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Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes of Teenage Pregnant Women Attending a Secondary Hospital in Hyderabad

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第5期7卷 503-510页

作者： Sana Zahiruddin Pushpa Chetandas Sheikh Irfan Ahmed raheela baloch Obstetrics and Gynecology Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in teenage pregnancies at secondary hospital Hyderabad. Methods: Retrospective record review was conducted between January 2012 to January 2016. Total No. of deliveries was 15,395 out of which No. of teenage was 452. Results: Rate of teenage pregnancy in our hospital during study period was 2.93%. Majority of women were uneducated. Teenage mother more likely to develop pregnancy induced hypertension 19.5%, frequency of mild, moderate, and severe anemia were reported to be 69.9%, 28.8% and 1.3% respectively. Conclusion: Fetal and neonatal outcome was not adversely affected. Teenage pregnancy outcome can be achieved favorable with good antenatal care.

关键词： Teenage Pregnancy Maternal and Fetal Outcome

Increasing rate of Caesarean Section Due to Non-Reassuring Cardiotocography

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第3期7卷 351-357页

作者： Pushpa Chetandas Sana Zahiruddin Nigar Jabeen raheela baloch Fouzia Shaikh Obstetrics and Gynecology Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To evaluate increasing rate of caesarean section due to non-reassuring cardiotocography. Methods: This study is carried out in obs/gyn department of Liaquat university hospital from 2012 to 2013. After permission from ERC, patients enrolled for study meeting inclusion criteria with non-reactive cardiotocography undergo caesarean section, and results are analysis through SSPS version 17. Results: There was wide variation of maternal age ranging from a minimum of 20 years to 30 years. The mean age was 26 ± 2.1 years. In our study mostly patients were primigravida 58 (58%) between 2 - 4 were 22 (22%) more than para 5 were 20 (20%) patients. In our study mostly patients undergone caesarean section 81 (81%) 19 delivered vaginally (19%). In our study the gestational age was >37 weeks, ranging from a minimum of 37 weeks to 42 weeks. The mean age was 37 + 2.4 week. Mostly patients observed 37 - 38 wks in (52.67%), 39 - 40 wks in (32.14%) and 41 - 42 wks in (15.17%). In our study mostly Apgar score were more than 7 was 63 (63%) cases and less than 7 Apgar score in 37 (37%). Conclusion: Cardiotocography is a useful and indispensable adjunct to monitor the condition of endangered fetus. However, there is a need to develop a standardized and unambiguous definition of FHR tracing to reduce the incidence of false positive findings that may result in increased incidence of unnecessary intervention particularly caesarean section.

关键词： Non-Reassuring Cardiotocography Caesarean Section Apgar Score

MXenes:A comprehensive review of synthesis,properties,and progress in supercapacitor applications

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第6期9卷 1196-1241页

作者： raheela Akhter Shrikant S.Maktedar Materials Chemistry&Engineering Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryNational Institute of TechnologySrinagar190006J&K(UT)India

MXenes,a class of two-dimensional materials,have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and versatile applications in various *** review provides a comprehensive overview of MXene synthesis methods,highlighting their distinctive layered structure and tunable properties through surface *** focus then shifts to their remarkable role in supercapacitor *** exhibit high electrical conductivity,large surface areas,and tailored surface chemistry,making them promising candidates for energy storage in *** paper discusses the interplay of electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance mechanisms within MXenebased electrodes,detailing recent research efforts aimed at optimizing their energy storage *** a combination of theoretical insights and experimental findings,the potential of MXenes to revolutionize supercapacitor technology emerges,offering prospects for high-energy-density and long-lasting energy storage ***,this review highlights recent advances in MXenebased supercapacitors,including novel electrode designs,electrolyte engineering,and hybrid materials,showcasing the dynamic evolution of MXene-based supercapacitor *** comprehensive overview aims to provide a thorough understanding of MXenes'synthesis,properties,and their pivotal role in advancing supercapacitor technology,while also encompassing the latest breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field.

