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Chronic allograft rejection:A significant hurdle to transplant success

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Burns & Trauma 2014年第1期2卷 3-10页

作者： malgorzata Kloc rafik m.ghobrial Department of Surgery Houston Methodist HospitalHouston Houston methodist Hospital Research Institute HoustonTXUSA

The state-of-the-art immunosuppression drugs do not ensure indefi nite transplant survival,and most transplants are continuously lost to chronic rejection even years *** form of rejection is responsible for long-term failure of transplanted *** mechanisms involved in development of chronic rejection are not *** of the main features of chronic rejection is progressive luminal narrowing of graft vessels,which results in compromised blood flow,ischemia,cell death,and finally graft *** the existing immunosuppressive regimens are targeting acute rejection,and at present there is no available therapy for prevention of chronic *** rejection involves two major,but interrelated responses:The first is the host immune response against the transplant mediated primarily by alloreactive T and B cells,and the second is injury and repair of the graft(vasculopathy of graft vessels).Here we focus on recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of chronic transplant vasculopathy and function of macrophages,topics pivotal for development of novel antichronic rejection therapies.

关键词： Chronic rejection macrophage neointima consists of smooth muscle cells vasculopathy

molecular and cellular pathways involved in the therapeutic functions of mHC molecules;a novel approach for mitigation of chronic rejection

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Open Journal of Immunology 2011年第2期1卷 15-26页

作者： Thomas S. Skelton malgorzata Kloc rafik m. ghobrial 不详

The mutated major histocompatibility complex (mHC) class I that contains donor-type epitopes displayed on recipient-type molecule was show- n to inhibit acute and chronic rejection and in-duce indefinite survival of heterotopic cardiac allografts when administered in combination with a sub-therapeutic dose of cyclosporine (CsA) in a rat transplantation model. To eluci-date the molecular pathways involved in the immunosuppressive effects of the mutated mHC molecule, we analyzedgene and protein expres-sion profile during early and late phase follow-ing post-transplantation. Cytoskeletal structure analysis and expression status of Rho GTPase proteins, vacuolar transport and cytoskeleton regulatory pathways involved in immune re-sponse in T and dendritic cells demonstrated the novel mechanism for the abrogation of chronic rejection. Our studies confirm a new role of Rho GTPase pathway in the modification of T cell motility and infiltration of the graft. We discuss these results within the framework of the most recent literature on mHC and molecu-lar machinery controlling T cell functions and dendritic cell antigen presentation.

关键词： mHC Transplantation Allograft Chronic Rejection Rat

Rock1 Inhibitor Abrogates Chronic Rejection in Rat Cardiac model System

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2012年第4期2卷 46-51页

作者： Li Zhang malgorzata Kloc Neelam Tejpal Junping You Andrea m. Cordero-Reyes Keith A. Youker rafik m. ghobrial Department of Surgery The Methodist Hospital The methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center Houston TX USA

Background: We have shown previously that the abrogation of acute and chronic rejection of rat cardiac allografts occurs through the down-regulation of RhoA pathway and involves the changes in RhoA kinase (ROCK)-dependent actin cytoskeleton and T cell motility. Here we studied the ability of the Y-27632, a highly selective inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase p160ROCK (ROCK1), to abrogate chronic rejection of the allograft and influence T cell infiltration. methods: Heterotopic cardiac transplants were performed between donor Wistar Furth (WF) and ACI recipient rats. Controls received sub-therapeutic dose of cyclosporine (CsA, 10 mg/kg) for 3 days or 7 days therapeutic dose of cyclosporine. The experimental groups of ACI recipient received one preoperative dose of the Y-27632 inhibitor (2 mg/kg, gavage feed) in conjunction with the sub-therapeutic dose of CsA for 3 days or inhibitor alone for 7 days. The cardiac grafts were harvested at 100 days of post-transplantation for histological and immunohistochemical assessment of chronic rejection, vascular sclerosis, and infiltration by different T cell subtypes. Results: Cardiac allografts from recipients exposed to Y-27632 inhibitor in conjunction with sub-therapeutic dose of CsA showed drastically reduced vascular sclerosis, minimal myocardial total cellular infiltration, and were selectively infiltrated with Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Conclusions: Our novel finding that a single dose of the ROCK1 inhibitor Y-27632 attenuates chronic rejection in rat cardiac model system by promoting development of Treg cells warrants its potential as a novel therapeutic agent specific for the inhibition of chronic rejection.

