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A solar reactor for bio-diesel production from Pongamia oil: Studies on transesterfication process parameters and energy efficiency

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第12期34卷 218-224页

作者： Subbaiyan Naveen Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath rajagopal malolan Ramesh Sai Jayaraman Krishnan Aakriti Jayaseelan Arun Department of Chemical Engineering SSN College of EngineeringKalavakkam 603110India Centre for Waste Management International Research CentreSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyJeppiaar Nagar(OMR)Chennai 600119India

Over exploitation of non-renewable energy reserves will lead to increase in price of petroleum *** there is a need for suitable and sustainable substitutes(renewable resource) for conventional *** this study,an efficient and environmental friendly method for production of bio-diesel from Pongamia(Karanja) oil has been developed using a solar *** the experimental study,the maximum temperature attained by the pongamia oil during the transesterification process was 64.1℃.The transesterification reaction was studied by varying different parameters such as reactant flow rate(5-20 L·h^(-1)),stirring speed(150-450 r·min^(-1)),catalyst mass loading(0.5%-2%) and methanol to oil ratio(3:1 to15:1).The maximum biodiesel yield was 83.11% at a flow rate of 5 L·h^(-1),stirring speed of 350 r·min^(-1),a methanol to oil ratio of 15:1,catalyst mass loading of 1% and reaction time of 270 *** physical and chemical properties of biodiesel was analyzed as per American Society for Testing Materials(ASTM) standards and it had density of 938 kg·m^(-3),viscosity(28.7×10^(-6) m~2·s^(-1)),acid value(9.45 mg KOH·(g oil)^(-1))and flash point(215℃).The energy efficiency of solar heating process was determined by comparing the net energy ratio of direct heating process and solar heating *** solar heating the net energy ratio(NER) was found to be 31.85 against 5.73 for direct ***,net energy efficiency index was calculated for 10 kg production scale and was found to be increasing when scaled up which means that the solar heating process is more effective even in scaled up production.

关键词： Biodiesel Biofuel Solar energy Optimization Pongamia oil Solar reactor

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Controlling chaos and supressing chimeras in a fractional-order discrete phase-locked loop using impulse control

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第12期30卷 63-73页

作者： Karthikeyan rajagopal Anitha Karthikeyan Balamurali Ramakrishnan Centre for Nonlinear Systems Chennai Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Prathyusha Engineering CollegeChennaiIndia

A fractional-order difference equation model of a third-order discrete phase-locked loop(FODPLL) is discussed and the dynamical behavior of the model is demonstrated using bifurcation plots and a basin of attraction. We show a narrow region of loop gain where the FODPLL exhibits quasi-periodic oscillations, which were not identified in the integer-order model. We propose a simple impulse control algorithm to suppress chaos and discuss the effect of the control step. A network of FODPLL oscillators is constructed and investigated for synchronization behavior. We show the existence of chimera states while transiting from an asynchronous to a synchronous state. The same impulse control method is applied to a lattice array of FODPLL, and the chimera states are then synchronized using the impulse control algorithm. We show that the lower control steps can achieve better control over the higher control steps.

关键词： discrete Josephson junction fractional order chaos impulse control chimera

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Molecular characterization and diversity analysis of bacterial communities associated with Dialeurolonga malleswaramensis （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） adults using 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing and FISH

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 704-711页

作者： Neeti Pandey Raman rajagopal Gut Biology Lab Room No 117 Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India

Dialeurolonga malleswaramensis Sundararaj （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） is a phytophagous sap sucking insect. It infests Polyalthia longifolia, an important avenue tree of India, effective in alleviating noise pollution and having immense medicinal importance. Samples of this insect were collected from Polyalthia longifolia. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene （mtCOl） helped in the molecular characterization of the insect. This study reports the bacterial diversity in D. malleswararnensis adults by high throughput 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing. The major genera identified were Portiera and Arsenophonus. Other bacterial genera detected were uncultured alpha proteobacterium, Sphingopyxis and Methylobacterium. We also employed fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） in whole mount samples to confirm the presence of dominant endosymbionts Portiera and Arsenophonus to the bacteriocyte of D. malleswaramensis. This study concludes that combining techniques like 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing and FISH reveal both dominant and rare bacteria. The data also predict the evolutionary position of this pest with respect to other whitefly species using a mitochondrial marker.