关键词： MXenes Bimetallic MXenes Supercapacitor Charge storage mechanism Microsupercapacitor Prelithiation

Fake News Encoder Classifier (FNEC) for Online Published News Related to COVID-19 Vaccines

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 73-90页

作者： Asma Qaiser Saman Hina Abdul Karim Kazi Saad Ahmed raheela Asif Department of Computer Science and Information Technology NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Computer Science Iqra UniversityKarachi76400Pakistan Department of Software Engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan

In the past few years,social media and online news platforms have played an essential role in distributing news content *** of the authenticity of news has become a major *** the COVID-19 outbreak,misinformation and fake news were major sources of confusion and insecurity among the general *** the first quarter of the year 2020,around 800 people died due to fake news relevant to *** major goal of this research was to discover the best learning model for achieving high accuracy and performance.A novel case study of the Fake News Classification using ELECTRA model,which achieved 85.11%accuracy score,is thus reported in this *** addition to that,a new novel dataset called COVAX-Reality containing COVID-19 vaccine-related news has been *** the COVAX-Reality dataset,the performance of FNEC is compared to several traditional learning models i.e.,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Naive Bayes(NB),Passive Aggressive Classifier(PAC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Bi-directional LSTM(Bi-LSTM)and Bi-directional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT).For the evaluation of FNEC,standard metrics(Precision,Recall,Accuracy,and F1-Score)were utilized.

关键词： Deep learning fake news detection machine learning transformer model classification

Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity related education in Pakistan:Engaging students through the Socratic method of learning

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第1期3卷 22-27页

作者： Sahrish Muneer Hammad Afzal Kayani Kashif Ali Ehtesham Asif raheela Rehmat Zohra Furqan Kabir Department of Paediatrics&Child Health Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan Department of Biosciences Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and TechnologyKarachiPakistan Department of Biotechnology University of KarachiPakistan

Background:Laboratory biosafety is currently a major global issue in clinical research and academic *** alleviate these concerns,subject-specific education of standardized laboratory practices is essential and should be delivered in a comprehensible,interactive,and appealing *** objective of the present study was to engage university-level students in laboratory biosafety and biosecurity related education through the Socratic method of learning.A pre/post-test model was implemented to assess the knowledge improvement after the ***:Two workshops were conducted individually at a public and private educational institute in October 2019 and December 2019,*** concepts were delivered in an interactive engagement format to ensure substantive ***-and post-training scores were computed,and a paired t-test was used to assess knowledge ***:Out of the 357 students from both institutes,320(90%)provided consent and completed the preand post-test *** participants lacked a baseline knowledge of laboratory biosafety.A statistically significant increase(14%to 84%)in knowledge was reported among students,with a p-value of<*** improved in the post-test assessment,where 87%were high performers,and only 1%were low-performing *** difference between the pre-and post-test mean scores was indicative of a substantial 70%improvement in *** exhibited high levels of satisfaction with the Socratic method of teaching ***:The study highlighted the significance of the Socratic style of learning for engaging students and improving their knowledge and awareness of laboratory biosafety in academic settings in Pakistan.

关键词： Laboratory biosafety Biosecurity Philosophy of containment Bio-risk management Socratic method of learning

Temporal Preferences-Based Utility Control for Smart Homes

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1699-1714页

作者： Salman Naseer raheela Saleem Muhammad Mudasar Ghafoor Shahzada Khurram Shafiq Ahmad Abdelaty Edrees Sayed Muhammad Shafiq Jin-Ghoo Choi Department of Information Technology University of the PunjabGujranwala Campus52250Pakistan Department of Computer Science Gift UniversityGujranwalaPunjab52250 Pakistan University of the Punjab Jehlum CampusJehlum49600Pakistan Faculty of Computing The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

The residential sector contributes a large part of the energy to the global energy *** date,housing demand has mostly been uncontrollable and inelastic to grid *** the performance of a home energy manage-ment system requires the creation of various proﬁles of real-world residential demand,as residential demand is complex and includes multiple factors such as occupancy,climate,user preferences,and appliance *** Peak Ratio(A2P)is one of the most important parameters when managing an efﬁcient and cost-effective energy *** the household level,the larger relative magni-tudes of certain energy devices make managing this ratio critical,albeit difﬁ*** Demand Response(DR)and Demand Side Management(DSM)systems have been proposed to reduce this ratio to *** main ways to achieve this are economic incentives,user comfort modeling and control,or *** this study,we propose a unique opportunistic social time approach called the Time Utility Based Control Feature(TUBCF),which uses the concept of a utility function from economics to model and control consumer *** propose a DR model for residential customers to reduce Peak-to-Average Ratio(PAR)and improve customer satisfaction by eliminating Appliance Wait Time(WTA)during peak *** PAR reduction and WTA,we propose a system architecture and mathematical *** proposed model automatically schedules devices based on their temporal preferences and considers six households with different device types and operational *** results show that using this strategy can reduce A2P by 80%and improve user comfort during peak hours.

