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Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature

Carbon Resources Conversion 2021年第1期4卷 36-46页

作者： rainer Janu Verena Mrlik Doris Ribitsch Jakub Hofman Petr Sedlácek lucie Bielsk Gerhard Soja AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Konrad Lorenz-Str.243430 TullnAustria University of Natural Resources and life Sciences Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz-Str.203430 TullnAustria Masaryk University Faculty of ScienceRECETOXKamenice 753/562500 BrnoCzech Republic Brno University of Technology Materials Research CentrePurkyňova 464/11861200 BrnoCzech Republic University of Natural Resources and life Sciences Institute for Chemical and Energy EngineeringMuthgasse 1071190 WienAustria

By testing 92 different biochars,this study had the objective to determine the relations between simple physico-chemical characteristics of biochar(elemental composition,ash fraction,specific surface area,process parameters)and infrared sorption characteristics revealing the presence of specific functional *** results of Diffusive Reflection Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy were statistically analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with the biochar characterization parameters as model *** dominant parameters affecting the functional group signals were the pyrolysis temperature,the H/C-ratio and specific surface area of the biochar and the ash *** models were able to explain 60-90%of data variance for specific peaks in the *** application of PCA could further reduce the input parameters to three main factors explaining 70.8%of total data *** of the first two main factors showed the similarity of infrared spectra of biochars produced at 300 and 450℃,whereas a pyrolysis temperature of 600℃ lead to a partial and a 750℃ to a nearly complete loss of biochar surface functional groups.

关键词： FTIR DRIFTS Spectroscopy Characterization Carbonization

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EFFECT OF NIMODIPINE ON OCUlAR BlOOD FlOW AND COlOR CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH NOR-MAl TENSION GlAUCOMA

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国际眼科杂志 2003年第1期3卷 82-83页

作者： A.luksch G.rainer C.Vass l.Schmetterer Department of Clinical Pharmacology Department of OphthalmologyDepartment of OphthalmologyDepartment of OphthalmologyDepartment of Clinical PharmacologyInstitute of Medical Physics University of Vienna Austria

Background: To investigate the effects of oral nimodipine on ocular hemodynamic parameters and color contrast sensitivity in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods: The study was performed in 14 consecutive NTG patients in a randomized placebo controlled double-masked cross-over design. The effects or oral nimodipine (60 mg) or placebo on ocular and systemic hemodynamic parameters and color contrast

关键词：正常眼压青光眼患者尼莫地平眼内血流色对比敏感性

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Role of HSP-90 for increased nNOS-mediated vasodilation in mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第15期16卷 1837-1844页

作者： lukas Moleda lars Jurzik Matthias Froh Erwin Gbele Claus Hellerbrand rainer H Straub Jürgen Schlmerich Reiner Wiest Department of Internal Medicine I University Medical Center

AIM:To explore the role of heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90) for nitrergic vasorelaxation in the splanchnic circulation in rats with and without portal hypertension. METHODS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and HSP-90 were analyzed by immunofluorescence, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation in the mesenteric vasculature and isolated nerves of portal-vein-ligated (PVl) rats and sham operated rats. In vitro perfused de-endothelialized mesenteric arterial vasculature was preconstricted with norepinephrine (EC80) and tested for nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation by periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS, 2-12 Hz, 45V) before and after incubation with geldanamycin (specific inhibitor of HSP-90 signalling, 3 μg/ml) or l-NAME (non-specific NOSblocker, 10-4 mol/l). RESUlTS: nNOS and HSP-90 expression was significantly increased in mesenteric nerves from PVl as compared to sham rats. Moreover, nNOS and HSP-90 were visualized in mesenteric nerves by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation of nNOS co-immunoprecitated HSP-90 in sham and PVl rats. PNS induced a frequencydependent vasorelaxation which was more pronounced in PVl as compared to sham rats. l-NAME and geldanamycin markedly reduced nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation abrogating differences between the study groups. The effect of l-NAME and geldanamycin on nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly greater in PVl than in sham animals. However, no difference in magnitude of effect between l-NAME and geldanamycin was noted. CONClUSION: HSP-90 acts as a signalling mediator of nNOS-dependent nerve mediated vascular responses in mesenteric arteries, and the increased nitrergic vasorelaxation observed in portal hypertension is mediated largely by HSP-90.

