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Diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A review of the role of diagnostic ureteroscopy and novel developments over last two decades

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 242-252页

作者： Paul Gravestock Daniel Cullum Bhaskar Somani rajan veeratterapillay Urology Department Freeman HospitalNewcastle Upon TyneUK Department of Urology University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Objective: The role of ureteroscopy in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma is yet to be fully determined. We aimed to provide an up to date evaluation of its role and the emerging technologies in the ***: A literature search of the last two decades (from 24th May, 2001 to 24th May, 2021) was carried out identifying 147 papers for potential inclusion within this narrative ***: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is undeniably useful in its ability to visualise and biopsy indeterminate lesions, and to risk stratify malignant lesions that may be suitable for kidney sparing surgery. However, an increased risk of intravesical recurrence following nephroureterectomy when a prior diagnostic ureteroscopy has been performed, inadequate sampling at biopsy, complications from the procedure, and difficult ureteric access are all potential drawbacks. Furthermore, whilst generally an accurate diagnostic procedure, it risks missing carcinoma in-situ lesions. Despite this, evidence shows that routine use of ureteroscopy changes the management of patients in a large proportion of cases, preventing unnecessary surgery or facilitating kidney sparing surgery. The overall rate of complications is low, and improved biopsy techniques and the use of tissue biomarkers for improved staging and grading are encouraging. The risks of delays to definitive management and post-ureteroscopy intravesical recurrence do not seem to affect survival, and trials are in progress to determine whether intravesical therapy can mitigate the latter. Further promising techniques are being investigated to improve shortcomings, particularly in relation to improved diagnosis of carcinoma in situ and preoperative ***: Ureteroscopy has a role in the diagnosis of upper tract malignancy, though whether it should be used routinely is yet to be determined.

关键词： Ureteroscopy Carcinoma Transitional cell Ureteralneoplasms Urinary bladder neoplasms Carcinomainsitu Biopsy

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Consistency features and fuzzy-based segmentation for shadow and reflection detection in digital image forgery

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 83-100页

作者： rajan CRISTIN Velankanni CYRIL RAJ St.Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute University

Advances in photo editing software have made it possible to generate visually convincing photographic forgeries which have been increased tremendously in recent years. In order to alleviate the problem of image forgery, a handful of techniques have been presented in the literature to detect forgery either in shadow or reflection. This paper aims to develop a technique to detect the image forgery either in shadow or reflection using features enabled neural network. The proposed technique of image forgery detection contains three important steps, like segmentation, feature extraction and detection. In segmentation, shadow points and reflection points are identified using map-based segmentation and FCM clustering. Then, feature points from the shadow points and reflective parts are extracted by considering texture consistency and strength consistency using LVP operator. The final step of forgery detection is performed using the feed forward neural network, where a new algorithm called ABCLM is developed for training of neural network weights. The performance is analyzed with four existing algorithms using measures such as accuracy and MSE. From the analysis, we understand that the proposed technique obtained the maximum accuracy of 80.49%.

关键词： image forensics forgery detection shadow reflection texture neural network

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Computer-Assisted Real-Time Rice Variety Learning Using Deep Learning Network

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Rice science 2022年第5期29卷 489-498页

作者： Pandia rajan JEYARAJ Siva Prakash ASOKAN Edward rajan SAMUEL NADAR Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering CollegeSivakasi 626005India

Due to the inconsistency of rice variety,agricultural industry faces an important challenge of rice grading and classification by the traditional grading *** existing grading system is manual,which introduces stress and strain to humans due to visual *** rice grading system development has been proposed as a promising research area in computer *** this study,an accurate deep learning-based non-contact and cost-effective rice grading system was developed by rice appearance and *** proposed system provided real-time processing by using a NI-myRIO with a high-resolution camera and user *** firstly trained the network by a rice public dataset to extract rice discriminative ***,by using transfer learning,the pre-trained network was used to locate the region by extracting a feature *** proposed deep learning model was tested using two public standard datasets and a prototype real-time scanning *** AlexNet architecture,we obtained an average accuracy of 98.2%with 97.6%sensitivity and 96.4%*** validate the real-time performance of proposed rice grading classification system,various performance indices were calculated and compared with the existing *** simulation and real-time experiment evaluations confirmed the robustness and reliability of the proposed rice grading system.

