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Comparison of Transvaginal Ultrasound, Saline Infusion Sonohysterography versus Diagnostic Hysteroscopy in Evaluation of Endometrial Cavity Pathology amongst Women with Abnormal Uterine bleeding in Low Resource Setting

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第5期10卷 644-656页

作者： Jayni Dedhia Gichuhi J.Wanyoike Ojwang b.Shadrack Madadi M.Obimbo rafique b.parkar Elijah Kwasa Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology University of NairobiNairobiKenya Department of Anatomy University of NairobiNairobiKenya Consultant Obstetrician&Gynecologist NairobiKenya Consultant Radiologist NairobiKenya

Introduction: Hysteroscopy is currently the gold-standard protocol for evaluating patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUb). Unfortunately, though accurate, its adoption in low-resource countries such as in Africa is limited due to lack of equipment and qualified personnel. As such, there is a need for an alternative diagnostic procedure that is as accurate as hysteroscopy, but also affordable, easy to administer, and acceptable by women with endometrial pathologies. Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) and Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS) are proposed. However, their diagnostic accuracy versus hysteroscopy has not been determined in low resource setting. Objective: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of TVS and SIS versus diagnostic hysteroscopy in evaluation of endometrial pathology among pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women and to determine the etiology of AUb amongst these women. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was done at a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya between May and September 2019. Forty patients with AUb were recruited using consecutive sampling, and women who consented were recruited. The etiology of AUb was recorded. All participants underwent TVS, SIS and Diagnostic Hysteroscopy (DH) evaluation in the first half of the menstrual cycle and the findings recorded on a patient’s information sheet. The sociodemographic and bleeding characteristics of patients and the outcomes of TVS, SIS, and DH evaluations were also recorded and the data was analysed using version 5 of the Software for Statistics and Data Science (STATA). Summary statistics on the etiology of AUb were presented and the sensitivity of TVS and SIS versus DH as the gold-standard evaluated using two by two tables and the ROC curve. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.1 ± 8.8 years, range of 25 - 71 years. Heavy Menstrual bleeding (HMb) was reported in 70.0% of participants, while about 12.0%, 7.5%, and 7.5% had post-menopausal bleeding, amenorrhea, and hypomenorrhea. The inc

关键词： Abnormal Uterine bleeding Transvaginal Sonography Saline Infusion Sonohysterography Hysteroscopy

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上海崇明东滩湿地潮滩梯度下芦苇种群动态分析

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生态与农村环境学报 2024年第5期40卷 657-664页

作者：王虓李德志计阳晴李羚菱 Rasool Samreen Ghulam Tehreem rafique 王莹陈婧华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院上海200241 华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室上海200241 崇明生态研究院上海202162 自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心上海200062

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是崇明东滩湿地潮间带的优势种,具有良好的水土保持与净化功能。芦苇种群主要在中、高潮滩呈带状分布,但在低潮滩也有小斑块状分布。作为典型根茎型克隆植物的芦苇种群,在盐沼湿地不同潮滩表现出怎样的种群... 详细信息

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是崇明东滩湿地潮间带的优势种,具有良好的水土保持与净化功能。芦苇种群主要在中、高潮滩呈带状分布,但在低潮滩也有小斑块状分布。作为典型根茎型克隆植物的芦苇种群,在盐沼湿地不同潮滩表现出怎样的种群动态特征,进而反映出怎样的差异化的适应能力,值得深入研究。以分布在崇明东滩湿地低、中、高3个潮滩上的芦苇种群为研究对象,全程定位追踪起始于4、6月的同生群在整个生长季的生长、发育过程,并定量分析它们的动态生命表、生存曲线、生存率和累积死亡率,系统揭示分布于3个潮滩的芦苇种群典型动态特征。结果表明:(1)起始于4月的处于低、中、高3个潮滩上的芦苇同生群,其生存曲线存在差异,它们分别趋近于Deevey-Ⅰ型、Deevey-Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的过渡型,以及Deevey-Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的过渡型;(2)起始于6月的处于低、中潮滩上的芦苇同生群,其生存曲线呈现出与4月同生群相似的特征,高潮滩同生群则由Deevey-Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的过渡型转变成Deevey-Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的过渡型;(3)经综合分析,高潮滩芦苇同生群稳定性最强,低潮滩同生群相对不稳定,中潮滩同生群在生长初期不稳定而在生长中后期趋于稳定;(4)基于上述研究结果,针对东滩湿地沿潮滩梯度分布的芦苇种群的保育与管理提出了合理建议。