关键词： Heat shock protein-90 Nitric oxide Vasodilation Portal hypertension Mesenteric circulation

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Underutilized Plant Species in Far West Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 589-600页

作者： Ripu M.KUNWAR laxmi MAHAT lila N.SHARMA Keshab P.SHRESTHA Hiroo KOMINEE rainer W.BUSSMANN Centre for Biological Conservation Kirtipur-3NayabazarKathmanduNepal GPO Box 19925 Kalanki-1444600KathmanduNepal Natural History Museum SwayambhuTribhuvan University Hatai Clinic KYG Iryoukai Medical Association2-47-22 Togo Iryou Building 1F NakachoTokyoJapan William l.Brown Center Missouri Botanical GardenSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.

关键词：植物物种尼泊尔西部卫生保健食物供应谷类作物安全政策主食

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Chronic hepatitis C:Treat or wait? Medical decision making in clinical practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第12期18卷 1339-1347页

作者： Claus Niederau Dietrich Hüppe Elmar Zehnter Bernd Mller Renate Heyne Stefan Christensen rainer Pfaff Arno Theilmeier Ulrich Alshuth Stefan Mauss Katholische Kliniken Oberhausen St.Josef HospitalKlinik für Innere MedizinOberhausen 46045Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Herne 44623Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dortmund 44263Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Berlin 10969Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Medicine Münster 48143Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gie en 35392Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mnchengladbach 41239Germany Pharma AG Medical Management Virology Grenzach-Wyhlen 79639Germany Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology Düsseldorf 40237Germany

AIM:To analyzes the decision whether patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are treated or ***:This prospective cohort study included 7658 untreated patients and 6341 patients receiving pegylated interferon α2 a/ribavirin,involving 434 physicians/institutions throughout Germany (377 in private practice and 57 in hospital settings).A structured questionnaire had to be answered prior to the treatment decision,which included demographic data,information about the personal life situation of the patients,anamnesis and symptomatology of hepatitis C,virological data,laboratory data and data on concomitant diseases.A second part of the study analyzes patients treated with pegylated interferon α*** questionnaires included reasons against treatment mentioned by the ***:Overall treatment uptake was 45%.By multivariate analysis,genotype 1/4/5/6,HCV-RNA ≤ 520 000 IU/ml,normal alanine aminotransferase (AlT),platelets ≤ 142 500/μl,age > 56 years,female gender,infection length > 12.5 years,concomitant diseases,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,liver biopsy not performed,care in private practice,asymptomatic disease,and unemployment were factors associated with reduced treatment *** and sustained viral response rates in migrants (1/3 of cohort) were higher than in German natives although 1/3 of migrants had language *** rate and liver biopsy were higher in clinical settings when compared to private practice and were low when AlT and HCV-RNA were ***:Some reasons against treatment were medically based whereas others were related to fears,socio-economical problems,and information deficits both on the side of physicians and patients.

关键词：丙型肝炎病毒临床实践治疗慢性决策医疗 HCV

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健康教育对心力衰竭患者疾病知识和自我保健行为的持续影响

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2021年第2期8卷 161-167,I0002页

作者： Astrid Huesken rainer Hoffmann Sofien Ayed Department of Cardiology Angiology and Sleep MedicineBonifatius Hospital LingenLingenGermany

目的有关心力衰竭患者管理的指南支持对患者进行自我保健的强化教育。本研究旨在评估由认证的心力衰竭护士提供的结构化教育对患者疾病知识和自我护理行为的长期影响。方法150例因心力衰竭住院的患者参加T由心力衰竭护士进行的1h结构化... 详细信息

