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Delocalization of dark and bright excitons in flat-band materials and the optical properties of V_(2)O_(5)

npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 882-890页

作者： Vitaly Gorelov lucia Reining martin Feneberg Rüdiger Goldhahn AndréSchleife Walter R.l.lambrecht Matteo Gatti lSI CNRSCEA/DRF/IRAMISÉcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120PalaiseauFrance European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility https://www.etsf.eu/ Institute of Physics Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Materials Research laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Department of Physics Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106-7079USA Synchrotron SOlEIl L’Orme des MerisiersSaint-Aubin BP 48F-91192Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

The simplest picture of excitons in materials with atomic-like localization of electrons is that of Frenkel excitons,where electrons and holes stay close together,which is associated with a large binding ***,using the example of the layered oxide V_(2)O_(5),we show how localized charge-transfer excitations combine to form excitons that also have a huge binding energy but,at the same time,a large electron-hole distance,and we explain this seemingly contradictory *** anisotropy of the exciton delocalization is determined by the local anisotropy of the structure,whereas the exciton extends orthogonally to the chains formed by the crystal ***,we show that the bright exciton goes together with a dark exciton of even larger binding energy and more pronounced *** findings are obtained by combining first principles many-body perturbation theory calculations,ellipsometry experiments,and tight binding modelling,leading to very good agreement and a consistent *** explanation is general and can be extended to other materials.

关键词： structure anisotropy finding

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Progress in TIllING as a tool for functional genomics and improvement of crops

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： liang Chen liugen Hao martin A. J. Parry Andrew l. Phillips Yin-Gang Hu State Key laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in crops are required to feed the growing world population. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement and is free of the regulatory restrictions imposed on genetically modified organisms. Targeting Induced local lesions in Genomes（TIllING）, which combines traditional chemical mutagenesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point mutations in desired genes, offers a powerful way to create novel mutant alleles for both functional genomics and improvement of crops. TIllING is generally applicable to genomes whether small or large, diploid or evenallohexaploid, and shows great potential to address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the function of genes and to modulate key traits for plant breeding. TIllING has been successfully applied in many crop species and recent progress in TIllING is summarized below, especially on the developments in mutation detection technology, application of TIllING in gene functional studies and crop breeding. The potential of TIllING/EcoTIllING for functional genetics and crop improvement is also discussed. Furthermore, a small‐scale forward strategy including backcross and selfing was conducted to release the potential mutant phenotypes masked in M2（or M3） plants.

关键词： Crop breeding functional genomics mutation detection TIllING

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Innovative Analysis Ready Data(ARD)product and process requirements,software system design,algorithms and implementation at the midstream as necessary-but-notsuffcient precondition of the downstream in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0-Part 1:Problem background in Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)

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Big Earth Data 2023年第3期7卷 455-693页

作者： Andrea Baraldi luca D.Sapia Dirk Tiede martin Sudmanns Hannah l.Augustin Stefan lang Spatial Services GmbH SalzburgAustria CGI Italy FrascatiItaly Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria

Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Analysis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gold standard as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy *** be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal”(enabling)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typically affected by the so-called data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabled EO big raster-based numerical data and vector-based categorical(symbolic,semi-symbolic or subsymbolic)information cube management systems,eligible for semantic content-based image retrieval and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the development of an ever-increasing ensemble of“vertical”(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)value–adding information products and services,suitable for a potentially huge worldwide market of institutional and private end-users of space *** the sake of readability,this paper consists of two *** the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critically revised for harmonization across the multidisciplinary domain of cognitive *** short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two complementary notions of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal/inherently ill-posed ***,buzzword“artificial intelligence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial Narrow Intelligence as part-without-inheritance-of ***,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabulary of multid

关键词： Artificial Narrow Intelligence big data cognitive science computer vision Earth observation essential climate variables Global Earth Observation System of(component)Systems inductive/deductive/hybrid inference Scene Classification Map Space Economy 4.0 radiometric corrections of optical imagery from atmospheric,topographic,adjacency and bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects semantic content-based image retrieval 2D spatial topology-preserving/retinotopic image mapping world ontology(synonym for conceptual/mental/perceptual model of the world)

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Expressive line drawings of human faces from range images

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Science in China(Series F) 2009年第2期52卷 295-307页

