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A non-fullerene acceptor enables efficient P3HT-based organic solar cells with small voltage loss and thickness insensitivity

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第6期30卷 1277-1281页

作者： Ning Wang Weitao Yang Shuixing Li Minmin Shi Tsz-Ki Lau Xinhui Lu rafi shikler Chang-Zhi Li Hongzheng Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) is a low-cost polymer donor for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the P3HT-based OSCs usually give low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) due to the wide bandgap and the high-lying energy levels of P3HT. To solve this problem, in this work, we design and synthesize a new A-D-A type non-fullerene acceptor, DFPCBR, which owns an electron-donating (D) core constructed by linking a 2,5-difluorobenzene ring with two cyclopentadithiophene moieties, and two electron-accepting (A) end-groups of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole connected with 3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one. Because of the strong electron-donating ability and large conjugation effect of D core, DFPCBR shows appropriate energy levels and a narrow bandgap matching well with those of P3HT. Therefore, with P3HT as the donor and DFPCBR as the acceptor, the OSCs possess broad absorption range from 350 nm to 780 nm and the reduced energy loss (Eloss) of 0.79 eV (compared with ~1.40 eV for the P3HT:PC61BM device), providing a good PCE of 5.34% with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.80 V. Besides, we observe that the photovoltaic performances of these devices are insensitive to the thickness of the active layers:even if the active layer is as thick as 320 nm,~80%of the best PCE is maintained, which is rarely reported for fullerene-free P3HT-based OSCs, suggesting that DFPCBR has the potential application in commercial OSCs in the future.

关键词： Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Non-fullerene acceptors Organic solar cells Energy loss Thickness insensitivity

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In-depth investigation and applications of novel silicon photonics microstructures supporting optical vorticity and waveguiding for ultranarrowband near-infrared perfect absorption

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Photonics Research 2020年第3期8卷 381-394页

作者： ROY AVRAHAMY MOSHE ZOHAR MARK AUSLENDER BENNY MILGROM SHLOMO HAVA rafi shikler School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 84105Israel Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Shamoon College of EngineeringBeer-Sheva 84100Israel School of Electrical Engineering The Jerusalem College of TechnologyJerusalem 91160Israel Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science&Technology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 84105Israel

We propose a novel concept of designing silicon photonics metamaterials for perfect near-infrared light absorption.The study's emphasis is an in-depth investigation of various physical mechanisms behind the^100%ultranarrowband record peak absorptance of the designed structures,comprising an ultrathin silicon absorber.The electromagnetic power transport,described by the Poynting vector,is innovatively explored,which shows combined vortex and crossed-junction two-dimensional waveguide-like flows as outcomes of optical field singularities.These flows,though peculiar for each of the designed structures,turn out to be key factors of the perfect resonant optical absorption.The electromagnetic fields show tight two-dimensional confinement:a sharp vertical confinement of the resonant-cavity type combined with a lateral metasurface supported confinement.The siliconabsorbing layer and its oxide environment are confined between two subwavelength metasurfaces such that the entire design is well compatible with silicon-on-insulator microelectronics.The design concept and its outcomes meet the extensive challenges of ultrathin absorbers for minimum noise and an ultra-narrowband absorptance spectrum,while maintaining an overall very thin structure for planar integration.With these materials and such objectives,the proposed designs seem essential,as standard approaches fail,mainly due to a very low silicon absorption coefficient over the near-infrared range.Tolerance tests for fabrication errors show fair tolerability while maintaining a high absorptance peak,along with a controllable deviation off the central-design wavelength.Various applications are suggested and analyzed,which include but are not limited to:efficient photodetectors for focal plane array and on-chip integrated silicon photonics,high-precision spectroscopic chemical and angular-position sensing,and wavelength-division multiplexing.