关键词：崇明东滩湿地芦苇动态生命表种群动态

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Characterization of ion irradiated silicon surfaces ablated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Chinese Physics b 2018年第8期27卷 505-510页

作者： T Iqbal M Abrar M b Tahir M Seemab A Majid S rafique Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Department of Physics Hazara University Mansehra Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology (UET)Lahore Pakistan

Low energy metallic ions, generated by a Q-switched Nd：YAG laser （1064-nm wavelength, 10-mJ energy, 9-nm 12-ns-pulse width, 1011 W/cm2 intensity） irradiated on a silicon substrate to modify various properties, such as electrical, morphological, and structural modifications. Thomson parabola technique is used to calculate the energy of these metallic ions whereas the electrical conductivity is calculated with the help of Four-point probe. Interestingly circular tracks forming chain like damage trails are produced via these energetic ions which are carefully examined by optical microscopy. It is observed that excitation, ionization, and cascade collisions are responsible for surface modifications of irradiated samples. Four-point probe analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity of substrate has reduced with increasing trend of atomic number of irradiated metallic ions （A1, Ti, Cu, and Au）. The x-ray diffraction analysis elucidated the crystallographic changes leading to reduction of grain size of N-type silicon substrate, which is also associated with the metallic ions used. The decreasing trend of conductivity and grain size is due to thermal stresses, scattering effect, structural imperfections, and non-uniform conduction of energy absorbed by substrate atoms after the ion irradiation.

关键词： ablation Thomson parabola technique four-point probe

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Systematic Review of Prevalence of Endometriosis among Indigenous Africans

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第8期7卷 835-845页

作者： Gichuhi J. Wanyoike rafique parkar Ndegwa S. Wanjiru Department of Obstetric & Gynaecologist University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Step to Fertility Foundation Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Although the prevalence of endometriosis is to a certain extent documented in women living in high resource countries, its prevalence in black Africa is unknown. Since the current view is that endometriosis hardly affects indigenous Africans, we aim to provide a systematic review of prevalence of endometriosis among the indigenous Africans. Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of endometriosis in the indigenous African women. Methodology: A systematic literature search was carried out for relevant articles on all citations on PubMed, based on the key words “Endometriosis” and “Africa”. An additional search was done on African journal Online. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of endometriosis among indigenous Africans. Results: Out of 58 identified paper’s, only 4 were eligible for the systematic review. The prevalence of endometriosis was 4.3% (Osefo et al. [1] and 8.2% (Ekwempu et al. [2]) in the laparotomy and hysterectomy specimen respectively. In the paper by Fawole et al. [3], where endometriosis was diagnosed on the basis of laparoscopic visualization alone without histological confirmation, the prevalence was 48.1%. Somigliana et al. [4] estimated endometriosis to be 0.2% based on clinical history, clinical examination and imaging, without surgical procedure to confirm this estimation. Due to differences in study populations, methodology and diagnostic criteria, it was not possible to have pooled prevalence of endometriosis. Conclusion: Although existing evidence suggests that the prevalence of endometriosis in indigenous Africans is 0.2% - 48.1%, the study analyzed had limitations. Prospective multi-centered studies with laparoscopic diagnosis and histological confirmation of endometriosis are required to establish the prevalence of endometriosis among the general population in the indigenous Africans. Endometriosis in Africa needs to receive more research attention. This paper is expec

关键词： Endometriosis Indigenous African Prevalence Laparoscopy

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Structural,electronic,and magnetic behaviors of 5d transition metal atom substituted divacancy graphene：A first-principles study

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Chinese Physics b 2017年第5期26卷 304-312页

作者： rafique Muhammad 帅永 He-Ping Tan Hassan Muhammad School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Mehran University of Engineering and Technology S.Z.A.B Campus Khairpur Mir' s Sindh Pakistan