作者： HUANG YueZhu martin Ralph R. ROSIN Paul l. MENG XiangXu YANG Chenglei Department of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University Jinan 250101 China School of Computer Science Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom

We propose a novel technique to extract features from a range image and use them to produce a 3D pen-and-ink style portrait similar to a traditional artistic drawing. Unlike most previous template-based, component-based or example-based face sketching methods, which work from a frontal photograph as input, our system uses a range image as input. Our method runs in real-time for models of moderate complexity, allowing the pose and drawing style to be modified interactively. Portrait drawing in our system makes use of occluding contours and suggestive contours as the most important shape cues. However, current 3D feature line detection methods require a smooth mesh and cannot be reliably applied directly to noisy range images. We thus present an improved silhouette line detection algorithm. Feature edges related to the significant parts of a face are extracted from the range image, connected, and smoothed, allowing us to construct chains of line paths which can then be rendered as desired. We also incorporate various portrait-drawing principles to provide several simple yet effective non- photorealistic portrait renderers such as a pen-and-ink shader, a hatch shader and a sketch shader. These are able to generate various life-like impressions in different styles from a user-chosen viewpoint. To obtain satisfactory results, we refine rendered output by smoothing changes in line thickness and opacity. We are careful to provide appropriate visual cues to enhance the viewer＇s comprehension of the human face. Our experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our approach, and further suggest that our approach can be extended to other 3D geometric objects.

关键词： portrait drawing non-photorealistic rendering line drawing suggestive contour occluding contour feature line stylization

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe lance labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano martin l.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA lawrence livermore National laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA los Alamos National laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Valence Band Splitting in Wurtzite InP Nanowires Observed by Photoluminescence and Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy

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Nano Research 2011年第2期4卷 159-163页

作者： Gerben l. Tuin Magnus T. Borgstrom Johanna Tragardh martin Ek l. Reine Wallenberg lars Samuelson Mats-Erik Pistol Solid State Physics/Nanometer Structure Consortium Box 118 Lund University S-221 00 Lund Sweden Polymer ＆ Materials Chemistry/nCHREM Lund University S-22100 Lurid Sweden

We have investigated individual bulk-like wires of wurtzite InP using photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Using two different methods we find that the top of the valence band is split, as expected theoretically. This splitting of the valence band is peculiar to wurtzite InP and does not occur in zinc blende InP. We find the energy difference between the two bands to be 40 meV.

关键词： wurtzite InP photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy valence band structure

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Anticipatory active monitoring for safety-and security-critical software

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第12期55卷 2723-2737页

作者： martin lEUCKER Institute of Software Technology and Programming languages University of Lbeck

Since formal verification and testing of systems is normally faced with challenges such as state explosion and uncertain execution environments,it is extremely difficult to exhaustively verify and test software during the development ***,monitoring has become an indispensable means for finding latent software faults at *** current monitoring approaches only generate passive monitors,which cannot foresee possible faults and consequently cannot prevent their *** this paper,we propose an active monitoring approach based on runtime *** approach aims to predict possible incoming violations using a monitor that executes anticipatory semantics of temporal logic,and then generates the necessary steering actions according to a partial system model,which steers the system away from paths causing these *** this case,the monitor and monitored system make up a discrete feedback control *** further investigate the control theory behind active monitoring so that non-blocking controllability can be *** results of applying active monitoring to two cases,a railway crossing control system and security-enhanced linux(SElinux),show that the method can effectively ensure both safety and security properties at runtime.

关键词： active monitoring runtime verification anticipation software safety software security

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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis severity is defined by a failure in compensatory antioxidant capacity in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第16期24卷 1748-1765页

作者： Michelle l Boland Stephanie Oldham Brandon B Boland Sarah Will Jean-martin lapointe Silvia Guionaud Christopher J Rhodes James l Trevaskis Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases MedImmune LLC Pathology MedImmune Ltd. Pathology Drug Safety and MetabolismIMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca

