensors.

关键词： mechanism electrostatic measurable

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An Overview of PRP-Delivering scaffolds for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 674-693页

作者： somayeh Baghersad Behzad Bolandi rana Imani shabnam Afaghi samira Davoudinia Department of Textile Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Tehran159163-4311Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Tehran159163-4311Iran

Tissue engineering is nowadays an emerging approach that aims to replace or regenerate diseased or damaged organs with engineered constructs. Considering the key role of growth factors (GFs) in the tissue regeneration process, these biomolecules are considered an important part of the tissue engineering process, so the presence of growth factors in engineered scaffolds can accelerate tissue regeneration by influencing the behavior of cells. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous source of a variety of growth factors, is considered a therapeutic agent for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Regarding its ability to promote the healing process and tissue regeneration, PRP therapy has attracted great attention in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Incorporating PRP and its derivatives into engineered scaffolds not only bioactivates the scaffold, but the scaffold matrix also acts as a sustained and localized growth factor release system. In addition, the presence of a scaffold can promote the bioactivity of GFs by providing an environment that facilitates their interaction, leading to enhanced effects compared to their free form. This review presents a brief overview of PRP's role in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration with the main focus on scaffold-mediated PRP delivery. In addition, the classification of platelet-rich products, current extraction techniques, terminology, and scaffold bioactivation methods are presented to provide a better understanding of the basics and the key aspects that may affect the effectiveness of therapy in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

关键词： Platelet-rich plasma Growth factors delivery scaffold Bone Cartilage

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Design and engineering of logic genetic-enzymatic gates based on the activity of the human CYP2C9 enzyme in permeabilized saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

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synthetic and systems Biotechnology 2024年第3期9卷 406-415页

作者： rana Azeem Ashraf Matthias Bureik Mario Andrea Marchisio school of Pharmaceutical science and Technology Tianjin University300072TianjinChina

Gene circuits allow cells to carry out complex functions such as the precise regulation of biological metabolic *** this study,we combined,in the yeast ***,genetic regulatory elements with the enzymatic reactions of the human CYP2C9 and its redox partner CPR on luciferin substrates and *** cells were permeabilized and used as enzyme bags in order to host these metabolic *** engineered three different(genetic)-enzymatic basic Boolean gates(YEs,NOT,and N-IMPLY).In the YEs and N-IMPLY gates,human CYP2C9 was expressed under the galactose-inducible GAL1 *** carbon monoxide releasing molecule CORM-401 was used as an input in the NOT and N-IMPLY gates to impair CYP2C9 activity through inhibition of the Fe+2-heme prosthetic group in the active site of the human *** study provides a new approach in designing synthetic bio-circuits and optimizing experimental conditions to favor the heterologous expression of human drug metabolic enzymes over their endogenous *** new approach will help study precise metabolic attributes of human P450s.

关键词： Cytochrome P450 Drug metabolism Budding yeast Diclofenac synthetic biology CORM-401 Boolean gates

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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： santosh Kumar rana Hum Kala rana Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng Charles C.Davis Hang sun CAs Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA school of Integrative Plant science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAs Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate *** high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration stellera chamaejasme

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Detection of Real-Time Distributed Denial-of-service (DDos) Attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2139-2159页

作者： Zaed Mahdi Nada Abdalhussien Naba Mahmood rana Zaki Information Technology Center University of TechnologyBaghdad00964Iraq Continuous Education Center University of TechnologyBaghdad00964Iraq Computer science Department University of TechnologyBaghdad00964Iraq

The primary concern of modern technology is cyber attacks targeting the Internet of *** it is one of the most widely used networks today and vulnerable to ***-time threats pose with modern cyber attacks that pose a great danger to the Internet of Things(IoT)networks,as devices can be monitored or service isolated from them and affect users in one way or *** Internet of Things networks is an important matter,as it requires the use of modern technologies and methods,and real and up-to-date data to design and train systems to keep pace with the modernity that attackers use to confront these *** of the most common types of attacks against IoT devices is Distributed Denial-of-service(DDos)*** paper makes a unique contribution that differs from existing studies,in that we use recent data that contains real traffic and real attacks on IoT *** a hybrid method for selecting relevant features,And also how to choose highly efficient *** gives the model a high ability to detect distributed denial-of-service *** model proposed is based on a two-stage process:selecting essential features and constructing a detection model using the K-neighbors algorithm with two classifier algorithms logistic regression and stochastic Gradient Descent classifier(sGD),combining these classifiers through ensemble machine learning(stacking),and optimizing parameters through Grid search-CV to enhance system *** were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model using the CIC-IoT2023 and CIC-DDos2019 *** evaluation demonstrated the potential of our model in robust intrusion detection in IoT networks,achieving an accuracy of 99.965%and a detection time of 0.20 s for the CIC-IoT2023 dataset,and 99.968%accuracy with a detection time of 0.23 s for the CIC-DDos 2019 ***,a comparative analysis with recent related works highlighted the superiority of our methodology in in

关键词： DDos service networks

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A study on the form contemporary developments of Tabriz leather and shoe Bazaar(marketplace)from the late Qajar to current period

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 741-763页

作者： rana Najjari Nabi Nahideh Rezaei Rahmat Mohammad Zadeh Farzin Haghparast Department of Architectural Engineering&Urban Design Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityTehranIran Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Tabriz Islamic Art UniversityTabrizIran Department of Civil Architecture GroupUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran

Bazaars are considered essential components of a society’s economy and significant features in the urban context of cities,which have emerged based on exchanging goods and meeting people’s *** the late Qajar period,amidst the rapid changes resulting from interaction with modernization,the form of Tabriz Grand Bazaar has undergone significant *** research aims to explain the contemporary transformations of marketplace form in the leather and shoe *** objectives aim to elucidate the contemporary physical,functional,and sementic changes and propose *** research method is qualitative,with a phenomenological *** results indicate that the Bazaar has lost some physical and sementic *** providing goods,it has failed to meet the public’s demands because of eliminating production workshops by changing the productive function to service-oriented and the size and shape of *** decline of religious activities is also one reason for the diminished sementic *** functional and physical aspects,some proposed solutions include preserving the authenticity of the spaces and utilizing suitable Functions with the dominant architectural *** sementic characteristics,suggestions include enhancing the sense of identity.