关键词： 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing bacterial diversity Dialeurolongamalleswaramensis FISH mtC01

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Role of innate immunity in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第43期19卷 7500-7514页

作者： rajagopal N Aravalli Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common form of liver cancer *** is caused by a variety of risk factors,most common ones being infection with hepatitis viruses,alcohol,and *** often develops in the background of underlying cirrhosis,and even though a number of interventional treatment methods are currently in use,recurrence is fairly common among patients who have had a ***,whole liver transplantation remains the most practical treatment option for *** to the growing incidence of HCC,intense research efforts are being made to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of the disease so that novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to combat liver *** recent years,it has become clear that innate immunity plays a critical role in the development of a number of liver diseases,including *** particular,the activation of Toll-like receptor signaling results in the generation of immune responses that often results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines,and could cause acute inflammation in the *** this review,the current knowledge on the role of innate immune responses in the development and progression of HCC is examined,and emerging therapeutic strategies based on molecular mechanisms of HCC are discussed.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Innate immunity Toll-like receptor Liver cancer Inflammation

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Synthesis and electrochemical performance of (100-x)Li7P3S11-xLi2OHBr composite solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 307-316,I0011页

作者： Su-Yeon Jung Rajesh rajagopal Kwang-Sun Ryu Department of Chemistry University of UlsanDoowang-dongNam-gu 44776UlsanSouth Korea

Li7P3S11solid electrolytes with high lithium-ion conductivity are promising candidates for use in all-solidstate lithium ***,this electrolyte’s poor interfacial compatibility with lithium electrodes causes unstable *** this study,in order to address this problem,(100-x)Li7P3S11-xLi2OHBr(x=0,2,5,10,20,30,40,and 50)electrolytes are prepared by a high energy ball-milling technique and heat-treatment *** resulting(100-x)Li7P3S11-xLi2OHBr(x=2,5,10,20,30,40,and 50)electrolytes provide improved electrochemical performance with good cycling stability and a wide electrochemical window of up to 10 V(***/Li+).Moreover,these electrolytes have high ionic conductivity of 10-4–10-5S/cm at room ***,the 90Li7P3S11-10Li2OHBr electrolyte displays the highest conductivity of 4.4×10-4S/cm at room temperature as well as improved ***,90Li7P3S11-10Li2OHBr shows decreased interfacial resistance between the solid electrolyte and cathode electrode,which was revealed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS)*** initial discharge capacity of 90Li7P3S11-10Li2OHBr was found to be 135 m Ah/g when used in a In|solid electrolyte|Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 all-solid-state lithium battery(ASSLB).Thus,we can conclude the addition of Li2OHBr into the Li7P3S11results in enhanced electrochemical properties.

关键词： All-solid-state lithium battery Solid electrolyte Solid sulfide electrolyte Li2OHBr Antiperovskite

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WAVE PROPAGATION IN A TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC THERMOELASTIC SOLID CYLINDER OF ARBITRARY CROSS-SECTION

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2011年第6期24卷 527-538页

作者： P. Ponnusamy M. rajagopal Department of Mathematics Govt. Arts College (Autonomous) Coimbatore-641 018 Tamil Nadu India

The wave propagation in an infinite, homogeneous, transversely isotropic solid cylin- der of arbitrary cross-section is studied using Fourier expansion collocation method, within the frame work of linearized, three-dimensional theory of thermoelasticity. Three displacement po- tential functions are introduced, to uncouple the equations of motion and the heat conduction. The frequency equations are obtained for longitudinal and flexural （symmetric and antisymmet- ric） modes of vibration and are studied numerically for elliptic and parabolic cross-sectional zinc cylinders. The computed non-dimensional wave numbers are presented in the form of dispersion curves.

关键词： vibration of thermal cylinder thermoelastic stress three-dimensional stress anal-ysis wave propagation in an arbitrary cross-section

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Quick Line Outage Identification in Urban Distribution Grids via Smart Meters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第4期8卷 1074-1086页

作者： Yizheng Liao Yang Weng Cin-Woo Tan Ram rajagopal Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA School of Electrical Computingand Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

The growing integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)in distribution grids raises various reliability issues due to DER's uncertain and complex *** large-scale DER penetration in distribution grids,traditional outage detection methods,which rely on customers report and smart meters'“last gasp”signals,will have poor performance,because renewable generators and storage and the mesh structure in urban distribution grids can continue supplying power after line *** address these challenges,we propose a datadriven outage monitoring approach based on the stochastic time series analysis with a theoretical ***,we prove via power flow analysis that dependency of time-series voltage measurements exhibits significant statistical changes after line *** makes the theory on optimal change-point detection suitable to identify line ***,existing change point detection methods require post-outage voltage distribution,which are unknown in distribution ***,we design a maximum likelihood estimator to directly learn distribution parameters from voltage *** prove the estimated parameters-based detection also achieves optimal performance,making it extremely useful for fast distribution grid outage ***,since smart meters have been widely installed in distribution grids and advanced infrastructure(e.g,PMU)has not widely been available,our approach only requires voltage magnitude for quick outage *** results show highly accurate outage identification in eight distribution grids with 17 configurations with and without DERs using smart meter data.

