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The Role of Chilean Mountain Areas in Time of Drought and Energy Crisis:New Pressures and Challenges for Vulnerable Ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 451-462页

作者： rafael SáNCHEZ Carla MARCHANT Axel BORSDORF Institute for Geography Pontifical University Catholic of ChileAvenida Vicu a Mackenna 4860MaculSantiago de Chile Institute for Geography University of InnsbruckInnrain 526020 InnsbruckAustria Institute for Mountain Research:Man and Environment Austrian Academy of SciencesTechnikerstr.21a6020 InnsbruckAustria

In the summer of 2010/2011 Chile suffered the third most severe energy and water supply crisis in only one decade. This may be surprising as the Andes which accompany the country along 4,200 km are a water tower and could provide more electricity and water than needed. On top of that, it has to be mentioned that Chile also counts with sunny and windy climates and with excellent geothermal energy resources and thus has a huge potential as far as renewable energies are concerned. After analyzing the existing natural conditions, the infrastructure and the present challenges of climate change, it has to be asked in which way Chile can make use of this potential in the near future, considering the legal and political situation and the technological opportunities. It seems that the resources are still hidden in the Andes, and only the key is missing to realize the country＇s natural potential. This research has been based on the analysis of existing literature, media, quantitative data from government institutions and other antecedents obtained by the authors in field work done in the South of Chile in 2OLO. The added value of this compilation lies in the comprehensive perspective, linking the knowledge of climatologists, hydrologists, mountain researchers and energy experts in order to support a sustainable energy and water supply for the future in Chile. From this present research, it can be concluded that Chile necessarilyhas to adopt new energy-related strategies, particularly those aimed at diminishing the strong dependence on traditional sources of energy and establishing new techniques and technologies for generating electrieity and utilizing the vast potential that the country is ready to offer, such as that provided by the Andes along 4,200 kilometers.

关键词： Mountain region Andes Energy supply Chile

Numerical simulation of non-darcian flow through a porous medium

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Particuology 2009年第3期7卷 193-198页

作者： Duoxing Yang Yipeng Yang V.A.F. costa Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Crustul Dynamics Chinese Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China Ministry of Environmentul Protection of the People's Republic of China. Beijing 100035 China Departamento de Engenharia Mecenica. Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universiterio de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal

This work reports on fluid flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium, accounting for the boundary and inertial effects in the momentum equation. The flow is simulated by Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended darcy formulation （DFB）, using MAC （Marker And Cell） and Chorin pressure iteration method. The method is validated by comparison with analytic results. The effect of Reynolds number, darcy number, porosity and viscosity ratio on velocity is investigated. As a result, it is found that darcy number has a decisive influence on pressure as well as velocity, and the effect of viscosity ratio on velocity is very strong given the darcy number. Additional key findings include unreasonable choice of effective viscosity can involve loss of important physical information.

关键词： MAC Pressure darcy law Porous media Permeability Viscosity ratio

Tailored surface textures to increase friction-A review

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Friction 2022年第9期10卷 1285-1304页

作者： Henara L.costa Jörg SCHILLE Andreas ROSENKRANZ School of Engineering Surface Engineering GroupUniversidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande 96203900Brazil University of Applied Sciences Mittweida Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida 09648Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and MaterialsUniversity of ChileSantiago 8370459Chile

Surface textures with micro-scale feature dimensions still hold great potential to enhance the frictional performance of tribological *** from the ability of surface texturing to reduce friction,surface textures can also be used to intentionally increase friction in various applications that rely on friction for their adequate ***,this review aims at presenting the state-of-the-art regarding textured surfaces for high-friction *** a brief general introduction,the recent trends and future paths in laser surface texturing are ***,the potential of surface textures to increase friction in different applications including adhesion,movement transmission and control,biomimetic applications,and road-tire contacts is critically *** emphasis in this section is laid on the involved mechanisms responsible for friction ***,current short-comings and future research directions are pointed out thus emphasizing the great potential of(laser-based)surface texturing methods for innovations in modern surface engineering.

关键词： surface texturing tribology laser processing friction increase

Mean and Interannual Variability of Maize and Soybean in Brazil under Global Warming Conditions

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American Journal of Climate Change 2013年第4期2卷 237-253页

作者： Flávio Justino Evandro Chaves Oliveira rafael de Avila Rodrigues Paulo Henrique Lopes Goncalves Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte Souza Frode Stordal José Marengo Thieres G.da Silva rafael Coll Delgado Douglas da Silva Lindemann Luiz Claudio costa Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola Universidade Federal de ViçosaVicosaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Instituto Sócio-Ambiental e dos Recursos HídricosBelémBrazil Department of Geosciences University of OsloOsloNorway Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Cachoeira PaulistaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Unidade Academica de Serra TalhadaSerra TalhadaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Florestas/Departamento de Ciencias AmbientaisSeropédicaBrazil

