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H pylori infection causes chronic pancreatitis in Mongolian gerbils

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第29期13卷 3939-3947页

作者： Gabriele Rieder Arno Karnholz Mechthild Stoeckelhuber Juanita L Merchant rainer haas Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University 80336 Munich Germany Institute of Anatomy Ludwig- Maximilians-University 80336 Munich Germany University of Michigan Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology Ann Arbor Michigan United States

AIM： To investigate whether chronic H pylori infection has the potential to induce pancreatitis in the Mongolian gerbil model, and whether it is dependent on an intact type Ⅳ secretion system. METHODS： Mongolian gerbils were infected with wild type （WT） H pylori type Ⅰ strain B128 or its isogenic mutant B128 △cag γ （defective type Ⅳ secretion）. After seven months of infection, H pylori was reisolated from antrum and corpus and Hpylori DNA was analyzed by seminested polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Inflammation and histological changes were documented in the gastric antrum, corpus, and pancreas by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine mRNA, gastric pH, plasma gastrin, amylase, lipase, and glucose levels were determined. RESULTS： The H pylori infection rate was 95%. Eight infected animals, but none of the uninfected group, developed transmural inflammation and chronic pancreatitis. Extensive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation of the pancreatic lobe adjacent to the antrum was confirmed by trichrome stain, and immuno-histochemically. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was significantly increased in the antral mucosa of all infected gerbils. In the corpus, only cytokine levels of WT-infected animals andthose developing transmural inflammation and pancreatitis were significantly increased. Levels of lipase, but not glucose or amylase levels, were significantly reduced in the pancreatitis group. H pylori DNA was detected in infected antral and corpus tissue,but not in the pancreas CONCLUSION： H pylori infection is able to induce chronic pancreatitis in Mongolian gerbils independently of the type Ⅳ secretion system, probably by an indirect mechanism associated with a penetrating ulcer.

关键词： H pylori Mongolian gerbil Pancreatitis Gastritis Penetrating ulcer

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有机农业对农村经济发展促进作用浅析——以新疆伊吾县有机农业发展为例

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农业考古 2008年第3期 305-307页

作者：刘瑞峰陈彤 rainer haas 新疆农业大学经济与管理学院新疆农业科学院奥地利自然资源与应用生命科学大学

有机农业是当今世界农业日益商品化、市场化、社会化的必然选择,也是促进我国农业结构战略调整的重要途径之一。本文以新疆伊吾县有机农业发展为例,分析了有机农业对新疆的促进作用。最后,提出了加快有机农业发展的对策和建议。

关键词：有机农业农村经济促进作用建议

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奥地利有机农业发展的经验与启示

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老区建设 2007年第10期 62-63页

作者：刘瑞峰陈彤 rainer haas 新疆农业大学经济与管理学院新疆农业大学奥地利维也纳自然资源与应用生命科学大学

一、奥地利有机农业发展的历史与现状20世纪中叶，人类开始了环境意识的觉醒，人们的食品安全意识也随之提高，消费者对纯天然、无污染的健康食品的需求逐渐增加。全球无公害农产品生产体系应运而生，有机农业的发展方兴未艾。奥地利是... 详细信息

一、奥地利有机农业发展的历史与现状20世纪中叶，人类开始了环境意识的觉醒，人们的食品安全意识也随之提高，消费者对纯天然、无污染的健康食品的需求逐渐增加。全球无公害农产品生产体系应运而生，有机农业的发展方兴未艾。奥地利是世界上主要的有机农业生产国家，同时也是有机食品消费的大国，借鉴奥地利发展有机农业的成功经验，对于中国有机农业的发展十分有益。

关键词：农业发展成功经验奥地利有机农业 20世纪中叶食品安全意识无公害农产品环境意识

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A New Kind of Atomic Force Microscopy Scan Control Enabled by Artificial Intelligence:Concept for Achieving Tip and Sample Safety Through Asymmetric Control