目的有关心力衰竭患者管理的指南支持对患者进行自我保健的强化教育。本研究旨在评估由认证的心力衰竭护士提供的结构化教育对患者疾病知识和自我护理行为的长期影响。方法150例因心力衰竭住院的患者参加T由心力衰竭护士进行的1h结构化教育课程,患者年龄(66±12)岁。患者在课程教育前1天、1天后和6个月后完成包含15个问题的问卷。问卷中包括欧洲心力衰竭自我护理行为量表(the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale,EHFScB)中的9个问题(EHFScB-9)及关于疾病知识的6个问题。每个问题计分范围从1(完全同意)至5(完全不同意),得分越高表示知识或行为越差。结果完成教育活动1天后,患者的疾病知识评分从(18.03±5.44)分降低至(10.74±4.30)分,EHFScB-9总评分从(24.31±6.98)分降低至(14.94±6.22)分(均Pl7.3±7.2)分,仍低于基线水平(P<0.001)。未发现任何影响教育效果的患者因素。结论由认证的心力衰竭护士进行的健康教育项目可改善患者的疾病知识和自我保健行为,并在6个月的随访中持续有效。患者个人特征不影响健康教育的效果。

关键词：心力衰竭知识病人教育自我护理

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重组色氨酸脱羧酶在烟草不同亚细胞区室的表达(英文)

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2002年第3期44卷 314-317页

作者：王淼李秋荣 Stefano Di FIORE rainer FISCHER 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016 沈阳军区总医院沈阳110016 Botanical Institute of Rheinisch-Westflisch Technische Hochschule Aachen

将萜烯类吲哚生物碱代谢关键酶———色氨酸脱羧酶 (TDC)的编码基因转到烟草 (Nicotianatabacuml .)植物体内 ,标定在不同的亚细胞区室表达。通过蛋白免疫印迹法和色胺在植物体内的累积量测定分析 ,对转基因植物进行筛选。结果表明 ,TD... 详细信息

将萜烯类吲哚生物碱代谢关键酶———色氨酸脱羧酶 (TDC)的编码基因转到烟草 (Nicotianatabacuml .)植物体内 ,标定在不同的亚细胞区室表达。通过蛋白免疫印迹法和色胺在植物体内的累积量测定分析 ,对转基因植物进行筛选。结果表明 ,TDC在叶绿体和胞液中高效表达 ,TDC在叶绿体中的表达水平最高 ,高于在胞液中的表达 ,在内质网和液泡中表达水平很低 ,用蛋白免疫印迹法未检出。

关键词：重组色氨酸脱羧酶生物碱代谢途径烟草亚细胞区室表达

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氮肥对盆栽欧洲水青冈生物量和营养分配的影响(英文)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2008年第4期19卷 263-270页

作者： Ali Bagherzadeh rainer Brumme Friedrich Beese Institute of Agriculture Azad University of Mashhad Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition Georg-August-University of Goettingen

调查了施加氮肥(15NH4和15NO3)处理后在两个连续生长季内欧洲水青冈(Fagus sylvatica l.)幼苗地上部分和地下部分的生物量和营养元素分配。盆栽欧洲水青冈幼苗培养于温室大棚内,培养土样取自相邻的三种林分:欧洲水青冈,挪威赤松,欧洲水... 详细信息

调查了施加氮肥(15NH4和15NO3)处理后在两个连续生长季内欧洲水青冈(Fagus sylvatica l.)幼苗地上部分和地下部分的生物量和营养元素分配。盆栽欧洲水青冈幼苗培养于温室大棚内,培养土样取自相邻的三种林分:欧洲水青冈,挪威赤松,欧洲水青冈-赤松混交林。结果表明,氮肥(15N)处理对欧洲水青冈营养元素分配没有显著影响,施加氮素形式决定自身流入植物库的情况。欧洲水青獭收氮素主要以硝态氮的形式,因此,尽管植物体内保存的硝态氮和氨态氮并没有统计差异,但是叶片中硝态氮明显减少。施加硝态氮对欧洲水青冈氮素恢复的影响要大于施加氨态氮。与欧洲水青冈茎、粗根相比,优质根系对氮素(15N)固定是一个缓慢过程。表8图1参40。