关键词： Temporal preferences utility control ﬁxed priority demand shaping

A new approach for reduction of methylene green withascorbic acid by de-oxygenation through carbondioxide

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Natural Science 2011年第7期3卷 566-572页

作者： Rafia Azmat Noshab Qamar raheela Naz 不详

Reduction kinetics of the methylene green (MG) with ascorbic acid (AA) in acidic medium at λmax 660 nm was monitored through visible spectrophotomtry in absence and presence of sodium carbonate. CO2 release through reaction of sodium carbonate and oxalic acid, created deoxygenated atmosphere for reduction of dye which greatly boosted the reaction rate. Initially slow reaction in presence of atmospheric oxygen proceeded rapidly when sodium carbonate was added. The reaction followed fractional order kinetics with AA and zero order kinetics with MG. The rate of reaction shows no linear dependence on [H+] concentration as an acidic medium. The rate of reaction is directly related with the elevated concentration of salt, which suggests that the two same charged species are involved in the rate determining step. Secondary reactions at elevated temperature showed complex kinetics.

关键词： Ascorbic Acid Methylene Green Sodium Carbonate Charged Species Secondary Reactions Elevated Temperature

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of d-fructose and d-lactose by permanganate ion in acidic medium

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Natural Science 2012年第7期4卷 466-478页

作者： Rafia Azmat raheela Naz Noshab Qamar Imran Malik Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Department of Chemistry Jinnah University for Women 5-C Nazimabad Karachi Pakistan International Centre of Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS) University of Karachi

The oxidations of D-fructose and D-lactose were monitored spectrophotometrically by potassium permanganate in acidic medium at λmax 545 nm. Reaction demonstrated that the two oxidative species of permanganate were involved in an acidic oxidation of the sugars. It was established that respective acids of sugars as well as arabinonic and formic acid were the oxidation products. Respective acids of sugars were the results of reactive oxygen species of permanganate ions in acidic conditions while arabinonic and formic acids due to the cleavage of C__C bond through MnO-4 species. It was first order kinetics with respect to [MnO-4 ], [fructose], [lactose] and [H+]. Hg was used to accelerate the slow oxidation of lactose. Effect of varying salt electrolyte concentration was insignificant showing that the molecular species was involved in the rate determining step. Formic and arabinonic acids and respective acids were analyzed through spot and spectroscopic studies respectively. Reaction was monitored at different temperatures and thermodynamics activation parameters were determined. A mechanism consistent with kinetic studies, spectral evidences, stoichiometry of the reactions and product analysis has been proposed for the oxidation of fructose and lactose in absence and presence of catalyst respectively.

关键词： Fructose Lactose KMnO4 Hg Formic Acid Arabinonic Acid

Analytical model for the effects of the variation of ferrolectric material parameters on the minimum subthreshold swing in negative capacitance capacitor

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Journal of Semiconductors 2019年第12期40卷 92-96页

作者： raheela Rasool Najeeb-ud-Din G.M.Rather Department of Electronics and Communication National Institute of Technology

In this paper,we analytically study the relationship between the coercive field,remnant polarization and the thickness of a ferroelectric material,required for the minimum subthreshold swing in a negative capacitance *** interdependence of the ferroelectric material properties shown in this study is defined by the capacitance matching conditions in the subthreshold region in an NC *** this paper,we propose an analytical model to find the optimal ferroelectric thickness and channel doping to achieve a minimum subthreshold swing,due to a particular ferroelectric *** results have been validated against the numerical and experimental results already available in the ***,we obtain the minimum possible subthreshold swing for different ferroelectric materials used in the gate stack of an NC-FET in the context of a manufacturable semiconductor *** results are presented in the form of a table,which shows the calculated channel doping,ferroelectric thickness and minimum subthreshold for five different ferroelectric materials.

关键词： NC-capacitor ferroelectrics subthreshold swing negative capacitance