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Modulatory effects of Azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in mice

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2749-2755页

作者： Subhash Chander Gangar rajat sandhir Durg Vijay Rai Ashwani Koul Department of Biophysics Basic Medical Sciences Block Panjab UniversityChandigarhPIN-160014India Department of Biochemistry Basic Medical Sciences Block Panjab UniversityChandigarhPIN-160014India

AIM： To evaluate the chemopreventive effects of aqueous Azadimchta indica （A indica） leaf extract （AAILE） against benzo（a）pyrene [B（a）P]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in Balb/c mice. METHODS： Female Balb/c mice were divided into four groups of 10-12 animals each. For induction of forestomach tumors, starting from d 14 of the experiment, mice of B（a）P and B（a）P＋A indica groups were given intra-gastric instillations of B（a）P （40 mg/kg）, twice a week for four weeks. Mice ofA indica and B（a）P＋A indica groups were orally administered with AAILE （100 mg/kg）, two weeks prior to B（a）P instillations till the end of the experiment. After 22 wk of the first B（a）P instillation, mice were sacrificed and the forestomachs were analyzed for development of tumors, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and histopathology. RESULTS： Tumor incidence was observed to be 100% in mice that received only B（a）P. However, treatment with AAILE reduced the tumor incidence by 58.4% as observed in mice of B（a）P＋A indica group when compared to that of B（a）P group. Similarly, the tumor burden and multiplicity were seen to decrease by 87.3% and 69.6% respectively in mice of B（a）P＋A indica group when compared to those of B（a）P group. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that AAILE treatment itself did not cause any abnormalities on the surface architecture of forestomach epithelium. In tumorous forestomach, surface disruption was observed. Over the forestomach tumors of B（a）P group of mice certain rounded structures were seen in addition to closely placed tongue-shaped squamous cells. Interestingly, these rounded structures were not observed in B（a）P ＋ A indica group of mice. Histopathalogically, the tumors were identical and diagnosed to be papillomas. Mice from control and A indica groups of mice did not develop any forestomach tumors and showed normal histo-architecture. CONCLUSION： The present data suggest that A indica exerts chemopreventive effects against B（a）P-induced forestomac

关键词： Azadirachta indica Benzo(a)pyrene, Chemoprevention Histopathology Scanning electron microscopy

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Molecular and biochemical trajectories from diabetes to Alzheimer's disease: A critical appraisal

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第12期6卷 1223-1242页

作者： rajat sandhir Smriti Gupta Department of Biochemistry Panjab University

Diabetes mellitus(DM), a metabolic disorder is a major orchestra influencing brain and behavioral responses via direct or indirect mechanisms. Many lines of evidence suggest that diabetic patients apparently face severe brain complications, but the story is far from being fully understood. Type 2 diabetes, an ever increasing epidemic and its chronic brain complications are implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Evidences from clinical and experimental studies suggest that insulin draws a clear trajectory from the peripheral system to the central nervous system. This review is a spot light on striking pathological, bio-chemical, molecular and behavioral commonalities of AD and DM. Incidence of cognitive decline in diabetic patients and diabetic symptoms in AD patients has brought the concept of brain diabetes to attention. Brain diabetes reflects insulin resistant brain state with oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, activation of various inflammatory cascade and mitochondrial vulnerability as a shared footprint of AD and DM. It has become extremely important for the investigators to understand the patho-physiology of brain complications in diabetes and put intensive pursuits for therapeutic interventions. Although, decades of research have yielded a range of molecules with potential beneficial effects, but they are yet to meet the expectations.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Alzheimer's disease Insulin Type 2 diabetes Type 3 diabetes

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Modelling of electronegative collisional warm plasma for plasma-surface interaction process

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第4期23卷 48-54页

作者： rajat DHAWAN Hitendra K MALIK Plasma Science and Technology Laboratory Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi—110016India

An electronegative collisional plasma having warm and massive positive ions,non-extensive distributed electrons and Boltzmann distributed negative ions is modelled for the plasma-surface interaction process that is used for the surface *** the sheath formation is evaluated through the Bohm’s criterion,which is found to be modified,and the variation of the sheath thickness and profiles of the density of plasma species and the net space charge density in the sheath region in addition to the electric *** effect of ion temperature,nonextensivity and collisional parameter is examined in greater detail considering the collisional cross-section to obey power-law dependency on the positive ion *** positive ions are found to enter in the sheath region at lower velocities in the collisional plasma compared to the case of collision-less plasma;this velocity sees minuscule reduction with increasing *** increasing ion temperature and collisional parameter lead to the formation of sheath with smaller thickness.

