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Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 563-576页

作者： Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Mohammd rafiq Irfan RASHID Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir

In this study, Land Surface Temperature(LST) and its lapse rate over the mountainous Kashmir Himalaya was estimated using MODIS data and correlated with the observed in-situ air temperature(Tair) data. Comparison between the MODIS LST and Tair showed a close agreement with the maximum error of the estimate ±1°C and the correlation coefficient >0.90. Analysis of the LST data from 2002-2012 showed an increasing trend at all the selected locations except at a site located in the southeastern part of Kashmir valley. Using the GTOPO30 DEM, MODIS LST data was used to estimate the actual temperature lapse rate(ATLR) along various transects across Kashmir Himalaya, which showed significant variations in space and time ranging from 0.3°C to 1.2°C per 100 m altitude change. This observation is at variance with the standard temperature lapse rate(STLR) of 0.65°C used universally in most of the hydrological and other land surface models. Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM) was used to determine the efficacy of using the ATLR for simulating the stream flows in one of the glaciated and snow-covered watersheds in Kashmir. The use of ATLR in the SRM model improved the R2 between the observed and predicted streamflows from 0.92 to *** is hoped that the operational use of satellite-derived LST and ATLR shall improve the understanding and quantification of various processes related to climate, hydrology and ecosystem in the mountainous and data-scarce Himalaya where the use of temperature and ATLR are critical parameters for understanding various land surface and climate processes.

关键词： MODIS Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate DEM Snowmelt Runoff Model Himalaya

Weighted ebyev-Ostrowski type inequalities

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2007年第7期28卷 901-906页

作者： Arif rafiq Nazir Ahmad Mir Farooq Ahmad Mathematics Department COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics Bahanddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

In account of the famous Cebysev inequality, a rich theory has appeared in the literature. We establish some new weighted Cebysev type integral inequalities. Our proofs are of independent interest and provide new esti... 详细信息

关键词： Cebysev type inequalities L∞ (a b) spaces absolutely continuous functions weight functions

An ontology model to represent aquaponics 4.0 system’s knowledge

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第4期9卷 514-532页

作者： Rabiya Abbasi Pablo Martinez rafiq Ahmad Aquaponics 4.0 Learning Factory(AllFactory) Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Alberta9211116 St.EdmontonAB T6G 2G8Canada

Aquaponics,one of the vertical farming methods,is a combination of aquaculture and *** enhance the production capabilities of the aquaponics system and maxi-mize crop yield on a commercial level,integration of Industry 4.0 technologies is *** 4.0 is a strategic initiative characterized by the fusion of emerging technologies such as big data and analytics,internet of things,robotics,cloud computing,and artificial *** realization of aquaponics 4.0,however,requires an efficient flow and inte-gration of data due to the presence of complex biological processes.A key challenge in this essence is to deal with the semantic heterogeneity of multiple data *** ontology that is regarded as one of the normative tools solves the semantic interoperation problem by describing,extracting,and sharing the domains’*** the field of agriculture,several ontologies are developed for the soil-based farming methods,but so far,no attempt has been made to represent the knowledge of the aquaponics 4.0 system in the form of an ontology ***,this study proposes a unified ontology model,AquaONT,to rep-resent and store the essential knowledge of an aquaponics 4.0 *** ontology pro-vides a mechanism for sharing and reusing the aquaponics 4.0 system’s knowledge to solve the semantic interoperation *** is built from indoor vertical farming termi-nologies and is validated and implemented by considering experimental test cases related to environmental parameters,design configuration,and product *** proposed ontology model will help vertical farm practitioners with more transparent decision-making regarding crop production,product quality,and facility layout of the aquaponics *** future work,a decision support system will be developed using this ontology model and artificial intelligence techniques for autonomous data-driven decisions.

关键词： Aquaponics 4.0 Industry 4.0 Ontology modeling Knowledge modeling Decision support system

Analysis of rail potential and stray current in MVDC railway electrification system

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第4期29卷 394-407页

作者： Salman Aatif Haitao Hu Fezan rafiq Zhengyou He School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Department of Electrical Engineering(Bannu Campus) University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology KarachiKarachiPakistan

In contrast to the conventional direct current railway electrification system(DC-RES),the medium voltage direct current(MVDC)-RES is considered promising for long-distance high-speed *** the MVDC-RES,traction substations(TSSs)are placed much farther and train loads are much heavier than in the conventional ***,the MVDC-RES brings a drastic change in catenary voltage,TSS spacing,and train loading,which affects rail potential and stray *** this connection,this work performs some significant quantitative analysis of rail potential and stray current in the MVDC-RES *** MVDC simulation model is proposed and different grounding schemes are analyzed for a single-train and two TSSs scenario as well as for a multi-train multi-TSS sce*** to the simulation and analysis,the maximum values of rail potential and stray current at MVDC-RES distances and the maximum safe distance between adjacent TSSs are determined.