关键词： deep learning algorithm rice defect classification computer vision agriculture automated visual grading system

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Role of Ag microalloying on glass forming ability and crystallization kinetics of ZrCoAgAlNi amorphous alloy

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 471-476页

作者： A Surendar K Geetha C rajan M Alaazim Department of Pharmacology Saveetha Dental College and HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia CSE Excel Engineering CollegePallakapalayamKomarapalayam637303India IT K S Rangasamy College of Technology TiruchengodeNamakkalTamil Nadu 637215India Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta(UMS)Indonesia

Bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) with new chemical compositions(ZrCoAgAlNi) were fabricated and the effects of Ag minor addition on the glass forming ability(GFA) and crystallization kinetics were studied. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) test was applied to identify the amorphousness of BMGs or possible crystalline phases. Using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), the thermal stability and crystallization kinetics under a non-isothermal condition at the different heating rates were studied. Considering the heating rate dependency of glass transition and crystallization kinetics, the activation energy was evaluated and measured for the mentioned processes. It was revealed that the rise in Ag content led to the decrease in activation energy for glass transition, while the activation energy for crystallization increased. The thermal stability and GFA were also studied and it was found that the Ag addition strongly affected the inherent features of BMGs. With the increase in Ag content, the atomic mobility and structural rearrangement changed in the material and consequently, the GFA and thermal stability were significantly improved.

关键词： bulk metallic glass materials design crystallization kinetics glass forming ability

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Optimizing Decision-Making of A Smart Prosumer Microgrid Using Simulation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 151-173页

作者： Oussama Accouche rajan Kumar Gangadhari College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Operations and IT ICFAI Business SchoolHyderabad501203India

Distributed renewable energy sources offer significant alternatives for Qatar and the Arab Gulf region’s future fuel supply and *** are essential for providing dependable power in difficult-to-reach areas while incorporating significant amounts of renewable energy *** energy-efficient data centers,distributed generation can be used to meet the facility’s overall power *** study primarily focuses on the best energy management practices for a smart microgrid in Qatar while taking demandside load management into *** article looked into a university microgrid in Qatar that primarily aimed to get all of its energy from the *** diesel generators are categorized as a dispatchable distributed generation with energy storage added to handle solar radiation from the sun and high grid power operating costs in the suggested scenario,wind turbines and solar Photovoltaic(PV)are classified as non-dispatchable distributed *** resulting linear math issues are assessed and displayed in MATLAB optimization software using a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)*** to the simulation results,the suggested energy management strategy reduced the university microgrid’s grid power costs by 38.8%,making it an affordable solution which is somehow greater than the prior case scenario’s 23%*** installed solar system capacity’s effects on the economy,society,and finances were also assessed,and it became clear that the best option for the smart microgrid was determined that would be 325 kW of solar PV,25 kW of wind turbine,and 600 kW of diesel generators,*** the current situation,university administrators are urged to participate in distributed generators and adopt cutting-edge designs for energy storage technologies due to the significant environmental and financial benefits.

关键词： Energy management smart grid prosumer demand-side load management renewable resources wind turbines

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High-precision shape approximation low-thrust trajectory optimization method satisfying bi-objective index

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第1期35卷 436-457页

作者： Ruiye JIANG Ming YANG Songyan WANG Tao CHAO rajan SHANKARAN Control and Simulation Center Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China Department of Computing Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

The shape approximation method has been proven to be rapid and practicable in resolving low-thrust trajectory;however,it still faces the challenges of large deviation from the optimal solution and inability to satisfy the specific flight time and fuel mass *** this paper,a modified shape approximation low-thrust model is presented,and a novel constrained optimization algorithm is developed to solve this *** proposed method aims at settling the bi-objective optimization orbit involving the twin objectives of minimum flight time and low fuel consumption and enhancing the accuracy of optimized *** particular,a transformed high-order polynomial model based on finite Fourier series is proposed,which can be characterized as a multi-constraint optimization ***,a novel optimization algorithm is specifically developed to optimize the large-scale multi-constraint dynamical equations of shape *** key performance indicators of the index include minimum flight time,low fuel consumption and bi-objective optimization of the *** results prove that this approach possesses both the high precision achievable by numerical methods and low computational complexity offered by shape approximation ***,the Pareto front of the fuel-time bi-objective optimization orbit is firstly introduced to analyze an intact optimal solution ***,we have demonstrated that our proposed approach is appropriate to generate the preliminary orbit for pseudo-spectral method.