关键词： electronegative sheath ion temperature non-extensivity sheath thickness power-law dependency collisions

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WiSeREmulator: An Emulation Framework for Wireless Structural Health Monitoring

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第4期20卷 317-326页

作者： rajat Khanda Rong Zheng Gangbing Song Department of Electrical Eng. University of Houston Department of Computing and Software Mc Master University

Many competing approaches exist in evaluating sensor network solutions differing by levels of ease of use, cost, control, and realism. Existing work concentrates on simulating network protocols or emulating processing units at the machine cycle level. However, little has been done to emulate the sensors and the physical environments that they monitor. The main contribution of this work is the design of WiserEmulator, an emulation framework for structural health monitoring, which gracefully balances the trade-offs between realism, controllability, and cost. WiserEmulator consists of two main components -- a testbed of wireless sensor nodes and a software emulation environment. To emulate the excitation and response of piezo-electric transducers, as well as the wave propagation inside concrete structures, the COMSOL Multi-Physics software was utilized. Digitized sensing output from COMSOL was played back via a multi-channel Digital-to-Analog Converter （DAC） connected to the wireless sensor testbed. In addition to the emulation of concrete structures, WiSeREmulator also allows users to choose pre- stored data collected from field experiments and synthesized data. A user-friendly Graphical User Interface （GUI） was developed that facilitates intuitive configurations of experimental settings, control of the on-set and progression of the experiments, and real-time visualization of experimental results. We have implemented WiSeREmulator in MATLAB. This work advances the state of the art in providing low cost solutions to evaluating Cyber Physical Systems such as wireless structural health monitoring networks.

关键词： structure health monitoring cyber physical systems emulater

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A review of stabilization methods for DCMG with CPL,the role of bandwidth limits and droop control

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 14-25页

作者： Sarah Ansari Jing Zhang rajat Emanuel Singh Engineering and Information Technology University of ArkansasLittle RockLittle RockUSA. Northwestern College Orange CityIowaUSA.

DC microgrids(DCMGs)integrate and coordinate various DC distribution generation units including various renew-able energy sources and battery storage systems,and have been used in satellites,the International Space Station,telecom power stations,computer power supplies,electric aircraft,and electric ***,the presence of constant power loads(CPLs)can cause instability in ***,this paper reviews the stabilization techniques that can resolve instability caused by CPLs,as well as various parameters of CPLs,such as bandwidth,and the frequency of the CPLs that can stabilize the *** also discusses recent trends and future work in finding stability limits using the parameters of *** should be useful for directing research towards appropriate mathematical and experimental approaches for the stability of DCMGs with CPLs.

关键词： DC microgrids DC distribution generation units Stability Constant power loads Bandwidth

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All-optical adder/subtractor based on terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第6期7卷 530-533页

作者： Dilip Kumar Gayen rajat Kumar Pal Jitendra Nath Roy Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Management Department of Computer Science and Engineering Calcutta University Department of Physics College of Engineering and ManagementKolaghat KTPP Township

An all-optical adder/subtractor （A/S） unit with the （TOAD） is proposed. The all-optical A/S unit with help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer a set of all-optical full-adders and optical exclusive- ORs （XORs）, can be used to perform a fast central processor unit using optical hardware components. We try to exploit the advantages of TOAD-based optical switch to design an integrated all-optical circuit which can perform binary addition and subtraction. With computer simulation results confirming the described methods, conclusions are given.

关键词： EDFA XOR All-optical adder/subtractor based on terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer mode

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Bed roughness and grain sorting-an experimental study over fine to medium sand beds

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第3期32卷 384-400页

作者： Barendra Purkait Dipanjan Das Majumdar rajat Mazumder Geological Studies Unit Indian Statistical Institute Department of Geology University of Calcutta Department of Remote Sensing& GIS Vidyasagar University School of Biology Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Dept. of Applied Geology Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University malaysia

The relation between grain-size distribution of the bed and in suspension was critically examined under a uniform flow velocity of 50 cm/s over two beds: one of mainly fine sands and the other of medium sands. Two sections-one 2.85 m downstream and the other 6.35 m downstream in the experimental channel-were selected for sampling to study the grain-sorting pattern in the vertical direction along the direction of transport. The shape and type of the grain-size distribution pattern were critically studied with height above the bed. The change in the distribution pattern has been attributed to the change of local bed roughness causing scouring against the protruded relatively coarse grains on the bed. Such trends are important to predict the nature of river bed topography. The sand of Bed-1 initially exhibits a log-skew-Laplace distribution at different heights of suspension. The distribution pattern, however,changes but this changing pattern is not consistent along the upstream side. For Bed-2, which initially exhibits a log-normal distribution, the same pattern persists from the height of suspension at 5 cm up to20 cm. Such consistency in log-normality is also observed at the downstream points of measurement. It is generally expected that the mean grain-size would reduce with increases of suspension height but the results of the experiments, in some occasions, differ significantly from the gradual fining upward *** result has been attributed to local changes of bed roughness arising from the protruded relatively coarse grains causing eddies, scouring, and turbulent phenomena which moves coarse particles higher in suspension adding a coarse tail to the distribution increasing the mean grain-size.

