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Effects of particle size on the triboelectrification phenomenon in pharmaceutical excipients:Experiments and multi-scale modeling

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第5期11卷 603-617页

作者： Raj Mukherjee Vipul Gupta Shivangi Naik Saurabh Sarkar Vinit Sharma Prasad Peri Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Institute of Material Sciences University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Merck Sharp and Dohme West PointPA 19486USA

Particle sizes play a major role to mediate charge transfer, both between identical and different material surfaces. The study probes into the probable mechanism that actuates opposite polarities between two different size fractions of the same material by analyzing the charge transfer patterns of two different sizes of microcrystalline cellulose(MCC). Quantum scale calculations confirmed alteration of charge transfer capacities due to variation of moisture content predicted by multiple surface and bulk analytical techniques. Discrete Element Method(DEM) based multi-scale computational models pertinent to predict charge transfer capacities were further implemented, and the results were in accordance to the experimental charge profiles.

关键词： Tribocharging Work function Excipient Discrete Element Modeling

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Natural contamination of human hands with enteric parasites in Indian Subcontinent

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World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 13-19页

作者： M Khalid Ijaz Kaisar A Talukder Mohammad Aslam Rashidul Haque Sandipan Ganguly Ishrat J Azmi Md Shawkat Hossain Avik Kumar mukherjee Dibyendu raj Ijaz Ahmed Jabeen Kamal Joseph R Rubino Alam Nur-E-Kamal Reckitt Benckiser LLC One Philips ParkwayMontvaleNJ 07645United States International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research BangladeshDhaka-1000Bangla-desh Division of Parasitology National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkata-700010India Department of Biology Medgar Evers College of the City University of New YorkBrooklynNew YorkNY 11225United States

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of enteric parasite contamination on hands and the potential role naturally contaminated hands may have in their transmission. METHODS: Prior to initiating the survey, the protocol was reviewed and approved by respective Institutional Review Boards of each survey site(Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kolkata, India). Both stool and corresponding hand wash samples collected, were analyzed for the presence of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts employing conventional microscopy coupled with permanent staining techniques. Additionally molecular approachessuch as polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of enteric parasites recovered from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples, were also used to further confirm their identity. RESULTS: A total of 972 stool samples were collected from both sites surveyed(300 volunteers from Kolkata, India and 672 from Dhaka, Bangladesh). Parasitic analysis revealed, 113(38%) from Kolkata, India and 267(40%) of stool samples from Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. When the corresponding hand wash samples were analyzed, 43(14%) stool-positive volunteers in Kolkata, India and 47(7%) in Dhaka, Bangladesh were positive for enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts. Ascaris lumbricoides(A. lumbricoides) ova and Giardia lamblia(G. lamblia) cysts predominated in hands wash samples from both sites surveyed(from India, A. lumbricoides ova, 53%; G. lamblia cysts 31% and from Bangladesh, A. lumbricoides ova, 47%; G. lamblia cysts 19%). Genotypic analysis of enteric parasitic ova/(oo)cysts obtained from both stool and corresponding hand wash samples taken from the same person were found to be identical. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a possible role of hands contaminated with enteric parasites' ova/(oo)cysts in the transmission of these parasites highlighting another role of hand hygiene/proper hand washing in reducing the disease burden in low socioeconomic communities.

关键词： Enteric parasites Ascaris lumbricoides Giardia lamblia Natural contamination of hands

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