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Global climate change and human health:Pathways and possible solutions

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第2期1卷 53-62页

作者： Qi Zhao Pei Yu rahini mahendran Wenzhong Huang Yuan Gao Zhengyu Yang Tingting Ye Bo Wen Yao Wu Shanshan Li Yuming Guo Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne3004Australia

Global warming has been changing the planet’s climate pattern,leading to increasing frequency,intensity and duration of extreme weather events and natural disasters.These climate-changing events affect various health outcomes adversely through complicated pathways.This paper reviews the main signs of climate change so far,e.g.,suboptimal ambient temperature,sea-level rise and other conditions,and depicts the interactive pathways between different climate-changing events such as suboptimal temperature,wildfires,and floods with a broad range of health outcomes.Meanwhile,the modifying effect of socioeconomic,demographic and environmental factors on the pathways is summarised,such that the youth,elderly,females,poor and those living in coastal regions are particularly susceptible to climate change.Although Earth as a whole is expected to suffer from climate change,this review article discusses some potential benefits for certain regions,e.g.,a more liveable environment and sufficient food supply.Finally,we summarise certain mitigation and adaptation strategies against climate change and how these strategies may benefit human health in other ways.This review article provides a comprehensive and concise introduction of the pathways between climate change and human health and possible solutions,which may map directions for future research.

关键词： Climate change Health Pathways Adaptation Mitigation

Surface Morphology and Thermo-Electrical Energy Analysis of Polyaniline (PANI) Incorporated Cotton Fabric

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Energy Engineering 2024年第1期121卷 1-12页

作者： Md.Shohan Parvez Md.Mustafizur Rahman mahendran Samykano Mohammad Yeakub Ali Automotive Engineering Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekanMalaysia Department of Textile Engineering Khulna University of Engineering&Technology(KUET)KhulnaBangladesh Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes(CARIFF) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahLebuhraya Tun RazakGambangMalaysia Mechanical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi BruneiBruneiDarussalam

With the exponential development in wearable electronics,a significant paradigm shift is observed from rigid electronics to flexible wearable devices.Polyaniline(PANI)is considered as a dominant material in this sector,as it is endowed with the optical properties of both metal and semiconductors.However,its widespread application got delineated because of its irregular rigid form,level of conductivity,and precise choice of solvents.Incorporating PANI in textile materials can generate promising functionality for wearable applications.This research work employed a straightforward in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization to synthesize PANI on Cotton fabric surfaces with varying dopant(HCl)concentrations.Pre-treatment using NaOH is implemented to improve the conductivity of the fabric surface by increasing the monomer absorption.This research explores the morphological and structural analysis employing SEM,FTIR and EDX.The surface resistivity was measured using a digital multimeter,and thermal stability is measured using TGA.Upon successful polymerization,a homogenous coating layer is observed.It is revealed that the simple pre-treatment technique significantly reduces the surface resistivity of Cotton fabric to 1.27 kΩ/cm with increasing acid concentration and thermal stability.The electro-thermal energy can also reach up to 38.2°C within 50 s with a deployed voltage of 15 V.The modified fabric is anticipated to be used in thermal regulation,supercapacitor,sensor,UV shielding,antimicrobial and other prospective functional applications.

关键词： Polyaniline cotton in-situ polymerization SEM TGA heating fabric

Properties of Different Chemically Treated Woven Hemp Fabric Reinforced Bio-Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第6期10卷 1505-1516页

作者： Arunjunai Raj mahendran Günter Wuzella Stefan Pichler Herfried Lammer Wood K Plus-Competence Center for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry LinzA-4040Austria

The objective of this work is to carry out the chemical treatment for the hemp fabrics in a closed vacuum system and to prepare bio-based composites using treated hemp fabrics.The change in surface tension of the treated fabrics was measured using contact angle measurement and the wetting behavior using a tensiometer.Bio-based composites were fabricated using bio-based epoxy resin and different chemically treated fabrics.The flexural strength and dynamic water absorption behavior of the composites were characterized.The acetylated fabrics showed very good wetting behavior,and the contact angle values were marginally low compared to other treatment techniques.The bio-based composites fabricated using maleic anhydride treated fabrics achieved the flexural strength of 148 MPa and the dynamic water absorption values were less than 6%.The acetylated and maleic anhydride treatment methods were effective chemical treatments for the hemp fabrics and they enhanced both the wettability and fiber-matrix interaction.The chemical treatment methods that are carried out in the sealed environment can be utilized for all other natural fabrics that help overcome the moisture absorption behavior.