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第2期7卷 50-59页

作者： Johannes Degenhardt Mohammed Wassim Bounaim Nan Deng rainer Tutsch Gaoliang Dai Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Bundesallee 10038116 BrunswickGermany Institut Für Prozessmess-und Sensortechnik Technische Universität Ilmenau EhrenbergstraBe 2998693 IlmenauGermany Institute of Production Metrology TU Braunschweig SchleinitzstraBe 2038106 BrunswickGermany

This paper introduces a paradigm shift in atomic force microscope(AFM)scan control,leveraging an artificial intelligence(AI)-based *** contrast to conventional control methods,which either show a limited performance,such as proportional integral differential(PID)control,or which purely focus on mathematical optimality as classical optimal control approaches,our proposed AI approach redefines the objective of control for achieving practical *** presented AI controller minimizes the root-mean-square control deviations in routine scans by a factor of about 4 compared to PID control in the presented setup and also showcases a distinctive asymmetric response in complex situations,prioritizing the safety of the AFM tip and sample instead of the lowest possible control *** development and testing of the AI control concept are performed on simulated AFM scans,demonstrating its huge potential.

关键词： Atomic force microscopy Artificial intelligence Deep reinforcement learning Optimal control

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Predicting potential invasion risks of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit in the arid area of Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 983-999页

作者： Haq S MARIFATUL Darwish MOHAMMED Waheed MUHAMMAD Kumar MANOJ Siddiqui H MANZER Bussmann W rainer Department of Ethnobotany Institute of BotanyIlia State UniversityTbilisi 0162Georgia The Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Land Management(CoE-SLM) Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationDehradun 248006India Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Botany State Museum for Natural HistoryKarlsruhe 76133Germany

The presence of invasive plant species poses a substantial ecological impact,thus comprehensive evaluation of their potential range and risk under the influence of climate change is *** study uses maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to forecast the likelihood of Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit invasion in Saudi Arabia under present and future climate change *** the MaxEnt modeling,we integrated climatic and soil data to predict habitat suitability for the invasive *** conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of the species,using climate variables and ecological *** focused on the important influence of temperature seasonality,temperature annual range,and precipitation *** distribution modeling used robust measures of area under the curve(AUC)and receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)curves,to map the invasion extent,which has a high level of accuracy in identifying appropriate *** complex interaction that influenced the invasion of *** was highlighted by the environmental parameters using Jackknife ***,the actual geographic area where *** was found in Saudi Arabia was considerably smaller than the theoretical maximum range,suggesting that it had the capacity to expand *** MaxEnt model exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and produced reliable results based on the data from the ROC *** and temperature were the primary factors influencing the potential distribution of ***,an estimated area of 216,342 km^(2)in Saudi Arabia was at a high probability of invasion by *** investigated the potential for increased invasion hazards in the future due to climate change scenarios(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)245 and 585).The analysis of key climatic variables,including temperature seasonality and annual range,along with soil properties such as clay composition and nitrogen content,unveiled their substanti

关键词： area under the curve invasive species invasion risks climate change MaxEnt model

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD rainer G.ULRICH Jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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Translocator protein and neurodegeneration: insights from Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1090-1091页

作者： Arpit Kumar Pradhan rainer Rupprecht Gerhard Rammes Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München Klinikum rechts der IsarMunichGermany Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University RegensburgRegensburgGermany

The 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitochondrial homeostasis,cholesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and maintenance of mitochondrial health(Rupprecht et al.,2022,2023).TSPO is expressed in both peripheral organs and the central nervous system,with a more pronounced expression in tissues that produce *** main reason why TSPO has garnered so much attention is because it plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by transferring cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane,which is the rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis.A cholesterol-recognizing amino acid consensus domain has been identified in the cytosolic C terminus of the TSPO protein by both in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis experiments(Li et al.,2001).However,the role of TSPO in the process of neurosteroid synthesis has been challenged by several studies,particularly TSPO knockout models,which suggest that TSPO removal does not affect the phenotype or the system’s viability(Tu et al.,2014).However,ligands targeting TSPO have been shown to enhance levels of neurosteroids which suggests that neurosteroidogenesis is one of the major functional roles mediated by the TSPO protein.

