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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan serrano-Marín rafael rivas-s.n.isteban Jaume Lillo Molecular neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Ciberned network Center for Biomedical Research in neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain school of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-Belmonte sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela synaptic structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (schirinzi et al.,2020).syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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Deforestation and fragmentation trends of seasonal dry tropical forest in Ecuador: impact on conservation

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 615-627页

作者： Carlos A.rivas JoséGuerrero-Casado rafael M.navarro-Cerillo Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Técnica de ManabíPortoviejoManabíEcuador Department of Forest Engineering Laboratory of DendrochronologySilviculture and Global Change–DendrodatLab–ERSAFUniversity of CordobaCampus de RabanalesCrta.IVkm.396E-14071 CordobaSpain Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Técnica de ManabíPortoviejoManabíEcuador Department of Zoology University of CordobaCampus de Rabanales14071 CordobaSpain

Background:Fragmentation and deforestation are one of the greatest threats to forests,and these processes are of even more concern in the tropics,where the seasonal dry forest is possibly one of the most threatened ecosystems with the least remaining surface ***:The deforestation and fragmentation patterns that had occurred in Ecuadorian seasonal dry forests between 1990 and 2018 were verified,while geographic information systems and land cover shapes provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment were employed to classify and evaluate three types of seasonal dry forests:deciduous,semi-deciduous,and *** study area was tessellated into 10 km2 hexagons,in which six fragmentation parameters were measured:number of patches,mean patch size,median patch size,total edge,edge density and reticular fragmentation index(RFI).The RFI was also measured both outside and inside protected natural areas(unprotected,national protected areas and protected forest).Moreover,the areas with the best and worst conservation status,connectivity and risk of disappearance values were identified by means of a Getis-Ord Gi*statistical ***:The deforestation of seasonal dry forests affected 27.04%of the original surface area still remaining in 1990,with an annual deforestation rate of−1.12%between 1990 and *** RFI has increased by 11.61%as a result of the fact that small fragments of forest have tended to disappear,while the large fragments have been fragmented into smaller *** semi-deciduous forest had the highest levels of fragmentation in *** three categories of protection had significantly different levels of fragmentation,with lower RFI values in national protected areas and greater values in protected ***:The seasonal dry forest is fragmenting,deforesting and disappearing in some *** increased protection and conservation of the Ecuadorian seasonal dry forest is,therefore,necessary owing to the fact that not all prot

关键词： Deciduous forest semi-deciduous forest Remnant forest Patch isolation Habitat loss Protected areas

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Residents'perception of sustainable tourism in protected mountain areas:the case of Asturias

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Journal of Mountain science 2022年第12期19卷 3597-3614页

作者： MAGADAn-DIAZ Marta rivas-GARCIA Jesus I. Faculty of Business and Communication Universidad Internacional de La RiojaAvda.de la Paz 137Logrono 26o06Spain

spain is the country with the most Biosphere Reserves in the world,52,and Asturias,with 7,ranks first among the single-province Autonomous *** tourist interest in these natural spaces is increasing,but little or nothing is known about how the residents of these natural spaces perceive the tourist *** main objective of this research was to evaluate the residents’perceived changes in protected mountain areas in Asturias concerning the environmental,sociocultural,and economic dimensions related to tourism activity with survey methods and various quantitative *** findings obtained were the following:firstly,there were significant differences between the residents’sociodemographic characteristics and their perceptions of tourism impacts;secondly,there were positive relationships between the residents’perceived tourism economic,environmental and sociocultural impacts and their general attitude towards tourism development;and thirdly,the more positive the residents’attitude towards tourism development,the more likely residents actively support its further *** findings indicate the willingness of residents to get involved and participate in the tourism activity,so policymakers should implicate residents in decisionmaking on local tourism *** conclusion,long-term monitoring of residents’evolution of their perceptions and attitudes is necessary to achieve sustainable tourism development.