关键词： optical waveguide perfect

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Secure Transmission of Compressed Medical Image Sequences on Communication Networks Using Motion Vector Watermarking

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3283-3301页

作者： rafi Ullah Mohd Hilmi bin Hasan Sultan Daud Khan Mussadiq Abdul Rahim Computer and Information Sciences Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar Perak32610Malaysia Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad46000Pakistan Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDammam31261Saudi Arabia

Medical imaging plays a key role within modern hospital management systems for diagnostic purposes.Compression methodologies are extensively employed to mitigate storage demands and enhance transmission speed,all while upholding image quality.Moreover,an increasing number of hospitals are embracing cloud computing for patient data storage,necessitating meticulous scrutiny of server security and privacy protocols.Nevertheless,considering the widespread availability of multimedia tools,the preservation of digital data integrity surpasses the significance of compression alone.In response to this concern,we propose a secure storage and transmission solution for compressed medical image sequences,such as ultrasound images,utilizing a motion vector watermarking scheme.The watermark is generated employing an error-correcting code known as Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem(BCH)and is subsequently embedded into the compressed sequence via block-based motion vectors.In the process of watermark embedding,motion vectors are selected based on their magnitude and phase angle.When embedding watermarks,no specific spatial area,such as a region of interest(ROI),is used in the images.The embedding of watermark bits is dependent on motion vectors.Although reversible watermarking allows the restoration of the original image sequences,we use the irreversible watermarking method.The reason for this is that the use of reversible watermarks may impede the claims of ownership and legal rights.The restoration of original data or images may call into question ownership or other legal claims.The peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)serve as metrics for evaluating the watermarked image quality.Across all images,the PSNR value exceeds 46 dB,and the SSIM value exceeds 0.92.Experimental results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed technique in preserving data integrity.

关键词： Block matching algorithm(BMA) compression full-search algorithm motion vectors ultrasound image sequence watermarking

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A 10-year review and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash city, south of Iran: A retrospective cross-sectional study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第1期13卷 20-25页

作者： Mohammad-rafi Bazrafshan Esmaeil Kavi Negar Shahkarami Mohammad Nowrouzi Fereidoun Jahangir Hajar Haghshenas Department of Nursing School of NursingLarestan University of Medical SciencesLarestanIran Clinical Education Research Center Department of Medical EducationSchool of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran School of Allied Medical Sciences Fasa University of Medical SciencesFasaIran Division of Health Center Gerash University of Medical SciencesGerashIran Kerman University of Medical Sciences KermanIran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences ShirazIran Department of Nursing School of NursingGerash University of Medical SciencesGerashIran

Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of victims was(30.9±17.5)years.80.54%Of victims were male,39.70%were self-employed,and 64.60%were adults(≥18 years).Most cases of bites occurred in 2019(91 cases),2020(74 cases)and 2021(87 cases),and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs(62.70%).Most of the wounds were superficial(78%),most of the biting animals were domestic animals(91.74%),and most of the victims had Iranian nationality(97.62%).Conclusions:Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City,health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public,especially at-risk groups such as adult males.Additionally,since most cases of bites are due to dogs,it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs,especially those with owners.

关键词： Animal bite Gerash Time trend Disease Epidemiology Rabies

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全髋关节置换前人工智能(AI)规划的作用与意义

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中国组织工程研究 2024年第9期28卷 1372-1377页

作者：闵美鹏吴进 URBA rafi 张文杰高嘉王云华何斌范磊南京医科大学第二附属医院骨科江苏省南京市210011

背景:传统X射线胶片术前规划常常不准确,会导致一些术中和术后并发症,增加了手术时间和术中出血量,一定程度影响了全髋关节置换的手术效果。目的:研究人工智能(AI)术前规划在全髋关节置换术中的准确性和应用效果。方法:选取患侧初次行... 详细信息

