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Potential medicinal plants involved in inhibiting 3CL^(pro) activity:A practical alternate approach to combating COVID-19

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第6期20卷 488-496页

作者： Fan Yang Xiao-lan Jiang Akash Tariq Sehrish Sadia Zeeshan Ahmed Jordi Sardans Muhammad Aleem Riaz Ullah rainer w.bussmann The Medical Center of General Practice Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830041Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Department of Biological Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesRavi CampusPattoki 55300Pakistan Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Global Ecology UnitCentre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193CataloniaSpain Department of Pharmacognosy College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Ethnobotany Institute of Botanyllia State UniversityTbilisi 0105Georgia

At present,a variety of vaccines have been approved,and existing antiviral drugs are being tested to find an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,no standardized treatment has yet been approved by the world Health *** virally encoded chymotrypsin-like protease(3CL^(pro))from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which facilitates the replication of SARS-CoV in the host cells,is one potential pharmacological target for the development of antiSARS *** search engines,such as web of Science,Google Scholar,Scopus and PubMed,were used to retrieve data on the traditional uses of medicinal plants and their inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV 3CL^(pro).Various pure compounds,including polyphenols,terpenoids,chalcones,alkaloids,biflavonoids,flavanones,anthraquinones and glycosides,have shown potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL^(pro) activity with 50% inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values ranging from 2-44μg/***,most of these active compounds,including xanthoangelol E(isolated from Angelica keiskei),dieckol 1(isolated from Ecklonia cava),amentoflavone(isolated from Torreya nucifera),celastrol,pristimerin,tingenone and iguesterin(isolated from Tripterygium regelii),tannic acid(isolated from Camellia sinensis),and theaflavin-3,3’-digallate,3-isotheaflav1in-3 gallate and dihydrotanshinone I(isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza),had IC_(50)values of less than 15μg/*** mechanistic studies of several active compounds revealed that their mode of inhibition was dose-dependent and competitive,with K_(i)values ranging from 2.4-43.8μmol/*** the significance of plant-based compounds and the many promising results obtained,there is still need to explore the phytochemical and mechanistic potentials of plants and their *** medicinal plants could serve as an effective inexpensive nutraceutical for the general public to help manage COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus 3C proteases Medicinal plants Plant-derived compounds Drug development

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Underutilized Plant Species in Far west Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 589-600页

作者： Ripu M.KUNwAR Laxmi MAHAT Lila N.SHARMA Keshab P.SHRESTHA Hiroo KOMINEE rainer w.bussmann Centre for Biological Conservation Kirtipur-3NayabazarKathmanduNepal GPO Box 19925 Kalanki-1444600KathmanduNepal Natural History Museum SwayambhuTribhuvan University Hatai Clinic KYG Iryoukai Medical Association2-47-22 Togo Iryou Building 1F NakachoTokyoJapan william L.Brown Center Missouri Botanical GardenSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far west Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.

关键词： Underutilized plants Relativeimportance (R/) Ethnoveterinary use Conservation Nepal

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Distribution and conservation of near threatened plants in China

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 272-283页

作者： Qin Liu Tian-Tian Xue Xiao-Xia Zhang Xu-Dong Yang Fei Qin wen-Di Zhang Lei wu rainer w.bussmann Sheng-Xiang Yu State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden Ilia State UniversityBotanical Str.1Tbilisi 0105Georgia Department of Botany State Museum for Natural History KarlsruheErbprinzenstraße 13Karlsruhe 76133Germany

Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate *** in conservation efforts,such species have however long been ***,we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China,and used species richness,species complementarity,and weighted endemism that consider all,endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT *** we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for *** results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China,and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature *** hotspots in southwestern China(e.g.,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,and Hainan) were identified as conservation *** that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species,they represent an important value in conservation ***,more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT ***,when comparing with the recently updated NT list,there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories,while 328 species were lowered to least concern,56 species were now categorized as data deficient,and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific *** is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species’ threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.

关键词： Conservation Distribution patterns Diversity hotspots Nature reserves Red list Near threatened species

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肯尼亚山森林的破坏与管理

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人类环境杂志 1996年第5期25卷 314-317页

作者： rainer w.bussmann 石培礼

本文提供了肯尼亚山山地森林受破坏的资料。材料取自1992～1994年间所做的植物群落学研究的野外考察,特别是对与人类和大型动物的影响相关的不同森林群落的更新格局和演替循环作了重点观察。尽管在肯尼亚私人植树活动正在缓解薪材的亏缺... 详细信息