关键词： Railway electrification Medium voltage direct current(MVDC)railways Rail potential Stray current Stray corrosion

Roles of Media in Risk Communication During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic：Comparing the Cases of Pakistan and China

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Roles of Media in Risk Communication During the Early Phase ...

作者： Shahid rafiq 中国传媒大学

学位级别：硕士

在这篇研究论文中,我们努力研究媒体在风险传播中的作用,特别是在大流行初期在巴基斯坦和中国的COVID-19框架中。该研究旨在了解巴基斯坦和中国顶级英文报纸对冠状病毒大流行的新闻报道方式。本文根据框架理论分析了巴中印刷媒体中COVID... 详细信息

在这篇研究论文中,我们努力研究媒体在风险传播中的作用,特别是在大流行初期在巴基斯坦和中国的COVID-19框架中。该研究旨在了解巴基斯坦和中国顶级英文报纸对冠状病毒大流行的新闻报道方式。本文根据框架理论分析了巴中印刷媒体中COVID-19的框架和主题。本研究论文强调了COVID-19期间使用的最显着的框架,这也有助于我们理解媒体报道的异同以及媒体在风险沟通中的作用。毫无疑问,媒体框架为各国政府应采取的政策反应、决定和实际步骤提供了有益的指导。在这方面,媒体框架突出问题,提供道德判断,诊断原因,并建议补救措施。此外,它们还可以为地方和国家一级的政策和决策者提供有用的见解。在分析了2020年1月至2021年2月在《中国日报》和《黎明》等报纸上与COVID-19相关的新闻报道后,我们收集了11个主题,这些主题在我们的研究所涉及的COVID-19早期阶段几乎是一致的。然而,在中国和巴基斯坦,这些帧在新闻报道和新闻报道中的发生率和性质是完全不同的。在研究期间,我们发现《中国日报》和《黎明报》在COVID-19初期的新闻报道和媒体报道中,通过使用框架,在风险沟通中起着重要的作用。在这两份报纸上,我们发现这两份报纸都是与COVID-19相关的及时和可信信息的来源,这使得主流媒体成为有效风险沟通过程中的重要利益相关者。我们发现,这两份报纸都通过使用多种不同的框架提供了有用的见解。关于COVID-19的新闻报道和新闻报道的研究是非常重要的,因为它们在卫生紧急情况的建设中起着关键作用。像COVID-19这样的健康危机的框架为主流媒体、公共当局和普通民众传递了许多教训。分析突发卫生事件的新闻报道及其与COVID-19特别相关的框架,对于应对未来的流行病和传染病爆发具有至关重要的意义。

关键词：媒体的作用风险沟通框架 COVID-19大流行流行病框架卫生紧急情况

Computer Geometries for Finding All Real Zeros of Polynomial Equations Simultaneously

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2635-2651页

作者： Naila rafiq Saima Akram Mudassir Shams Nazir Ahmad Mir Department of Mathematics NUMLIslamabad44000Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure&Applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International University I-14Islamabad44000Pakistan

In this research article,we construct a family of derivative free simultaneous numerical schemes to approximate all real zero of non-linear polynomial *** make a comparative analysis of the newly constructed numerical schemes with a well-known existing simultaneous method for determining all the distinct real zeros of polynomial equations using computer algebra system Mat *** bound of convergence of simultaneous schemes is calculated using *** convergence property of the numerical schemes is presented by taking random starting initial approximation and their convergence history are graphically *** real life engineering applications along with some higher degree polynomials are considered as numerical test problems to show performance and efficiency of the derivative free family of numerical methods with comparison of an existing method of same order in *** computational order of convergence,CPU time,graph of computational order of convergence and residual error graphs elaborate efficiency,robustness and authentication of the suggested family of numerical methods in its domain.