背景:传统X射线胶片术前规划常常不准确,会导致一些术中和术后并发症,增加了手术时间和术中出血量,一定程度影响了全髋关节置换的手术效果。目的:研究人工智能(AI)术前规划在全髋关节置换术中的准确性和应用效果。方法:选取患侧初次行全髋关节置换的患者60例,其中30例应用人工智能(AI)三维术前规划为试验组、30例应用传统X射线胶片二维术前规划为对照组,两组患者的性别、年龄、病情等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组患者术中实际安放假体与术前规划假体匹配情况、术中手术时间、术中出血量、术后即刻双侧股骨偏心距差值、双侧联合偏心距差值及双下肢长度差值和术后3个月Harris评分,分析两种术前规划的准确性和应用效果。结果与结论:①两组患者均获得术后4-6个月的随访,其中对照组有1例患者于术后5 d发生假体后脱位,行手法复位后恢复,无再次脱出,其余患者均未出现术后并发症及术后死亡;②髋臼侧、股骨侧假体完全匹配率:试验组明显优于对照组(P0.05);⑤试验组患者术后3个月Harris评分明显高于对照组患者(P<0.05);⑥结果说明,人工智能(AI)术前规划相较于传统胶片规划,更能准确预测假体型号、缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量、减少术后双下肢不等长发生、加快术后康复。

关键词：人工智能(AI) 全髋关节置换术术前规划模板测量假体

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Ochronotic arthropathy of bilateral hip joints:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第1期11卷 210-217页

作者： Nicolas Yap San Min Urba rafi Juan Wang Bin He Lei Fan Department of Orthopedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasonography The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Ochronosis,also known as alkaptonuria,is a rare autosomal recessive selfmetabolic disease arising from deficiency of homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase enzyme.It affects several organs and muscoskeletal structures.We herein report a case of a patient who presented with severe hip arthropathy complicated with late stage ochronosis.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old male patient was admitted in our department in 2019 with complaints of chronic low backache and left hip pain.After the required investigations were done,lumbar disc herniation and severe hip arthritis were the initial diagnosis.A total left hip arthroplasty was performed.Ochronotic osteoarthritis was only obtained post-surgery as confirmatory diagnosis.He was again admitted mid 2022 with the same complaints on the right hip.Subsequently,he underwent a total right hip arthroplasty.Post-operative recovery and follow-ups were deemed very satisfactory.CONCLUSION Ochronosis is an unusual diagnosis for a patient who presents with typical hip arthritis.Thus,unless meticulous history taking and advanced laboratory tests,the diagnosis can easily be missed by surgeons.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Metabolic disease Ochronotic osteoarthropathy Hip arthritis Bilateral hip arthroplasty Case report

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彰显个性的设计

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现代装饰 2024年第2期 84-93页

作者： Atsushi Shindo The Long Confidence rafi Ajl Lorenz Noelle Sarah Hossli Curve Lab Fredrik Paulse Vaarnii FEDERICO PERI BROKIS GERVASONI Tooy Marset Jaume Ramirez Dennismaass 舒禹(编译) 不详

这是一个很有趣的设计,一个垂直的圆柱体位立于几何形状的中心。除了现有摆置功能之外,设计师总设想物体还能有什么其他用途。至于容器中间的这个圆柱体的作用?设计师不知道答案,但又不想删除它。

关键词：彰显个性几何形状圆柱体设计师有趣

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Hemopneumothorax detection through the process of artificial evolution-a feasibility study

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Military Medical Research 2022年第1期9卷 12-20页

作者： Adir Sommer Noy MarkGavriel D.Kohlberg rafi Gerasi Linn Wagnert Avraham Ruth Fan-Marko Arik Eisenkraft Dean Nachman The Medical Corps Israel Defense Forces(IDF)Tel Hashomer5262000 Ramat GanIsrael Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA The Institute for Research in Military Medicine the Faculty of Medicinethe Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the IDF Medical Corps9112102 JerusalemIsrael The Hebrew University School of Medicine 9112102 JerusalemIsrael Department of Medicine Hadassah Medical Center9112102 JerusalemIsrael.