Brazil is responsible for 27% of the world production of soybeans and 7% of maize. Mato Grosso and Para states in Brazil are among the largest producer. The viability to the cultivation of maize (Zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max), for future climate scenarios (2070-2100, GHG) is evaluated based on crop modeling (DSSAT) forced by observational data and regional climate simulations (HadRM3). The results demonstrated that a substantial reduction in the yield in particular for maize may be expected for the end of the 21st century. Distinct results are found for soybeans. By applying the A2 climate changes scenario, soybean yield rises by up top 60% assuming optimum soil treatment and no water stress. However, by analyzing the inter-annual variability of crop yields for both maize and soybean, could be demonstrated larger year-to-year fluctuations under greenhouse warming conditions as compared to current conditions, leading to very low productivity by the end of the 21st century. Therefore, these Brazilian states do not appear to be economically suitable for a future cultivation of maize and soybeans. Improved adaptation measures and soil management may however partially alleviate the negative climate change effect.

关键词： Climate Changes Soybeans Maize

In vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第3期4卷 201-204页

作者： Jackson rafael Oliveira Peixoto Giselle Cristina Silva Renata Albuquerque costa Joseires Lira de Sousa Fontenelle Gustavo Hitzschky Fernandes Vieira Antonio Adauto Fonteles Filho Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes Vieira Sea Sciences Institute Federal University of CearaBrazil Fisheries Engineering Department Federal University of CearaBrazil Federal University of Ceara Brazil Biology Department State University of Acarau ValleyBrazil

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic moringa leaf extracts (Moringa oleifera) on the growth of gram-positive and negative ***:Paper disks were soaked with 100,200,300 and 400μL of extract at 20 g/180mL and 10 g/190 *** extracts were tested against Escherichia coli(ATCC25922),Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923),Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Enterococcus faecalis(ATCC29212),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC27853), Salmonella enteritidis(IH) and Aeromonas *** susceptibility tests were performed using the modified disk diffusion ***:The strains ***,*** and *** (IH) were resistant to all *** general,disks with 400μL extract were the most efficient against ***,***,*** and ***:The study indicates a promising potential for aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts as alternative treatment of infections caused by the tested strains.

关键词： Moringa oleifera Activity antibacterial Gram positive and negative bacteria

Correlation between therapy and lipid profile of leprosy patients:is there a higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases after treatment?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 721-727页

作者： Rosalba V.G.Silva rafael Sde Araujo Tinara L.S.Aarao Paulo Diovanne da Silva costa Jorge R.Sousa Juarez A.S.Quaresma Bettina Ferro de Souza Hospital Federal do Para UniversityBelemParaBrazil Center of Health and Biological Science Para State UniversityBelemParaBrazil Tropical Medicine Center Federal do Para UniversityAv.Generalissimo Deodoro 92UmarizalBelemPara66055-190Brazil

Background:The impact of leprosy reduces health-related quality of life of affected patients,interfering with different factors such as *** study investigated the lipid profile,nutritional status,and risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD)in patients who underwent leprosy treatment in ***:Eighty-four adult patients of both genders ranging in age from 20 to 60 years and diagnosed with paucibacillary(PB)or multibacillary(MB)leprosy were selected after undergoing multidrug *** following data were collected:sociodemographic and clinical data;food intake;anthropometric measures(weight,height,and waist circumference);and lipid profile components(total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol[HDL-c],low-density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-c],and triglycerides).Results:Among the study population,there was a predominance of males(65.48%)aged 50 to 60 years,patients with an income of 248-496 American dollars(63.10%),patients who completed elementary school(65.48%),inactive patients(76.19%),non-smokers(46.43%),and non-drinking patients(69.05%).The levels(mean±standard deviation)of total cholesterol were 193.8±29.4 mg/dL in the PB form and 203.5±41.7 mg/dL in the MB *** mean LDL-c was 116.9±22.7 mg/dL in PB patients and 121±31.3 mg/dL in MB *** triglyceride levels were 123.4±45.2 mg/dL in the PB form and 147.4±88.9 mg/dL in the MB *** evaluation of nutritional status showed that 41.67%of the patients were eutrophic,while 55.96%had excess *** intake was significantly associated with HDL-c in male patients(P=0.0264)and with triglycerides in patients above the ideal weight(P=0.0049).Conclusions:The risk of acquiring CVDs was observed to be high due to patients’excess weight and increased waist *** study will guide clinicians in the adequate treatment of patients with leprosy in order to avoid adverse cardiovascular events.