关键词： sustainable tourism Tourists’perception survey method Regression analysis Asturias

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Beacon-Less Geographic Routing in Real Wireless sensor networks

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2008年第3期23卷 438-450页

作者： Juan A.sánchez rafael Marín-Pérez Pedro M.Ruiz Department of Information and Communications Engineering University of MurciaSpain

Geographic Routing （GR） algorithms require nodes to periodically transmit HELLO messages to allow neighbors to know their positions （beaconing mechanism）. Beacon-less routing algorithms have recently been proposed to reduce the control overheads due to these messages. However, existing beacon-less algorithms have not considered realistic physical layers. Therefore, those algorithms cannot work properly in realistic scenarios. In this paper we present a new beacon-less routing protocol called BOss. Its design is based on the conclusions of our open-field experiments using Tmote-sky sensors. BOss is adapted to error-prone networks and incorporates a new mechanism to reduce collisions and duplicate messages produced during the selection of the next forwarder node. We compare BOss with Beacon-Less Routing （BLR） and Contention-Based Forwarding （CBF） algorithms through extensive simulations. The results show that our scheme is able to *** almost perfect packet delivery ratio （like BLR） while having a low bandwidth consumption （even lower than CBF）. Additionally, we carried out an empirical evaluation in a real testbed that shows the correctness of our simulation results.

关键词： geographic routing beacon-less forwarding performance evaluation real deployment

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Interpenetrating polymers supported on microporous polypropylene membranes for the transport of chromium ions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第7期25卷 938-946页

作者： Yesid Tapiero Julio sánchez BernabéL.rivas Polymer Department Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ConcepdonCasilla 160-C ConcepcionChile

Modifying polypropylene membranes with interpenetrating polymer networks(IPns) through the incorporation of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-n-methyl-D-glucamine)(P(GMA-nMG)) was performed by in situ synthesis via radical polymerization. The surface of the polypropylene membrane was activated by hydrophilic grafted polyelectrolyte, and then, pressure injection was used for the impregnation of the reactive solution in the *** types of pore-filled membranes were synthesized, chelating interpenetrating homopolymer networks of P(GMA-nMG), and chelating-ion exchange interpenetrating polymer networks(e.g., P(GMA-nMG)/P(AA),P(GMA-nMG)/P(AMPsA), and P(GMA-nMG)/P(Cl VBTA)). After their synthesis, the modified polypropylene membranes were characterized using techniques such as the electrokinetic potential, sEM, FT-IR, and Donnan dialysis to corroborate the chromium ion transport. The P(GMA-nMG) and complex network membranes exhibited a hydrophilic character with a water-uptake capacity between 20% and 35% and a percentage of modification between 4.0% and 7.0% in comparison with the behavior of the unmodified polypropylene *** chromium ions were efficiently transported from the food chamber at p H 9.0 when the 65.2%MTA1 P(Cl VBTA) homopolymer IPn membrane and 48.5% MTAG P(GMA-nMG)/P(Cl VBTA) IPn membrane were used. similarly, hexavalent chromium ions were removed from the food chamber at pH 3.0 when MTAG(63.30%) and MTA1(35.68%) were used in 1 mol·L^(-1)na Cl solution as the extraction reagent.

关键词： Polypropylene n-methyI-D-glucamine Ion exchange Donnan dialysis Interpenetrating polymer networks Chromium

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DnA-guided hepatitis B treatment,viral load is essential,but not sufficient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第4期15卷 423-430页

作者： rafael Bárcena Marugán silvia García Garzón services of Liver-Gastroenterology Hospital Ramón y CajalUniversity of Alcalá Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de GuadalajaraUniversity of Alcalá

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is a global public health problem that concerns 350 million people worldwide. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B （CriB） are at increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis, hepatic de-compensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. To maintain undetectable viral load reduces chronic infection complications. There is no treatment that eradicates HBV infection. Current drugs are expensive, are associated with adverse events, and are of limited efficacy. Current guidelines try to standardize the clinical practice. nevertheless, controversy remains about management of asymptomatic patients with CriB who are hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）-positive with normal alanine aminotransferase, and what is the cut-off value of viral load to distinguish HBeAg- negative CriB patients and inactive carriers. We discuss in detail why DnA level alone is not sufficient to begin treatment of CriB.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Viral DnA Alaninetransaminase Antiviral drug Hepatitis B e antigen Antiviral drug resistance

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Modeling and simulation of circulating fluidized bed reactors applied to a carbonation/calcination loop

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Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 116-128页

作者： rafael A.sánchez Hugo A.Jakobsen Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology7034 TrondheimNorway