Background:Tension pneumothorax is one of the leading causes of preventable death on the battlefield.Current prehospital diagnosis relies on a subjective clinical impression complemented by a manual thoracic and respiratory examination.These techniques are not fully applicable in field conditions and on the battlefield,where situational and environmental factors may impair clinical capabilities.We aimed to assemble a device able to sample,analyze,and classify the unique acoustic signatures of pneumothorax and hemothorax.Methods:Acoustic data was obtained with simultaneous use of two sensitive digital stethoscopes from the chest wall of an ex-vivo porcine model.Twelve second samples of acoustic data were obtained from the in-house assembled digital stethoscope system during mechanical ventilation.The thoracic cavity was injected with increasing volumes of 200,400,600,800,and 1000 ml of air or saline to simulate pneumothorax and hemothorax,respectively.The data was analyzed using a multi-objective genetic algorithm that was used to develop an optimal mathematical detector through the process of artificial evolution,a cutting-edge approach in the artificial intelligence discipline.Results:The in-house assembled dual digital stethoscope system and developed genetic algorithm achieved an accuracy,sensitivity and specificity ranging from 64%to 100%,63%to 100%,and 63%to 100%,respectively,in classifying acoustic signal as associated with pneumothorax or hemothorax at fluid injection levels of 400 ml or more,and regardless of background noise.Conclusions:We present a novel,objective device for rapid diagnosis of potentially lethal thoracic injuries.With further optimization,such a device could provide real-time detection and monitoring of pneumothorax and hemothorax in battlefield conditions.

关键词： Pneumothorax Hemothorax Trauma Battlefield Artificial evolution Machine learning

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Evolving paradigm of thrombolysis in pulmonary embolism:Comprehensive review of clinical manifestations,indications,recent advances and guideline

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第8期11卷 1702-1711页

作者： Rohan Kumar Ochani rafi Aibani Hafsa Nazir Jatoi Masroor Anwar Syed Anjum Khan Iqbal Ratnani Salim Surani Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health ScienceKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Internal Medicine Khyber Teaching HospitalPeshawar 00000Pakistan Department of Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Anesthesiology&Critical Care Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Medicine Aga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya

Thrombolytic therapy has been the mainstay for patients with pulmonary embolism(PE).Despite being linked to a higher risk of significant bleeding,clinical trials demonstrate that thrombolytic therapy should be used in patients with moderate to high-risk PE,in addition to hemodynamic instability symptoms.This prevents the progression of right heart failure and impending hemodynamic collapse.Diagnosing PE can be challenging due to the variety of presentations;therefore,guidelines and scoring systems have been established to guide physicians to correctly identify and manage the condition.Traditionally,systemic thrombolysis has been utilized to lyse the emboli in PE.However,newer techniques for thrombolysis have been developed,such as endovascular ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for massive and intermediatehigh submassive risk groups.Additional newer techniques explored are the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,direct aspiration,or fragmentation with aspiration.Because of the constantly changing therapeutic options and the scarcity of randomized controlled trials,choosing the best course of treatment for a given patient may be difficult.To help,the Pulmonary Embolism Reaction Team is a multidisciplinary,rapid response team that has been developed and is used at many institutions.Hence to bridge the knowledge gap,our review highlights various indications of thrombolysis in addition to the recent advances and management guidelines.

关键词： Pulmonary embolism Thrombolytics Systemic Catheter-directed Pulmonary embolism reaction team Guidelines

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Robust Counting in Overcrowded Scenes Using Batch-Free Normalized Deep ConvNet

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 2741-2754页

作者： Sana Zahir rafi Ullah Khan Mohib Ullah Muhammad Ishaq Naqqash Dilshad Amin Ullah Mi Young Lee Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology(ICS/IT) The University of AgriculturePeshawar25130Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Collaborative Robotics and Intelligent Systems(CoRIS)Institute Oregon State UniversityORUSA Department of Software Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary actions.The crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test data.In this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd scene.The proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training samples.The decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive field.Five benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.

关键词： Artificial intelligence deep learning crowd counting scene understanding

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