本文提供了肯尼亚山山地森林受破坏的资料。材料取自1992～1994年间所做的植物群落学研究的野外考察,特别是对与人类和大型动物的影响相关的不同森林群落的更新格局和演替循环作了重点观察。尽管在肯尼亚私人植树活动正在缓解薪材的亏缺,但是具有20万hm^2森林的肯尼亚山的大部分,也即该国最大的天然林区,受到了非法活动和其它原因造成的严重影响。南坡和东南坡的湿润樟树林因对奥寇梯木(Ocotea usambarensis)大规模择伐和种植大麻而正以惊人的速度受到破坏。旱生的刺柏林(Juniperus procera)也被采伐,特别由于新的拓居计划而受到更严重的危害。大型的大象种群对森林更新没有影响,但是,野牛的啃食和擦伤抑制了旱生森林的更新,并且损伤了许多树木。最后提出了更好地管理森林资源的建议。

关键词：肯尼亚山森林管理

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尼泊尔西部传统医学、药用植物及市场管理现状

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亚太传统医药 2020年第2期16卷 1-2页

作者： Ripu M Kunwar Laxmi Mahat Ram P Acharya rainer w bussmann 佛罗里达亚特兰大大学美国佛罗里达特里布文大学尼泊尔加德满都南昆士兰大学澳大利亚昆士兰伊利亚州立大学格鲁吉亚第比利斯

现代医学是以本土疗法和民族药理学等传统医药学为基础逐渐发展而来的,而传统医药学也成为寻找新药和新的疾病治疗方法的重要来源。医疗全球化的进程使人们对传统医药的需求越来越多,加之不合理的开采和不规范的保护措施,尼泊尔的许多... 详细信息

现代医学是以本土疗法和民族药理学等传统医药学为基础逐渐发展而来的,而传统医药学也成为寻找新药和新的疾病治疗方法的重要来源。医疗全球化的进程使人们对传统医药的需求越来越多,加之不合理的开采和不规范的保护措施,尼泊尔的许多药用植物资源濒临灭绝,可持续化管理迫在眉睫。虽然现代医学对传统医学的冲击很大,但尼泊尔当地居民对传统医学的需求从未停止,除了使用其进行治病外,还通过种植、采集和销售等途径获取经济效益,因此传统医药的规范化管理也应提上日程。

关键词：尼泊尔药用植物可持续管理

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Composition of forests and vegetation in the Kailash Sacred Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1625-1635页

作者： Ripu Mardhan Kunwar Maria Fadiman Tobin Hindle Madan Krishna Suwal Yagya Prasad Adhikari Kedar Baral rainer bussmann Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFL 33431USA Department of Geography University of BergenFosswinckelsgate 6P.O.Box 78025020 BergenNorway Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstr.3095447 BayreuthGermany Department of Forests Kathmandu 44600Nepal Ilia State University Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/50162 TbilisiRepublic of Georgia

A total of 141 quadrats were sampled using stratified random sampling to study forest,environment and human interactions along an elevation gradient 1800 to 3665 m at the remote Kailash Sacred Landscape,*** forest types were identified,including Laurel-Oak to Rhododendron to Blue pine,comprising 191 species including 60 useful from 166 genera and 87 *** environmental variables elevation,slope,and temperature were significant(pwith diverse forest and vegetation types suggest a strong association between the culture of local villages and nature *** to changes in climate,socio-culture and land-use,forest degradation is expected to accelerate,thus forcing government and indigenous community forest management measures to acknowledge human,cultural and environmental variables for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Phyto-sociological assessment Environmental factors Forest types Culture Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal

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Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de wit in the arid area of Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 983-999页

作者： Haq S MARIFATUL Darwish MOHAMMED waheed MUHAMMAD Kumar MANOJ Siddiqui H MANZER bussmann w rainer Department of Ethnobotany Institute of BotanyIlia State UniversityTbilisi 0162Georgia The Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Land Management(CoE-SLM) Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationDehradun 248006India Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Botany State Museum for Natural HistoryKarlsruhe 76133Germany

The presence of invasive plant species poses a substantial ecological impact,thus comprehensive evaluation of their potential range and risk under the influence of climate change is *** study uses maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to forecast the likelihood of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de wit invasion in Saudi Arabia under present and future climate change *** the MaxEnt modeling,we integrated climatic and soil data to predict habitat suitability for the invasive *** conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of the species,using climate variables and ecological *** focused on the important influence of temperature seasonality,temperature annual range,and precipitation *** distribution modeling used robust measures of area under the curve(AUC)and receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)curves,to map the invasion extent,which has a high level of accuracy in identifying appropriate *** complex interaction that influenced the invasion of *** was highlighted by the environmental parameters using Jackknife ***,the actual geographic area where *** was found in Saudi Arabia was considerably smaller than the theoretical maximum range,suggesting that it had the capacity to expand *** MaxEnt model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and produced reliable results based on the data from the ROC *** and temperature were the primary factors influencing the potential distribution of ***,an estimated area of 216,342 km^(2)in Saudi Arabia was at a high probability of invasion by *** investigated the potential for increased invasion hazards in the future due to climate change scenarios(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)245 and 585).The analysis of key climatic variables,including temperature seasonality and annual range,along with soil properties such as clay composition and nitrogen content,unveiled their substanti