A fluid dynamic model for a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed （CFB） designed using two coupled riser reactors is developed and implemented numerically with code programmed in Matlab. The fluid dynamic model contains heat and species mass balances to calculate temperatures and compositions for a carbonation/calcination loop process. Because of the high computational costs required to resolve the three-dimensional phenomena, a model representing a trade-offbetween computational time requirements and accuracy is developed. For dynamic processes with a solid flux between the two reactor units that depends on the fluid dynamics of both risers, a dynamic one-dimensional two-fluid model is sufficient. A two-fluid model using the constant particle viscosity closure for the stress term is used for the solid phase, and an algebraic turbulence model is applied to the gas phase. The numerical model implementa- tion is based on the finite volume method with a staggered grid scheme. The exchange of solids between the reactor units constituting the circulating fluidized bed （solid flux） is implemented through additional mass source/sink terms in the continuity equations of the two phases, For model validation, a relevant experimental analysis provided in the literature is reproduced by the numerical simulations, The numerical analysis indicates that sufficient heat integration between the two reactor units is important for the performance of the circulating fluidized bed system, The two-fluid model performs fairly well for this chemical process operated in a CFB designed as two coupled riser reactors. Further analysis and optimization of the solution algorithms and the reactor coupling strategy is warranted.

关键词： Chemical reactors Fluidization Mathematical modeling Multiphase flow simulation

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On the material dependence of experimental shear fracture orientation

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science China Earth sciences 2015年第12期58卷 2357-2362页

作者： Enrique GOMEZ-rivas Albert GRIERA Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology School of Geosciences King’s College University of Aberdeen Departament de Geologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

It is not uncommon to observe shear fractures in ductile rocks oriented at more than 45° with respect to the maximum compression direction. since these orientations cannot be explained with the classic Mohr-Coulumb or Tresca yield criteria, Zheng et al.(Journal of structural Geology, 35: 1394–1405, 2011) proposed the maximum effective moment(MEM) failure criterion. This rule suggests that shear fractures in ductile rocks form at ?55° with the maximum compression axis and that this orientation is material-independent and, therefore, universal. Zheng et al.(science China: Earth sciences, 57(11): 2819–2824, 2014) used data from our own experiments as supporting evidence of their failure criterion. In this contribution we discuss why shear fracture formation in ductile rocks indeed strongly depends on the mechanical properties of the deforming medium, and why experimental data should not be taken to prove the validity of the MEM criterion. The formation mechanisms and orientations of shear fractures in our experiments significantly vary depending on the material strength and degree and type of anisotropy(composite and intrinsic). We therefore demonstrate using experimental data that a universal failure angle in ductile and anisotropic rocks does not apply. Additionally, we highlight some inconsistencies of the MEM criterion.

关键词： shear fracture anisotropy fracture orientation material properties failure criteria ductile deformation

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The Role of Chilean Mountain Areas in Time of Drought and Energy Crisis:new Pressures and Challenges for Vulnerable Ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain science 2012年第4期9卷 451-462页

作者： rafael sánCHEZ Carla MARCHAnT Axel BORsDORF Institute for Geography Pontifical University Catholic of ChileAvenida Vicu a Mackenna 4860MaculSantiago de Chile Institute for Geography University of InnsbruckInnrain 526020 InnsbruckAustria Institute for Mountain Research:Man and Environment Austrian Academy of SciencesTechnikerstr.21a6020 InnsbruckAustria

In the summer of 2010/2011 Chile suffered the third most severe energy and water supply crisis in only one decade. This may be surprising as the Andes which accompany the country along 4,200 km are a water tower and could provide more electricity and water than needed. On top of that, it has to be mentioned that Chile also counts with sunny and windy climates and with excellent geothermal energy resources and thus has a huge potential as far as renewable energies are concerned. After analyzing the existing natural conditions, the infrastructure and the present challenges of climate change, it has to be asked in which way Chile can make use of this potential in the near future, considering the legal and political situation and the technological opportunities. It seems that the resources are still hidden in the Andes, and only the key is missing to realize the country＇s natural potential. This research has been based on the analysis of existing literature, media, quantitative data from government institutions and other antecedents obtained by the authors in field work done in the south of Chile in 2OLO. The added value of this compilation lies in the comprehensive perspective, linking the knowledge of climatologists, hydrologists, mountain researchers and energy experts in order to support a sustainable energy and water supply for the future in Chile. From this present research, it can be concluded that Chile necessarilyhas to adopt new energy-related strategies, particularly those aimed at diminishing the strong dependence on traditional sources of energy and establishing new techniques and technologies for generating electrieity and utilizing the vast potential that the country is ready to offer, such as that provided by the Andes along 4,200 kilometers.

关键词： Mountain region Andes Energy supply Chile

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