关键词： Flume experiments Suspension height Uniform flow velocity Bed roughness Grain-size distribution Bed scouring Turbulent flow

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The response of stromatolites to seismic shocks： Tomboliths from the Palaeoproterozoic Chaibasa Formation, E India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第4期5卷 381-390页

作者： A.J. (Tom) van Loon rajat Mazumder Shuvabrata De Geocom Consultants Valle del Portet 17 03762 Benitachell Spain Department of Applied Geology Faculty of Science and Engineering Curtin University Sarawak CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Bhopal By-pass Road Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India

It is demonstrated here for the first time how Palaeoproterozoic stromatolites survived seismic disturbance of their substrate. The stromatolites under study could have been cyanobacteria or any other photo-autotrophic microbes, which formed mats that covered a substrate of very fine-grained sandstones and mudstones of the Chaibasa Fm. in eastern India. The sediments represent a shelf environment. The local abundance of the stromatotites suggests that the tow-energy environment formed a suitable habitat. The common phases of tectonic quiescence were, however, occasionally interrupted by seismic shocks. These were sufficiently strong to deform the mat layers, the tower parts of which might already have been （semi-） consolidated. The mats became partly folded, partly faulted, and already consolidated parts of the stromatotite layers broke off. This can be deduced from the angular shapes of part of the broken-off fragments. It appears, however, that part of these fragments were stilt sufficiently soft to become rounded and deformed by rotting over the seafloor, probably under the influence of tidal currents. When come to rest, these fragments served as a new substrate for new generations of the microorganisms. These micro-organisms thus survived by continued growth on the reworked fragments and built up new stromatolites that may show an ‘angular disconformity＇ with the stromatotites of their substrate. It thus is shown that stromatotites have an adequate response to a sudden disturbance of their habitat, and that they survive earthquakes by colonization of broken-off fragments. We call the ‘healed＇ fragments ‘tombotiths＇（tumbled stones）.

关键词： Stromatolites Seismic shocks Soft-sediment deformation structures Pataeoproterozoic Singhbhum craton Tombotiths India

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Dengue fever presenting as acute liver failure-a case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 323-324页

作者： rajat Jhamb Bineeta Kashyap Ranga GS Kumar A Department of Medicine University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital Department of Microbiology University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital

Dengue fever(DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever(DHF) are important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and recognized as important emerging infectious diseases in the tropics and *** to nine reporting countries in the 1950s,today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries *** viral infections are known to present a diverse clinical spectrum,ranging from asymptomatic illness to fatal dengue shock syndrome. Mild hepatic dysfunction in dengue haemorrhagic fever is ***,its presentation as acute liver failure(ALF) is *** report a patient with dengue shock syndrome who presented with acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy in a recent outbreak of dengue fever in Delhi,India.

关键词： Arboviral Dengue Haemorrhagic fever Hepatic disfunction Mosquito borne disease

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A new approach for real time object detection and tracking on high resolution and multi-camera surveillance videos using GPU

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第1期23卷 130-144页

作者： Mohammad Farukh Hashmi Ritu Pal rajat Saxena Avinash G.Keskar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology

High resolution cameras and multi camera systems are being used in areas of video surveillance like security of public places, traffic monitoring, and military and satellite imaging. This leads to a demand for computational algorithms for real time processing of high resolution videos. Motion detection and background separation play a vital role in capturing the object of interest in surveillance videos, but as we move towards high resolution cameras, the time-complexity of the algorithm increases and thus fails to be a part of real time systems. Parallel architecture provides a surpass platform to work efficiently with complex algorithmic solutions. In this work, a method was proposed for identifying the moving objects perfectly in the videos using adaptive background making, motion detection and object estimation. The pre-processing part includes an adaptive block background making model and a dynamically adaptive thresholding technique to estimate the moving objects. The post processing includes a competent parallel connected component labelling algorithm to estimate perfectly the objects of interest. New parallel processing strategies are developed on each stage of the algorithm to reduce the time-complexity of the system. This algorithm has achieved a average speedup of 12.26 times for lower resolution video frames(320×240, 720×480, 1024×768) and 7.30 times for higher resolution video frames(1360×768, 1920×1080, 2560×1440) on GPU, which is superior to CPU processing. Also, this algorithm was tested by changing the number of threads in a thread block and the minimum execution time has been achieved for 16×16 thread block. And this algorithm was tested on a night sequence where the amount of light in the scene is very less and still the algorithm has given a significant speedup and accuracy in determining the object.

关键词： central processing unit (CPU) graphics processing unit (GPU) morphology connected component labelling (CCL)

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