关键词： Chronic Rejection Transplantation ROCK1 RhoA T Cell

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成人活体肝移植的挑战

继续医学教育 2007年第10期21卷 1-6页

作者： rafik mark ghobrial Ronald W.Busuttil 杨世兵 The Department of Surgery Division of Liver and Pancreas Tran-splantation The Dumont-UCLA Transplant CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA

1引言尸体肝移植的供体缺乏严重限制了肝移植手术的进一步发展。扩展供体来源的各种努力使得成人活体肝移植（ALDLT）在美国1997年得以产生，并且在随后得到了迅速发展和广泛应用。较低的供者发病率和受者移植后初期的成功使人们对该项... 详细信息

1引言尸体肝移植的供体缺乏严重限制了肝移植手术的进一步发展。扩展供体来源的各种努力使得成人活体肝移植（ALDLT）在美国1997年得以产生，并且在随后得到了迅速发展和广泛应用。较低的供者发病率和受者移植后初期的成功使人们对该项技术产生了极大的兴趣。然而，最近出现的一些问题对美国ALDLT的未来发展提出了挑战。

关键词：成人活体肝移植肝移植手术尸体肝移植供体缺乏供体来源移植后发病率美国

Reduce Torque Ripple of Im by Approach method DTC

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2011年第4期2卷 320-329页

作者： Lotfi El m’Barki moez Ayadi rafik Neji 不详

This paper presents a new methodology for direct torque control (DTC) with improvement method control for induction motor (Im) systems. The application of approached method DTC (AmDTC), allows by using two hysteresis controllers to regulate torque and flux with the information of the angular location to address the switching table. The principal advantage of this AmDTC (optimization method of DTC) enables the minimization of the electromagnetic torque ripple and the reduction of the output current total harmonic distortion (THDI). Furthermore, it improved consumption quality of Im and it improved the lifespan of the motor. The switching characteristics of an inverter feeding an Im controlled with the AmDTC system are assessed in steady *** proposed method of AmDTC is illustrated by computer

关键词： AmDTC minimum RmS THD Evolution of Temperature

Existence and Nonexistence of Weak Positive Solution for a Class of p-Laplacian Systems

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Journal of Partial Differential Equations 2014年第2期27卷 158-165页

作者： AKROUT Kamelz GUEFAIFIA rafik LAmIS Laboratory Tebessa University Tebessa Algeria LANOS Laboratory Badji Mokhtar lfniversityAnnaba Algeria.

In this work, we are interested to obtain some result of existence and nonexistence of positive weak solution for the following p-Laplacian system {-Delta(pi)u(i) = lambda(i)f(i)(u(1), ... ,u(m)), in Omega, i = 1,... ,m, u(i) = 0 on partial derivative Omega, for all i = 1,... ,m, where Delta(pi)z - div (vertical bar del z vertical bar(pi-2)del z), p(i) >= 1, lambda(i,1) m are a positive parameter, and Omega is a bounded domain in R-N with smooth boundary partial derivative Omega. The proof of the main results is based to the method of sub-supersolutions.

关键词： p-Laplace方程不存在性正解光滑边界方程组有界域弱解

Noncanonical intercellular communication in immune response

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World Journal of Immunology 2016年第1期6卷 67-74页

作者： malgorzata Kloc Jacek Z Kubiak Xian C Li rafik m.ghobrial Department of Surgery Methodist Hospital Houston methodist Research Institute Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unités mixtes de Recherche 6290 Institute of Genetics and Development of RennesCell Cycle GroupFaculty of Medic-ineUniversity of Rennes Faculty of medicine University of Rennes 1 Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation

The classical view of signaling between cells of immune system includes two major routes of intercellular communication:Through the release of extracellular molecules or a direct interaction between membrane bound receptor and its membrane bound ligand,which initiate a cascade of signaling in target ***,recent studies indicate that besides these canonical modes of signaling there are also noncanonical routs of intercellular communications through membrane stripping/membrane exchange/trogocytosis,extracellular traps,exosomes and ectososmes/*** this review we discuss what are the components of noncanonical pathways of signaling and what role they play in immune cells interactions.