关键词： Power distribution network outage detection outage identification voltage measurement change point detection graphical model

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Transmission congestion management considering multiple and optimal capacity DGs

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017年第5期5卷 713-724页

作者： rajagopal PEESAPATI Vinod Kumar YADAV Niranjan KUMAR Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology JamshedpurJamshedpurJharkhand 831014India Department of Electrical Engineering Gautam Buddha UniversityNoida 201334India

Transmission congestion management became a grievous issue with the increase of competitiveness in the power systems. Competitiveness arises due to restructuring of the utilities along with the penetration of auxiliary services. The present study depicts a multi objective technique for achieving the optimal capacities of distributed generators(DG) such as solar, wind and biomass in order to relieve congestion in the transmission lines. Objectives like transmission congestion, real power loss, voltages and investment costs are considered to improve the technical and economical performances of the network. Multi objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to achieve the optimal sizes of unity power factor DG *** insisted methodology is practiced on IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 bus systems to check the practical *** results of the proposed approach are compared with the genetic algorithm for both single and multi-objective cases. Results revealed that the intimated method can aid independent system operator to remove the burden from lines in the contingency conditions in an optimal manner along with the improvement in voltages and a reduction in real power losses of the network.

关键词： Transmission congestion Optimal power flow Distributed generation Particle swarm optimization

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Abundance of Carbonic Fluid Inclusions in Hira-Buddini Gold Deposit, Hutti-Maski Greenstone Belt, India: Inferences from Petrography and Volume Ratio Estimation of Fluid Components

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第3期31卷 492-499页

作者： rajagopal Krishnamurthi Ajit Kumar Sahoo Rajesh Sharma Prabhakar Sangurmath Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeRoorkee-241661India Department of Geology Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun-24S001India Hutti Gold Mines Company Limited Hutti-584115India

Low saline aqueous carbonic fluids are considered to be the ore forming solutions for orogenic lode gold *** separation/fluid immiscibility of the ore fluid is quite common and is one of the major reasons for deposition of gold in these *** carbonic fluid inclusions have been observed in quartz grains of Hira-Buddnini Gold *** estimation indicates that more volume of H2O compared to CO2 is likely to be trapped in inclusions at different P-T *** loss of H2O from fluid inclusions during ductile deformation of quartz grains have been attributed as the suitable reason for abundance of carbonic fluid inclusions.

关键词： orogenic lode gold deposit carbonic fluid inclusions Redlich-Kwong Equation fluid immiscibility Hira-Buddini Gold Deposit

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Collective behavior of cortico-thalamic circuits:Logic gates as the thalamus and a dynamical neuronal network as the cortex

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第2期31卷 687-695页

作者： Alireza Bahramian Sajjad Shaukat Jamal Fatemeh Parastesh Kartikeyan rajagopal Sajad Jafari Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran polytechnic)Iran Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Centre for Nonlinear Systems Chennai Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia Health Technology Research Institute Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran polytechnic)Iran

This paper introduces a two-layer network to investigate the effects of cortico-thalamic circuits on the cortex’s collective *** the brain,different parts of the cortex collaborate to process *** of the main parts,which is the path of different cortex contacts,is the thalamus whose circuit is referred to as the"vertical"cortico-thalamic *** subnuclei can participate in the processing of the information that passes through *** has been shown that they play the functional role of logic gates(AND,OR and XOR).To study how these thalamus circuits affect the cortical neuron behavior,a two-layer network is proposed wherein the cortex layer is composed of Hindmarsh–Rose models and the thalamus layer is constructed with logic *** show that considering these logic gates can lead the network towards different synchronization,asynchronization,chimera and solitary *** is revealed that for AND-gate and OR-gate,increasing the number of gates or their outputs can increase and decrease the network’s coherency in excitatory and inhibitory cases,***,considering XOR-gates always results in the chimera state.

关键词： two-layer network synchronization chimera state thalamus and cortex

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