AIM To comprehensively evaluate mitochondrial(dys) function in preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS We utilized two readily available mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD) with or without progressive fibrosis: lep^(ob)/lep^(ob)(ob/ob) and FATZO mice on high trans-fat, high fructose and high cholesterol(AMlN) diet. Presence of NASH was assessed using immunohistochemical and pathological techniques, and gene expression profiling. Morphological features of mitochondria were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and function was assessed by measuring oxidative capacity in primary hepatocytes, and respiratory control and proton leak in isolated mitochondria. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing activity and/or expression levels of Nrf1, Sod1, Sod2, catalase and 8-OHdG. RESUlTS When challenged with AMlN diet for 12 wk, ob/ob and FATZO mice developed steatohepatitis in the presence of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. NASH development was associated with hepatic mitochondrial abnormalities, similar to those previously observed in humans, including mitochondrial accumulation and increased proton leak. AMlN diet also resulted in increased numbers of fragmented mitochondria in both strains of mice. Despite similar mitochondrial phenotypes, we found that ob/ob mice developed more advanced hepatic fibrosis. Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was increased in ob/ob AMlN mice, whereas FATZO mice displayed increased catalase activity, irrespective of diet. Furthermore, 8-OHd G, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, was significantly increased in ob/ob AMlN mice compared to FATZO AMlN mice. Therefore, antioxidant capacity reflected as the ratio of catalase:SOD activity was similar between FATZO and C57 Bl6 J control mice, but significantly perturbed in ob/ob mice. CONClUSION Oxidative stress, and/or the capacity to compensate for increased oxidative stress, in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction, is

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Steatosis Fibrosis Mitochondrial function Oxidative stress

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lowest-lying spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryon magnetic moments in chiral perturbation theory

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1307-1311页

作者：耿立升 J.martin-Camalich l.Alvarez-Ruso M.J.Vicente-Vacas Departamento de Física Teórica and IFIC Universidad de Valencia-CSIC Centro de Física Computacional Departamento de FísicaUniversidade de Coimbra

We review some recent progress in our understanding of the lowest-lying spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryon magnetic moments （MMs） in terms of Chiral Perturbation Theory （ChPT）.In particular,we show that at next-to-leading-order ChPT can describe the MMs of the octet baryons quite *** also make predictions for the decuplet MMs at the same chiral *** them,the MMs of the Δ＋＋ and Δ ＋ are found to agree well with data within the experimental uncertainties.

关键词： magnetic moments octet baryons decuplet baryons chiral perturbation theory

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leaf-inhabiting endophytic fungi of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica l.) co-occur in leaf litter but are rare on decaying wood of the same host

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 43-54页

作者： martin Unterseher Derek Peršoh martin Schnittler Institute of Botany and landscape Ecology Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University GreifswaldGrimmer Str.8817487 GreifswaldGermany Department Mykologie University BayreuthUniversitätsstr.3095440 BayreuthGermany

Many microfungi are able to live in living plant *** contrast to plant pathogens and parasites the socalled endophytic fungi do not cause obvious disease symptoms in their ***,they constitute an ubiquitous active component in direct and multitrophic *** present study was conducted to assess the level of overlap of cultivable microfungi in living and decaying tissues of European Beech(Fagus sylvatica l.)from a forest stand in North-Eastern *** focus lay on the hypothesized fall-spring relationship of leaf-inhabiting forest endophytes,which means that endophytes from autumn leaves persist as saprobes in litter or dead wood,sporulate and re-invade living leaves in *** cultures were isolated from living leaves,leaf litter and dead wood still attached to the tree by dilution-to-extinction cultivation in the years 2007–*** of species identity,species richness and species composition were based on microscopic identification and of sequencing the fungal DNA‘barcode’ITS(internal transcribed spacer).Species richness of litter-inhabiting microfungi equaled that of wood-inhabiting fungi and exceeded that of leaf *** most distinctive species assemblage was observed on wood,fungal species composition in living leaves and leaf litter were also significantly different from each *** the other hand a considerable compositional and phylogenetic overlap between leaf and litter fungi was revealed with phylogenetics,cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional *** taxa accounting most to the similarity between living and decaying leaves belonged to Capnodiales,Xylariales,Diaporthales and ***,data from cultivated leaf-inhabiting beech endophytes were compared with a fungal 454 sequence data set from beech *** analysis allowed the partition of species lists into active fungal endophytes,fungal“epiphytes”and dormant fungal propagules.

关键词： Substrate turnover Community composition Fungal diversity Fungal life cycle Dilution-to-extinction cultivation

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