关键词： Trogocytosis membrane stripping Extracellular traps Exosomes Ectososmes microparticles

The Response of Chickpea to Irrigation with Treated Waste Water

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2013年第9期3卷 603-612页

作者： marwan Haddad mustafa Khamis majdi Dakiky Adnan manassra mohannad Qurie rafik Karaman Water and Environmental Studies Institute An Najah National University Nablus 44839 Palestine Faculty of Science & Technology Al-Quds University Jerusalem 20002 Palestine Department of Chemistry Biology and Environmental Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 UAE Department of Science University of Basilicata Potenza 85100 Italy Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Quds University Jerusalem 20002 Palestine

In a three-year study, the response of four cultivars of chickpea, Bulgarit, WIR-32, Jordan and ICC 11293 to irrigation with TW (treated wastewater) and FW (freshwater), using surface and subsurface drip irrigation was investigated. Wastewater generated from Al-Quds university campus included black, grey and storm water was treated by small scale pilot plant. The wastewater pilot plant consists of tailored made secondary biological activated sludge process with daily capacity of 50 m3. The influent and effluent chemical and biological quality parameters were routinely monitored and analyzed. The data reveal that the average values for BOD, COD and EC for the effluent are 50 ppm, 136 ppm and 1.4 mS/cm over 2 years period. The results of chickpea growth parameters and the chemical and biological analysis of the seeds and leaves indicate that the cultivars Bulgarit and ICC 11293 can be irrigated with TW without any loss in yield and quality. Factor analysis reasonably favored Bulgarit Cultivar irrigated with treated effluent over other cultivars. WIR-32 and Jordan cultivars showed significant reduction in their growth parameters when irrigated with TW as compared with FW. Surface and subsurface drip irrigation gave similar results in most cases. Soil analysis in this study showed no significant difference between irrigation with TW and FW.

关键词：灌溉处理鹰嘴豆废水化学需氧量品种表现生物分析地下滴灌质量参数

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Dragon’s blood tree(Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.)of Socotra Island(Yemen)

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Journal of Coastal Life medicine 2013年第2期 123-129页

作者： Abu-Taleb Ahmed Yehia Fahad Ahmed mohsen Alzowahi Tukaram Angadrao Kadam rafik Usman Shaikh Department of microbiology School of Life SciencesS.R.T.M.UniversityNanded-431606(MS)India Department of microbiology Taiz UniversityYemen

Objective:To evaluate the performance of preliminary phytochemical,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f.(Agavaceae)(***)resin,collected from Socotra Island(Yemen).methods:The powdered stem resin is extracted with different solvents by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against three Gram positive bacteria(Bacillus cereus NCIm 2106,Staphylococcus aureus NCIm 2127,and micrococcus luteus NCIm 2169),seven Gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coli NCIm 2924,Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIm 2863,Salmonella typhimurium NCIm 2501,Klebsiella aerogenes NCIm 2281,Proteus morganii NCIm 2860,Escherichia coli dh5α,Escherichia coli CSH)and three fungi(Candida albicans mTCC 227,Aspergillus flavus mTCC 873,Aspergillus niger mTCC 1781).Results:The antimicrobial activity data revealed that,the selected microorganisms possess varied sensitivity response to chloroform extract followed by methanol and benzene extract of *** stem *** samples also possess a potent DPPH,OH and SO radical scavenging *** addition,the preliminary phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids and other organic compounds which could be reason for antimicrobial activities of *** ***:The present study is strengthened for the discovery and development of new antioxidant and antimicrobial drugs from *** resin which encourage us to continue with pure fractions.

关键词： Dracaena cinnabari Socotra Yemen Resin Antimicrobial Antioxidant Phytochemical screening