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Effect of Thermal Processing, Press Throughput and Roller-Die Gap on Physicochemical Properties of Broiler Feed Pellets

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2016年第2期6卷 98-107页

作者： Keysuke Muramatsu Isabel Cristina Mores Vaccari Cibele Silva Minafra rafael femando sens FabianoDahlke Alex Maiorka DSM Nutritional Products Av. Eng. Billings 1729 Sao Paulo 05321-010 Brazil Instituto Federal Goiano Rio Verde Goias 75901-970 Brazil BRF-Rodovia BR 277 3001 Mossungue Curitiba 82305-100 Brazil Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346 Florianopolis 88034-000 Brazil Universidade Federal do Parana Rua dos Funcionarios 1540 Curitiba 80035-050 Brazil

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal processing, press throughput and roller-die gap on pellet physical quality, protein solubility and starch gelatinization in a corn-soybean based broiler diet. The different processing factors were combined in a 2 × 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with eight randomized block consisting of eight production series： two thermal processing treatments （conditioning-pelleting or conditioning-expanding-pelleting）, five press throughput levels （18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 ton/h） and three roller-die gap （0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mm）, which resulted in 30 different processed feeds. For determination of pellet durability index （PDI）, amount of intact pellets, degree of starch gelatinization and protein solubility, one composed feed sample was collected per treatment in each of eight production series, totaling eight replicates per treatment. Data concerning the amount of intact pellet and protein solubility in KOH were transformed using a variation of Box-Cox transformation in order to fit a normal distribution （P 〉 0.05）. Pellet physical quality was enhanced by conditioning-expanding treatment （P 〈 0.01）, narrower roller-die-gap （P 〈 0.01） and reduced press throughput （P 〈 0.01）. Protein solubility in KOH was impaired （P 〈 0.01） in the expander treatment and larger roller-die distance （0.75 mm and 1.00 mm）（P 〈 0.01）. Finally, greater starch gelatinization degree was achieved in expanded treatment （P 〈 0.01） and in 1.00 mm roller-die gap （P 〈 0.05）. The factors evaluated in this study resulted in interactions and significant effects on physicochemical properties of broiler feed pellets.

关键词： Conditioning expanding press throughput roller-die gap pellet.

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Study of the Action Mode of Wickerhamomyces anomalus against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2016年第5期6卷 341-349页

作者： Luis femando Zepeda-Giraud Dario rafael Olicon-Hemandez Cinthya Martinez-Lopez Guadalupe Guerra-Sanchez Laboratorio de Bioqulmica y Biotecnologla de Hongos Bioquimica Microbiana Departamento de Microbiologia Escuela Nacionalde Ciencias Biologicas Instituto Politecnico National Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas Ciudad de Mexico CDMX CP 11340 Mexico

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of anthracnose disease in fruits and vegetables, representing a global problem. The use of biocontrol agents has proved effective against fungal diseases in a wide variety of products. In this work, the antifungal activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus against C. gloeosporioides isolated from contaminated avocados was evaluated. The antagonism and volatile compound inhibition were measured on Petri dishes. In the mixed cultures, the mycelia damage was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Chitinase and glucanase production by the antagonism was quantified by the reducing sugars method, and biofilm formation was evaluated with 1% crystal violet. The yeast W. anomalus could reduce the growth of C. gloeosporioides up to 65% by direct antagonism and 10% by volatile compounds. The antagonist did not allow the conidia germination and mycelia growth in any of the tested formulations. SEM showed mycelial damage caused by W. anomalus. The antagonist showed adhesion to the mycelium by a polysaccharide biofilm. The presence of mycelium stimulated the hydrolytic enzyme production with the maximal activity of 21.4 U/mg for chitinases at 24 h and 10 U/mg for glucanases at 60 h. These results showed that W. anomalus used together different mechanisms to express its antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides. This study might be the first report for this phytopathogen isolated from avocado fruits, which could represent an opportunity to establish biocontrol of diseases for this agricultural product.

关键词： Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Wickerhamomyces anomalus biocontrol avocado

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