关键词： Constrained optimization Intelligent optimization Low-thrust trajectory Multi-objective optimization Shape approximation method

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Immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes:Novel pathway to the future ahead

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2022-2035页

作者： Sayantan Ray rajan Palui Department of Endocrinology All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019India Department of Endocrinology The Mission HospitalDurgapur 713212India

Since the discovery of insulin over 100 years ago,the focus of research in the management of type 1 diabetes(T1D)has centered around glycemic control and management of complications rather than the prevention of autoimmune destruc-tion of pancreaticβ***,in recent years,there has been significant advancement in immune-targeted pharmacotherapy to halt the natural progres-sion of *** immune-targeted intervention aims to alter the underlying pa-thogenesis of T1D by targeting different aspects of the immune *** im-munotherapy can either antagonize the immune mediators like T cells,B cells or cytokines(antibody-based therapy),or reinduce self-tolerance to pancreaticβcells(antigen-based therapy)or stem-cell ***,the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first immunotherapy teplizumab to be used only in stage 2 of ***,the window of opportunity to practically implement this approved molecule in the selected target population is *** this Edito-rial,we briefly discuss the various promising recent developments in the field of immunotherapy research in ***,further studies of these newer thera-peutic agents are needed to explore their true potential for prevention or cure of T1D.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Immunotherapy Teplizumab Antigen based therapy Stem cell immunotherapy

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Developments in Processing of Functionally Gradient Metals and Metal–Ceramic Composites:A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第5期27卷 825-838页

作者： T.P.D.rajan B.C.Pai Materials Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyIndustrial Estate PO

Functionally gradient/graded materials （FGMs）, an emerging new class of materials, are the outcome of the recent innovative concepts in materials technology. FGMs are in their early stages of evolution and expected to have a strong impact on the design and development of new components and structures with better performance. FGMs exhibit gradual transitions in the microstructure and/or the composition in a specific direction, the presence of which leads to variation in the functional performance within a part. The presence of gradual transitions in material composition in FGMs can reduce or eliminate the deleterious stress concentrations and result in a wide gradation of physical and/or chemical properties within the material. Functionally graded metal-ceramic composites are also getting the attention of the researchers. Among the fabrication routes for FGMs such as chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, the sol-gel technique, plasma spraying, molten metal infiltration, self propagating high temperature synthesis, spray forming, centrifugal casting, etc., the ones based on solidification route are preferred for FGMs because of their economics and capability to make large size products. The present paper discusses and compares various solidification processing tech- niques available for the fabrication of functionally gradient metals and metal-ceramic composites and lists their properties and possible applications. The other processing methods are briefly described.

关键词： Functionally gradient materials Solidification Aluminium Centrifugal casting Infiltration

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Anti-enteric bacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica Linnaeus against Shigella dysenteriae(Shiga,corrig.) Castellani and Chalmers

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 294-300页

作者： rajan S Thirunalasundari T Jeeva S Department of Microbiology Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College Department of Biotechnology Bharathidasan University Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology Department of BotanyN.M.Christian College

Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial efficacy of the seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica(***) against the enteropathogen,Shigella dysenteriae(***), isolated from the diarrhoeal stool ***:The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by the standard methods as described by *** extraction method was employed to extract the bioactive compounds from mango seed *** diffusion method was adopted to screen antibacterial *** inhibitory concentration(MIC) was evaluated by agar dilution *** crude extracts were partially purified by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and the fractions were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography(HFTLC) to identify the bioactive ***:Phytochemical scrutiny of *** indicated the presence of phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids,gums, flavanoids,phenols,saponins,steroids,tannins and *** activity was observed in two crude extracts and various fractions ***,benzene,chlor of orm,methanol and *** of methanol fraction was found to be(95±11.8)μg/*** of other fractions ranged from 130-380μg/mL Conclusions:The present study confirmed that each crude extracts and fractions of *** have significant antimicrobial activity against the isolated pathogen 5. *** antibacterial activity may be due to the phytochemical constituents of the mango seed *** phytochemical tannin could be the reason for its antibacterial activity.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Mangifera indica(seed kernel) Minimum inhibitory concentration Phytochemistry Shigella dysenteriae

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Promising Antiviral Molecules from Ayurvedic Herbs and Spices against COVID-19

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期27卷 243-244页

作者： Mariappan rajan Prashant Gupta Awanish Kumar University Madurai-625021(TN)India Department of Balroga Shri NPA Govt.Ayurveda CollegeRaipur-492010(CG)India Department of Biotechnology National Institute of TechnologyRaipur-492010(CG)India

COVID-19 is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)and smashed our society *** efforts/measures have been taken worldwide to control coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)but it is spreading ceaselessly across the ***,Chinese medicine was used to treat COVID-19 and they found better recovery *** has also drawn the attention of the scientific community to Ayurveda where traditional knowledge of this domain can be explored for finding COVID-19 a cure or prevention.

关键词： acute respiratory COV

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