关键词：山毛榉树苗氮肥生物量氮固定营养

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KuaFu Mission

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空间科学学报 2006年第Z1期26卷 25-29页

作者： XIA lidong TU Chuanyi Schwenn rainer Donovan Eric Marsch Eckart WANG Jingsong ZHANG Yongwei XIAO Zuo 无 School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Geophysics Peking University Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung Katlenburg-LindauGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada National Center for Space Weather Monitoring and Warning China Meteorological Administration Dong Fang Hong Satelite Co.ltd China Academny of Space Technology Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academry of Sciences

The KuaFu mission-Space Storms,Aurora and Space Weather Explorer-is an"l1+Polar"triple satellite project composed of three spacecraft:KuaFu-A will be located at l1 and have instruments to observe solar EUV and FUV emissions,and white-light Coronal Mass Ejections(CMEs),and to measure radio waves,the local plasma and magnetic field,and high-energy ***1 and KuaFu-B2 will bein polar orbits chosen to facilitate continuous 24 hours a day observation of the north polar Aurora *** KuaFu mission is designed to observe the complete chain of disturbances from the solar atmosphere to geospace,including solar flares,CMEs,interplanetary clouds,shock waves,and their geo-effects,such as magnetospheric sub-storms and magnetic storms,and auroral *** mission may start at the next solar maximum(launch in about 2012),and with an initial mission lifetime of two to three *** data will be used for the scientific study of space weather phenomena,and will be used for space weather monitoring and forecast *** overall mission design,instrument complement,and incorporation of recent technologies will target new fundamental science,advance our understanding of the physical processes underlying space weather,and raise the standard of end-to-end monitoring of the Sun-Earth system.

关键词： KuaFu Mission Space weather Solar-terrestrial relations

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干旱胁迫下5种三叶草的生理反应(英文)

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应用与环境生物学报 2011年第4期17卷 580-584页

作者：蔺万煌 HOFMANN rainer W STIlWEll Stephen A 湖南农业大学植物激素与生长发育湖南省重点实验室长沙410128 林肯大学农业与生命科学部

为了解三叶草属抗旱的生理机理，寻找适宜干旱地区种植的三叶草品种，比较了地三叶草（Trifoliumsubterraneum l．）、大花三叶草（rmichelianum Savi）、自：二三叶草（rrepens l．）、高加索三叶草（*** ***．）和草莓三叶草（zfragif... 详细信息

为了解三叶草属抗旱的生理机理，寻找适宜干旱地区种植的三叶草品种，比较了地三叶草（Trifoliumsubterraneum l．）、大花三叶草（rmichelianum Savi）、自：二三叶草（rrepens l．）、高加索三叶草（*** ***．）和草莓三叶草（zfragiferum l．）在人工干旱条件下4wk的生长和生理反应．结果表明，干旱处理下大仡乏叶草、草莓三叶草和白三叶草地上部分干重严重减少，分别降低了70％、66％和64％，而高加索三叶草和地三叶草减少不到50％；高加索三叶草叶片水势降低到-2．0MPa以下，而其他4种三叶草只降低到-1．5MPa左右；高加索三叶草和争莓三叶草叶片光合速率降低25％，而地三叶草、白三叶草和大花三叶草下降35％～63％．此外，干旱条件下，5种供试三叶草叶片中游离脯氨酸含量普遍增加，其中高加索三叶草和白三叶草分别增加到2．5倍和3．1倍．研究显示高加索三叶草在多项重要生长和生理指标中表现出很强的抗旱性，因此认为其可作为干旱地区栽培自叶草的补充或替代种．

关键词：三叶草干旱胁迫游离脯氨酸光合作用水势

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