关键词： area under the curve invasive species invasion risks climate change MaxEnt model

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Low-loss optical waveguides made with a high-loss material

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 12-18页

作者： Darius Urbonas rainer F.Mahrt Thilo Stoferle IBM Research Europe—Zurich Saumerstrasse 48803 RuschlikonSwitzerland

For guiding light on a chip,it has been pivotal to use materials and process flows that allow low absorption and *** on subwavelength gratings,here,we show that it is possible to create broadband,multimode waveguides with very low propagation losses despite using a strongly absorbing *** perform rigorous coupled-wave analysis and finite-difference time-domain simulations of integrated waveguides that consist of pairs of integrated high-index-contrast *** showcase this concept,we demonstrate guiding of visible light in the wavelength range of 550-650 nm with losses down to 6dB/cm using silicon gratings that have a material absorption of 13,000 dB/cm at this wavelength and are fabricated with standard silicon photonics *** approach allows us to overcome traditional limits of the various established photonics technology platforms with respect to their suitable spectral range and,furthermore,to mitigate situations where absorbing materials,such as highly doped semiconductors,cannot be avoided because of the need for electrical driving,for example,for amplifiers,lasers and modulators.

关键词： waveguides absorbing absorption

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Level of education and mortality after radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 173-177页

作者： Michael Froehner rainer Koch Stefan Propping Dorothea Liebeheim Matthias Hfibler Gustavo B Baretton Oliver w Hakenberg Manfred P wirth Department of Urology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universit~t Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Pathology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Urology University of Rostock Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6 D-18055 Rostock Germany

Estimating the risk of competing mortality is of importance in men with early prostate cancer to choose the most appropriate way of management and to avoid over- or under-treatment. In this study, we investigated the impact of the level of education in this context. The study sample consisted of 2630 patients with complete data on level of education （college, university degree, master craftsmen, comparable profession, or others）, histopathological tumor stage （organ confined or extracapsular）, lymph node status （negative or positive）, and prostatectomy specimen Gleason score （〈7, 7, or 8-10） who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2007. Overall, prostate cancer-specific, competing, and second cancer-related mortalities were study endpoints. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study combined effects of the variables on these endpoints. A higher level of education was independently associated with decreased overall mortality after radical prostatectomy （hazard ratio [HR]： 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]： 0.62-0.91, P = 0.0037）. The mortality difference was attributable to decreased second cancer mortality （HR： 0.59, 95% Ch 0.40-0.85, P = 0.0052） and noncancer mortality （HR： 0.73, 95% Ch 0.55-0.98, P = 0.0345） but not to differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality （HR： 1.16, 95% Ch 0.79-1.69, P = 0.4536 in the full model）. In conclusion, the level of education might serve as an independent prognostic parameter supplementary to age, comorbidity, and smoking status to estimate the risk of competing mortality and to choose optimal treatment for men with early prostate cancer who are candidates for radical prostatectomy.

关键词： comorbidity competing risk analysis level of education life expectancy mortality proportional hazards model prostate cancer radical prostatectomy smoking socioeconomic status

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Epichloë − a lifeline for temperate grasses under combined drought and insect pressure

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Grass Research 2021年第1期1卷 50-61页

作者： Katrin G.Hewitt Alison J.Popay rainer w.Hofmann John R.Caradus AgResearch Ltd. Plant Invertebrate InteractionsRuakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123Hamilton 3240New Zealand Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceLincoln 7647New Zealand Grasslanz Technology Ltd. Private Bag 11008Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

Fungal Epichloëendophytes form symbiotic associations with many temperate grasses,such as Lolium and Festuca,giving their host grasses an ecological *** importance of specific Epichloëendophytes in providing varying levels of protection against invertebrate pests has been well ***,but with fewer studies,the benefits of Epichloëto host grasses in drought events has been ***-infected grasses show an improved persistence against herbivore insect attack as well as resilience under ***,there are relatively few studies that investigate the interaction between drought and insect pressure,and yet it is these combined pressures that can prove detrimental for a ryegrass or fescue *** review examines the current state of knowledge on the effects of Epichloëon the interactions of insects and drought in temperate grasses.

关键词： drought temperate grass

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