关键词： Bio-based composites natural fiber chemical treatment mechanical properties

Double intussusception in a teenage child with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第23期9卷 6804-6809页

作者： Junloong Chiew Sekkapan Thannimalai Sambanthan Hans Alexander mahendran Department of Surgery Hospital Sultanah AminahJohor Bahru 80100Malaysia

BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation.Patients with PJS are at risk of complications such as intussusception.Intussusception is a condition where one segment of the intestine invaginates into another,causing intestinal obstruction.We report a PJS patient who was diagnosed with double intussusception in a single setting.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old teenage male PJS patient presented with a history of colicky abdominal pain,vomiting,blood in stools,loss of appetite,and weight loss.On abdominal examination,a vague mass was palpable over the right upper quadrant.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)of the abdomen was performed and an intussusception involving the jejunum and rectosigmoid junction was observed.The patient subsequently underwent a laparotomy and intussusception involving the jejunum and another over the ileum was noted intra-operatively.Bowel resection and an endoscopic polypectomy were performed,followed by a primary anastomosis.The patient was discharged well and reviewed again one month later,and was noted to be well.CONCLUSION PJS patients have a high risk of intussusception and can be diagnosed accurately by endoscopic surveillance or radiologically with abdominal CT or magnetic resonance imaging.The mainstay of treatment is surgical intervention followed by endoscopic surveillance with periodic polypectomy.

关键词： Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Intussusception Case report

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol enhances early postoperative recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第2期18卷 188-193页

作者： Ramasamy mahendran Mallika Tewari Vinod Kumar Dixit Hari Shankar Shukla Department of Surgical Oncology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) protocol is a multimodal, multidisciplinary and evidence-based approach to reduce surgical stress and enhance recovery in the postoperative period. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of ERAS protocol in patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients with pancreatic/periampullary cancer who underwent PD between January 2016 to August 2017 were included in the study. As per the institute ERAS protocol, nasogastric tube(NGT) was removed on postoperative day(POD) 1 if output was less than 200 mL and oral sips were allowed; oral liquids were allowed on POD2; semisolid diet by POD3; abdominal drain was removed on POD 4 if output was less than 100 mL with no evidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF); normal diet was allowed on POD5. Discharge criteria on POD6 were afebrile, tolerating oral normal diet, pain free and no surgery related complications(defined as per the ISGPS definitions). Results: NGT was removed on POD1 in 45(90%) patients, abdominal drain removed by POD4 in 41(82%) and 43(86%) patients were discharged on POD6. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. Three(6%) patients had delayed gastric emptying(DGE). None had postoperative hemorrhage and POPF. Readmission rate was 8%. A significant relation was found between the length of hospital stay(LOS) with age( P < 0.05) and a marginal relation between LOS and postoperative albumin( P = 0.05). Conclusions: ERAS protocol can be safely followed in the perioperative care of patients who undergo PD. Early removal of NGT and allowing oral diet restore bowel function early. ERAS decreases the LOS and postoperative complications.

关键词： Enhanced recovery protocol Pancreatic cancer Periampullary cancer Pancreaticoduodenectomy Early discharge

Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Structurally Diverse Poly(bispropargyl ethers-bismaleimide) Blends

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第3期34卷 253-253,254-267页

作者： Jeyaraj Pandiyan Dhanalakshmi mahendran Arunjunai Raj Chinnaswamy Thangavel Vijayakumar Department of Chemistry Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology S.P.G.C.Nagar Wood Carinthian Competence Centre Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH Department of Polymer Technology Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology S.P.G.C.Nagar

Structurally diverse bispropargyl ethers using resorcinol,quinol,4,4￠-dihydroxy biphenyl,bisphenol-A,4,4￠-dihydroxy diphenyl ketone,4,4￠-dihydroxy diphenylsulphone,trimethyl indane bisphenol and tetramethyl spirobiindane bisphenol were prepared by using phase transfer catalyst.Synthesized materials were separately blended with 4,4￠-bismaleimido diphenyl methane（BMIM）in mole ratios（0.5：0.5）.The materials were thermally cured and the structural characterisation and the thermal properties of these cross-linked materials are investigated using Fourier-transform infrared（FTIR）spectrophotometer and thermogravimetric analyzer（TGA）.Among the different materials investigated poly MRPE,poly MBPEBPA and poly MSPE show higher onset degradation temperature of 300°C indicating higher thermal stability.The degradation kinetics is investigated using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）,Vyazovkin（VYZ）and Friedman（FRD）methods.Amongst the various cured materials investigated,the activation energy（Ea-D）values obtained for poly MRPE and poly MKPE were observed to increase continuously froma=0.2 to 0.8 and the values range from 199 kJ/mol to 245 k J/mol and 153 k J/mol to 295 k J/mol respectively.The crosslinked materials resulting from these bispropargyl monomers definitely need more energy for bond cleavage due to the presence of more aromatic units.The volatile products obtained during the thermal degradation of the polymers were analyzed using thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared analyses（TG-FTIR）.The phenols,substituted phenols,carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide and small amount of aniline were found to be the major products during thermal degradation of these cured blends.