关键词： Leprosy Post-leprosy treatment Nutritional status Total cholesterol Triglycerides Cardiovascular disease Brazil

Narcea—an unknown,ancient cultivated rose variety from northern Spain

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2217-2228页

作者： María-Carmen Martínez José-Luis santiago Susana Boso Pilar Gago InmaculadaÁlvarez-Acero María-Estela De Vega Miguel Martínez-Bartolomé rafaelÁlvarez-Nogal Pilar Molíst Matteo Caser Valentina Scariot daniel Gómez-García Misión Biológica de Galicia(CSIC) Carballeira 8Salcedo 36143 PontevedraSpain Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición(CSIC)(Spain) C/JoséAntonio Novais 1028040 MadridSpain Departamento de Biología Molecular-Área de Biología Celular Universidad de LeónCampus de Vegazana s/n24071 LeónSpain Grupo Neurolamb Biología funcional y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de Vigo(Spain)36310 As Lagoas-MarcosendeSpain Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTurinItaly Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(CSIC) Dpto.Conservación de Ecosistemas NaturalesAvda.Montaña S/NZaragoza50016 ZaragozaSpain

The present work reports the discovery and the complete characterisation of an ancient cultivated rose variety found growing in a private garden in the southwest of the Principality of Asturias(northern Spain).The variety is here given the name *** majority of roses currently cultivated belong to the so-called group of‘Modern Roses’,all of which were obtained after 1867 via artificial crosses and improvement *** are destined for ornamental *** the 19th century,the great majority of the many ancient cultivated roses in Europe were used in perfumery and cosmetics,or had medicinal *** damascena and Rosa centifollia are still grown and used by the French and Bulgarian perfume *** Asturian Massif of the Cantabrian Mountain Range provides a natural habitat for some 75%of the wild members of the genus Rosa,but until now there was no evidence that this area was home to ancient cultivated roses.A complete botanical description is here provided for a discovered ancient *** is also characterised according to a series of sequence tagged microsatellite sites,and its agronomic features are *** addition,a histological description(optical and scanning electronic microscope studies)of the petals is offered,along with an analysis of the volatile compounds present in these organs as determined by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass *** results reveal the uniqueness of this ancient type of rose and suggest it may be of interest to the perfume industry.

关键词： ancient southwest majority

Production, Detection and Cross-Reactivity of Anti-Polysaccharide Antibodies from Environmental Fungi

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第10期5卷 815-822页

作者： rafael Andrade Menolli Thais Soprani Ayala Pablo Rodrigo da Rosa Claudia Rejane Lima de Macedo costa Erica Fernanda Osaku Rosiane G. Mello Zibetti Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Cascavel Brasil Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Cascavel Brasil Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe Curitiba Brasil

The diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Disease (IFD) is difficult because the sensitivity of conventional culture and cytology methods for the detection of Aspergillus is poor, and because serological methods exhibit cross-reactivity with environmental fungi. Fungal polysaccharides are of particular interest in the serologic diagnosis of IFD, especially galactomannan (GM) and glucan, which have been recognized as useful tools for the diagnosis of fungal infections. Further investigation into polysaccharide antibody cross-reactivity is important in improving diagnostic tests. Our aim was to verify the production of antibodies against fungal antigens in mice immunized with exopolysaccharides (EPS) obtained from three fungal species (Aspergillus terreus, Paecilomyces variotii and Curvularia brachyspora). ELISA assays were performed to evaluate homologous and heterologous reactions and showed anti-polysaccharide antibodies production. EPS from A. terreus was immunogenic enough to immunize the animal and lead to antibody production against this EPS. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed with EPS obtained from P. variotii and C. brachyspora. The EPS from P. variotii did not exhibit good immunogenicity, whereas EPS from C. brachyspora showed good immunogenicity, and heterologous reactions were detected on the ELISA assays performed using the EPS from this species. The results indicate that immunization can occur for environmental fungal polysaccharides, generating antibodies may be interfere in serological diagnosis that are based on detection of fungal polysaccharides, mainly glucans and galactomannans.

关键词： Exopolysaccharides Environmental Fungi Immunization

Is there a place for cellular therapy in depression?

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 553-567页

作者： Pedro Antonio Schmidt do Prado-Lima Zaquer Suzana Munhoz costa-Ferro Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza Ivana Beatrice Manica da Cruz Biogenomics Lab Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul(BraIns) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90610-000Rio Grande do SulBrazil Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy Sao Rafael HospitalSalvador 41253-190BahiaBrazil D’Or Institute for Research and Education(IDOR) Salvador 41253-190BahiaBrazil Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology Gonçalo Moniz InstituteFiocruzSalvador 40296-710BahiaBrazil Health Sciences Center Federal University of Santa MariaSanta Maria 97105900RSBrazil

Although efforts have been made to improve the pharmacological treatment of depression,approximately one-third of patients with depression do not respond to conventional therapy using *** potential non-pharmacological therapies have been studied in the last years,including the use of mesenchymal stem cell therapies to treat *** therapies are reviewed here since it is clinically relevant to develop innovative therapeutics to treat psychiatric *** data corroborate that mesenchymal stem cell therapy could be considered a potential treatment for depression based on its antiinflammatory and neurotrophic ***,some clinical trials involving treatment of depression with stem cells are in progress,but with no published *** studies and other future clinical investigations will be crucial to define how much mesenchymal stem cells can effectively be used in psychiatric clinics as a strategy for supporting depression treatment.

关键词： Mood disorders Stem cells transplant Mesenchymal stem-cells transplant Inflammation Immunomodulation Depression