关键词： Polynomials simultaneous iterative methods random initial guesses lower bound local computational order CAS-mathematica and mat lab

A Quantitative Security Metric Model for Security Controls:Secure Virtual Machine Migration Protocol as Target of Assessment

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China Communications 2018年第8期15卷 126-140页

作者： Tayyaba Zeb Muhammad Yousaf Humaira Afzal Muhammad rafiq Mufti School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science(SEECS) National University of Sciences and TechnologylslamabadPakistan Riphah Institute of Systems Engineering(RISE) Riphah International UniversityIslamabadPakistan Institute of Computing Department of Computer ScienceBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Department of Computer Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyVehariPakistan

Quantitative security metrics are desirable for measuring the performance of information security controls. Security metrics help to make functional and business decisions for improving the performance and cost of the security controls. However, defining enterprise-level security metrics has already been listed as one of the hard problems in the Info Sec Research Council's hard problems list. Almost all the efforts in defining absolute security metrics for the enterprise security have not been proved fruitful. At the same time, with the maturity of the security industry, there has been a continuous emphasis from the regulatory bodies on establishing measurable security metrics. This paper addresses this need and proposes a relative security metric model that derives three quantitative security metrics named Attack Resiliency Measure(ARM), Performance Improvement Factor(PIF), and Cost/Benefit Measure(CBM) for measuring the performance of the security controls. For the effectiveness evaluation of the proposed security metrics, we took the secure virtual machine(VM) migration protocol as the target of assessment. The virtual-ization technologies are rapidly changing the landscape of the computing world. Devising security metrics for virtualized environment is even more challenging. As secure virtual machine migration is an evolving area and no standard protocol is available specifically for secure VM migration. This paper took the secure virtual machine migration protocol as the target of assessment and applied the proposed relative security metric model for measuring the Attack Resiliency Measure, Performance Improvement Factor, and Cost/Benefit Measure of the secure VM migration protocol.

关键词： attack resiliency measure cost-benefit measure performance improvement factor security assessment formal verification security controls security metrics virtual machine migration protocol

Mobility Management in Small Cell Cluster of Cellular Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 627-645页

作者： Adeel rafiq Muhammad Afaq Khizar Abbas Wang-Cheol Song Department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju63243Korea

The installation of small cells in a 5G network extends the maximum coverage and provides high ***,this approach increases the handover overhead in the Core Network(CN)due to frequent *** variation of user density and movement inside a region of small cells also increases the handover overhead in ***,the present 5G system cannot reduce the handover overhead in CN under such circumstances because it relies on a traditionally rigid and complex hierarchical sequence for a handover ***,Not Only Stack(NO Stack)architecture has been introduced for Radio Access Network(RAN)to reduce the signaling during *** paper proposes a system based on NO Stack architecture and solves the aforementioned problem by adding a dedicated local mobility controller to the edge cloud for each *** dedicated cluster controller manages the user mobility locally inside a cluster and also maintains the forwarding data of a mobile user *** reduce the latency for X2-based handover requests,an edge cloud infrastructure has been also developed to provide high-computing for dedicated controllers at the edge of a cellular *** proposed system is also compared with the traditional 3GPP architecture and other works in the context of overhead and delay caused by X2-based handover requests during user *** results show that the inclusion of a dedicated local controller for small clusters together with the implementation of NO Stack framework reduces the significant amount of overhead of X2-based handover requests at CN.

关键词： Radio access network mobility management edge cloud computing X2-based handover

Variational finite element approach to study the thermal stress in multi-layered human head

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2014年第6期7卷 239-251页

作者： Mir Aijaz M. A. Khanday Aasma rafiq Department of Mathematics University of Kashmir Srinagar 190006 JGK India khanday@graail. com

The human head is one of the most sensitive parts of human body due to the fact that it contains brain. Any abnormality in the functioning of brain may disturb the entire system. One of the disturbing factors of brain is thermal stress. Thus, it is imperative to study the effects of thermal stress on human head at various environmental conditions. For the thermoregulation process, the human head is considered to be a structure of four layers viz.; brain, cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）, skull and scalp. A mathematical model has been formulated to estimate the variation of temperature at these layers. The model is based on radial form of bio-heat equation with the appropriate boundary conditions and has been solved by variational finite element method. The rate of metabolic heat gen- eration and thermal conductivity in this study have been assumed to be heterogeneous. The results were compared with the experimental studies for their coincidence and it has been observed theoretically and experimentally that the human head has greater resistance to compete with the thermal stress up to large extent.

关键词： Thermoregulation human head bio-heat equation variational finite elementmethod thermal stress.