关键词： Contemporary developments Form Functional_Physical_semantic factors Marketplace Bazaar

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Extraction,Utilization Pattern and Prioritization of Fuel Resources for Conservation in Manali Wildlife sanctuary,Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain science 2012年第4期9卷 580-588页

作者： Man s.rana sakshi B.rana s.s.sAMANT Department of Plant sciences Government CollegeBanjar-Kullu175123Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Plant sciences Government CollegeKullu175101Himachal PradeshIndia G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment&Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu175126Himachal PradeshIndia

Fuelwood is the main source of the energy in mountainous ***,annual wood consumption is very *** on fuelwood resources,and their extraction and availability is very ***,present study was carried out to study the diversity of fuelwood species,annual collection,preference and availability of fuel species in the *** four species(25 trees and 9 shrubs) were extracted for fuel by the *** collection and species preference was highest for Picea smithiana,Cedrus deodara,Indigofera heterantha,Pinus wallchiana and sorbaria tomentosa,*** use index indicating use pressure was highest for ***,***,*** and Abies pindrow,*** native species,some non-native horticultural and agroforestry species such as Malus pumila,***,Celtis australis,*** also being used as *** species showed their availability in eight forest types whereas,population and regeneration status was ***,immediate actions are suggested to sustain current and future demand of *** afforestation of degraded,uncultivated and marginal lands through high quality and preferred fuel species might reduce pressure on wild and selective species.

关键词： Fuelwood Resource Use Index Communities Conservation

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Enhancing performance and longevity of solid-state zinc-iodine batteries with fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interphase

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Materials Futures 2024年第3期3卷 121-131页

作者： Yongxin Huang Yiqing Wang Xiyue Peng Tongen Lin Xia Huang Norah s Alghamdi Masud rana Peng Chen Cheng Zhang Andrew K Whittaker Lianzhou Wang and Bin Luo Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia school of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia school of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh 11564Saudi Arabia

Rechargeable zinc-iodine(ZnI_(2))batteries have gained popularity within the realm of aqueous batteries due to their inherent advantages,including natural abundance,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical ***,challenges persist in their practical applications,notably battery swelling and vulnerability in aqueous electrolytes,primarily linked to the hydrogen evolution reaction and zinc dendrite *** address these challenges,this study presents an innovative approach by designing a solid-state ZnI_(2)battery featuring a solid perfluoropolyether based polymer *** results demonstrate the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer on zinc,promoting horizontal zinc growth,mitigating dendrite penetration,and enhancing battery cycle ***,the solid electrolyte hinders the iodine ion shuttle effect,reducing zinc foil *** batteries employing this electrolyte demonstrate excellent cycle performance,maintaining stability for approximately 5000 h at room temperature,while solid-state ZnI_(2)batteries exhibit over 7000 cycles with a capacity retention exceeding 72.2%.This work offers a promising pathway to achieving reliable energy storage in solid-state ZnI_(2)batteries and introduces innovative concepts for flexible and wearable zinc batteries.

关键词： zinc-iodine battery solid electrolyte zinc metal anode electrolyte interphase shuttle effect

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secure and resilient improved image steganography using hybrid fuzzy neural network with fuzzy logic

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Journal of safety science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 91-101页

作者： sachin Dhawan Hemanta Kumar Bhuyan subhendu Kumar Pani Vinayakumar Ravi Rashmi Gupta Arun rana Alanoud Al Mazroa Dorset College King George BlvdSurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada Department of Information Technology Vignan’s Foundation for ScienceTechnology and Research(Deemed to be University)Andhra PradeshIndia Krupajal Computer Academy Biju Patnaik University of Technology(BPUT)Rourkela 751002India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia NsUT East Campus(Formerly AIACTRDelhi 110031India(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Inderaprastha University))Dwarka 110078India Department of Computer science and Engineering Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida 201310Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)P.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia

The exponential growth in communication networks,data technology,advanced libraries,and mainly World Wide Web services has played a pivotal role in facilitating the retrieval of various types of information as ***,this progress has also led to security concerns related to the transmission of confidential ***,safeguarding these data during communication through insecure channels is crucial for obvious *** emergence of steganography offers a robust approach to concealing confidential information,such as images,audio tracks,text files,and video files,in suitable media carriers.A novel technique is envisioned based on back-propagation *** to the proposed method,a hybrid fuzzy neural network(HFNN)is applied to the output obtained from the least significant bit substitution of secret data using pixel value dif-ferences and exploiting the modification *** simulation and test results,it has been observed that the proposed methodology achieves secure steganography and superior visual *** the experiments,we observed that for the secret image of the cameraman,the PsNR&MsE values of the proposed technique are 61.963895 and 0.041361,respectively.

关键词： Image enhancement Image processing steganography Deep learning Fuzzy neural combination

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