Structural, electronic, and magnetic behaviors of 5d transition metal（TM） atom substituted divacancy（DV） graphene are investigated using first-principles calculations. Different 5d TM atoms（Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt） are embedded in graphene, these impurity atoms replace 2 carbon atoms in the graphene sheet. It is revealed that the charge transfer occurs from 5d TM atoms to the graphene layer. Hf, Ta, and W substituted graphene structures exhibit a finite band gap at high symmetric K-point in their spin up and spin down channels with 0.783 μb, 1.65 μb, and 1.78 μb magnetic moments,respectively. Ir and Pt substituted graphene structures display indirect band gap semiconductor behavior. Interestingly, Os substituted graphene shows direct band gap semiconductor behavior having a band gap of approximately 0.4 e V in their spin up channel with 1.5 μb magnetic moment. Through density of states（DOS） analysis, we can predict that d orbitals of 5d TM atoms could be responsible for introducing ferromagnetism in the graphene layer. We believe that our obtained results provide a new route for potential applications of dilute magnetic semiconductors and half-metals in spintronic devices by employing 5d transition metal atom-doped graphene complexes.

关键词： substituted impurity symmetric dilute complexes monolayer Fermi replace polarized doping

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Zika virus: Is Pakistan next?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第7期11卷 451-452页

作者： braira Wahid Amjad Ali Shazia rafique Muhammad Idrees Genome Centre for Molecular based Diagnostics and Research Cl-25 Block B Al-Sudais Plaza Abdalian Cooperative Society Centre for Applied Molecular biology (CAMb) 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig University of the Punjab Division of Molecular Virology and Diagnostics Center of Excellence in Molecular biology (CEMb) 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig University of the Punjab Vice Chancellor Hazara University Mansehra

Dear editor,Zika virus(ZIKV)crisis,which caught brazil in 2015,heralded the rapid spread throughout Americas and has imparted catastrophic devastation to human population in the form of severe

关键词： Aedes ZIKV Microcephaly Deaths

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Inducing opto-electronic and spintronic trends in bilayer h-bN through TMO3 clusters incorporation: Ab-initio study

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Chinese Physics b 2019年第11期28卷 284-294页

作者： Irfan Ahmed Muhammad rafique Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar Abdul Sattar Larik Mohsin Ali Tunio Yong Shuai Mehran University of Engineering and Technology SZABCampusKhairpur Mirs’Pakistan School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Mehran University of Engineering and Technology JamshoroSindhPakistan

The band structure, magnetism, charge distribution, and optics parameters of TMO3–h-bN hybrid systems are investigated by adopting first-principles study(FPS) calculations. It is observed that the TMO3 clusters add finite magnetic moments to bilayer h-bN(bL/h-bN), thereby making it a magnetic two-dimensional(2D) material. Spin-polarized band structures for various TMO3–bL/h-bN hybrid models are calculated. After the incorporation of TMO3, bL/h-bN is converted into semimetal or conducting material in spin up/down bands, depending on the type of impurity cluster present in bL/h-bN lattice. Optics parameters are also investigated for the TMO3–bL/h-bN complex systems. The incorporation of TMO3 clusters modifies the absorption and extinction coefficient in visible range, while static reflectivity and refraction parameter increase. It can be surmised that the TMO3 substitution in bL/h-bN is a suitable technique to modify its physical parameters thus making it functional for nano/opto-electronic applications, and an experimental approach can be adapted to reinforce the outcomes of this study.

关键词： bilayer h-bN band structure density of states magnetic moments optics

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Embedded System Development for Detection of Railway Track Surface Deformation Using Contour Feature Algorithm

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 2461-2477页

作者： Tarique rafique Memon Tayab Din Memon Imtiaz Hussain Kalwar bhawani Shankar Chowdhry NCRA-HHCMS Lab Mehran University of Engineering&Technology Jamshoro76062Pakistan Department of Electronic Engineering Quaid-e-Awam University of EngineeringScience&Technology Nawabshah67480Pakistan Design and Creative Technology Torrens University Australia196 Flinders StreetMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Department of Electronic Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoro76062Pakistan Department of Electronics and Power Engineering Pakistan Navy Engineering CollegeNUST Karachi75350Pakistan