关键词： Bispropargyl ethers Bismaleimide TG Degradation kinetics TG-FTIR

Influences of diffusion bonding process parameters on bond characteristics of Mg-Cu dissimilar joints

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第6期20卷 997-1005页

作者： G. mahendran V. BALASUBR AMANIAN T. SENTHILVELAN Department of Mechanical Engineering V.R.S. College of Engineering and Technology Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Department of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College

In many circumstances,dissimilar metals have to be bonded together and the resulting joint interfaces must typically sustain mechanical and/or electrical forces without failure,which is not possible by fusion welding processes.The melting points of magnesium(Mg)and copper(Cu)have a significant difference(nearly 400℃)and this may lead to a large difference in the microstructure and joint performance of Mg-Cu joints.However,diffusion bonding can be used to join these alloys without much difficulty.This work analyses the effect of parameters on diffusion layer thickness,hardness and strength of magnesium-copper dissimilar joints.The experiments were conducted using three-factor,five-level,central composite rotatable design matrix.Empirical relationships were developed to predict diffusion layer thickness,hardness and strength using response surface methodology.It is found that bonding temperature has predominant effect on bond characteristics.Joints fabricated at a bonding temperature of 450℃, bonding pressure of 12 MPa and bonding time of 30 min exhibited maximum shear strength and bonding strength of 66 and 81 MPa, respectively.

关键词：粘结性能异种接头焊接工艺参数扩散焊中心旋转组合设计扩散层厚度铜镁

Green Composite Material Made from Typha latifolia Fibres Bonded with an Epoxidized Linseed Oil/Tall Oil-Based Polyamide Binder System

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第5期8卷 499-512页

作者： Günter Wuzella Arunjunai Raj mahendran Andreas Kandelbauer Kompetenzzentrum Holz(Wood K Plus) LinzA-4040Austria Reutlingen University Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis&TechnologySchool of Applied ChemistryReutlingenD-72762Germany

Here,we report the mechanical and water sorption properties of a green composite based on Typha latifolia fibres.The composite was prepared either completely binder-less or bonded with 10%(w/w)of a bio-based resin which was a mixture of an epoxidized linseed oil and a tall-oil based polyamide.The flexural modulus of elasticity,the flexural strength and the water absorption of hot pressed Typha panels were measured and the influence of pressing time and panel density on these properties was investigated.The cure kinetics of the biobased resin was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)in combination with the iso-conversional kinetic analysis method of Vyazovkin to derive the curing conditions required for achieving completely cured resin.For the binderless Typha panels the best technological properties were achieved for panels with high density.By adding 10%of the binder resin the flexural strength and especially the water absorption were improved significantly.

关键词： Natural fibre composite Cattails Typha latifolia epoxidized linseed oil cure kinetics iso-conversional kinetic analysis

Development of realistic design fire time-temperature ：urves for the testing of cold-formed steel wall systems

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014年第4期8卷 427-447页

作者： Anthony Deloge ARIYANAYAGAM Mahen mahendran School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane QLD 4000 Australia

Fire resistance rating of light gauge steel frame （LSF） wall systems is obtained from fire tests based on the standard fire time-temperature curve. However, fire severity has increased in modem buildings due to higher fuel loads as a result of modern furniture and light weight constructions that make use of thermoplastics materials, synthetic foams and fabrics. Some of these materials are high in calorific values and increase both the spread of fire growth and heat release rate, thus increasing the fire severity beyond that of the standard fire curve. Further, the standard fire curve does not include a decay phase that is present in natural fires. Despite the increasing usage of LSF walls, their behavior in real building fires is not fully understood. This paper presents the details of a research study aimed at developing realistic design fire curves for use in the fire tests of LSF walls. It includes a review of the characteristics of building fires, previously developed fire time-temperature curves, computer models and available parametric equations. The paper highlights that real building fire time-temperature curves depend on the fuel load representing the combustible building contents, ventilation openings and thermal properties of wall lining materials, and provides suitable values of many required parameters including fuel loads in residential buildings. Finally, realistic design fire time-temperature curves simulating the fire conditions in modem residential buildings are proposed for the testing of LSF walls.

关键词： fire safety standard fire curve realistic design fire time-temperature curves light gauge steel frame （LSF） walls,fuel load fire resistance rating