关键词： cholesterol organs

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Viscoelasticity and shear resistance at the aggregate scale of structured and organic carbon-free Chernozems

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 754-764页

作者： Christoph haas rainer HORN Philipp SAGGAU rainer DUTTMANN Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science University of KielKiel 24118Germany Department of Geography Division of Landscape Ecology and Geoinformation SciencesUniversity of KielKiel 24118Germany

Soil rheology characterises the flow behaviour of soils at the particle-particle to aggregate *** sweep tests(ASTs)are often the method of choice for parameterizing soil flow properties,such as the shear strain values at the end of the linear viscoelastic range(i.e.,the deformation is mainly elastic)and at the yield point(i.e.,elastic equals plastic deformation).Samples from seven soil profiles and five soil depths of Chernozems,collected in the Maidanetske study area,close to Uman City of Ukraine,were analysed to evaluate the effect of soil organic carbon(SOC)on the parameters related to soil microstructural stability derived from *** organic carbon was removed with H_(2)O_(2)to determine the soil texture-dependent values of soil rheological properties,which were compared to the values determined for samples with intact water-stable *** shear resistance-related parameters increased for aggregated soil samples compared to SOC-free soil samples,indicating an increase in soil stability due to *** contrast,the values of the overall viscoelasticity and the shear strain were reduced for aggregated soil samples,indicating decreased soil *** functions were applied to predict the shear strain-dependent loss and storage moduli and shear stress values as a function of SOC *** particles(630–2000μm)and volumetric water content improved the *** conclude that increased SOC content,through the gluing and cementing effects of SOC and altered aggregate shapes compared to SOC-free soil materials,contributes to higher microstructural ***,the increased water content in the SOC-containing soil samples reversed soil strengthening *** was due to the fact that a more rapid increase in positive water pressure under shear stress weakened the samples and the spherical aggregates began to rotate more easily,thus loosing energy,when compared to platy particles of the SOC-free soil materials.

关键词： aggregation rheology shear strain shear stress soil organic carbon depletion soil stability

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Comparing 11 early warning scores and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 273-282页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Zonglin Dai Eric Ho Yin Lau Carrie Yuen Ting Ip Ho Ching Chan Lingyun Zhao Tat ChiTsang Matthew Sik Hon Tsui Timothy Hudson rainer Department of Emergency Medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in Hong *** primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED *** c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three shock indices(the shock index[SI],modified shock index[MSI],and diastolic shock index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time ***:We analyzed 601 patients,of whom 166(27.6%)developed ***2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROC]0.75,95%CI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and shock indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary ***,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%CI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%CI 0.85-0.91),*** discriminatory performance of all EWSs and shock indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time ***:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and shock indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

关键词： Sepsis Emergency department Clinical prediction rule Early warning score Shock index

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Friction between a temperature dependent viscoelastic body and a rough surface

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Friction 2016年第1期4卷 50-64页

作者： rainer HEISE Institute for Mechanics Technische Universit(a)t Berlin Straβe des 17.Juni 135 Berlin D-10623 Germany

In this study, we investigate the friction between a one-dimensional elastomer and a one-dimensional rigid randomly rough surface. Special emphasis is laid on the temperature dependence of the elastomer and its effect on the frictional behavior of the contact. The elastomer is modeled as a Kelvin body in a one-dimensional substitute model in the spirit of the method of dimensionality reduction. The randomly rough surface is a self-affine one-dimensional fractal. We provide a short discussion of a conical indenter pressed in a displacement controlled process into an elastomer. These analytical considerations are taken as a basis for the treatment of the randomly rough counter surface in contact to an elastomer with and without temperature dependent viscosity. We identify dimensionless quantities describing this process, introduce a thermal length scale, and give estimates for the coefficient of friction as function of velocity, indentation and thermal quantities.

关键词： elastomer friction temperature dependence coefficient of friction

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