Derailment of trains is not unusual all around the world,especially in developing countries,due to unidentified track or rolling stock faults that cause massive casualties each *** this purpose,a proper condition monitoring system is essential to avoid accidents and heavy ***,the detection and classification of railway track surface faults in real-time requires massive computational processing and memory resources and is prone to a noisy ***,in this paper,we present the development of a novel embedded system prototype for condition monitoring of railway *** proposed prototype system works in real-time by acquiring railway track surface images and performing two tasks a)detect deformation(i.e.,faults)like squats,shelling,and spalling using the contour feature algorithm and b)the vibration signature on that faulty spot by synchronizing acceleration and image data.A new illumination scheme is also proposed to avoid the sunlight reflection that badly affects the image acquisition *** contour detection algorithm is applied here to detect the uneven shapes and discontinuities in the geometrical structure of the railway track surface,which ultimately detects unhealthy *** works by converting Red,Green,and blue(RGb)images into binary images,which distinguishes the unhealthy regions by making them white color while the healthy regions in black *** have used the multiprocessing technique to overcome the massive processing and memory *** embedded system is developed on Raspberry Pi by interfacing a vision camera,an accelerometer,a proximity sensor,and a Global Positioning System(GPS)sensors(i.e.,multi-sensors).The developed embedded system prototype is tested in real-time onsite by installing it on a Railway Inspection Trolley(RIT),which runs at an average speed of 15 km/*** functional verification of the proposed system is done successfully by detecting and recording the various railway track surface faul

关键词： Railway track surface faults condition monitoring system fault detection contour detection deep learning image processing rail wheel impact

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Optimal quantum well width and the effect of quantum well position on the performance of transistor lasers

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Optoelectronics Letters 2013年第1期9卷 18-20页

作者： Md. Ahsan Habib Subrata Das Saeed Mahmud Ullah Shahida rafique Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering University of Information Technology and Sciences Department of Applied Physics Electronics and Communication Engineering University of Dhaka

Transistor laser (TL) model based on InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs is analyzed and presented. It is realized that quantum well (QW) with width of 10 nm may be formed for low base threshold current density J th . The emission wavelength is found to be 1.05 μm, and the indium (In) composition is 0.25 for optimal QW width. It is identified that J th decreases with the movement of QW towards the base-emitter (b-E) interface. Small signal optical response is calculated, and the effect of QW position is studied. The bandwidth is enhanced due to the movement of the QW towards the emitter base junction.

关键词：量子阱激光器晶体管宽度位置性能阈值电流密度发射波长

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Nanosuspension enhances dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of Terminalia arjuna bark extract in vivo and in vitro

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2020年第4期10卷 164-171页

作者： Fatiqa Zafar Nazish Jahan Khalil-Ur-Rahman Muhammad rafique Asi Waseeq-Ul-Islam Zafar Department of Chemistry University of OkaraOkaraPakistan Department of Chemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Food Toxicology Lab Plant Protection DivisionNuclear Institute for Agriculture and BiologyFaisalabadPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University of Information and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Objective:To enhance the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of Terminalia arjuna bark extract by formulating its ***:Nanoprecipitation approach was used for the formulation of nanosuspension using polysorbate-80 as a *** formulated nanosuspension was assessed for particle size,polydispersity index,zeta potential value and for in vitro dissolution *** bioavailability studies were carried out in Wistar male albino rats by administering a single dose(50 mg/***)of the formulated nanosuspension and coarse *** storage stability of the formulated nanosuspension was determined after three months of storage at room temperature and under the refrigerated *** assay was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of the formulated nanosuspension using two mutant strains(Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Salmonella typhimurium TA98).Results:The mean particle size of the formulated nanosuspension was 90.53 nm with polydispersity index and zeta potential values of 0.175 and-15.7 m V,*** arjuna nanosuspension showed improved dissolution rate and 1.33-fold higher oral bioavailability than its coarse *** formulated nanosuspension also showed better stability under the refrigerated condition and was non-mutagenic against both ***:Our study demonstrates that nanosuspension technology can effectively enhance the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of Terminalia arjuna bark extract.

关键词： Terminalia arjuna Nanosuspension bioavailability Stability Toxicity Polysorbate-80

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