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Tricks and tips in pancreatoduodenectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第9期6卷 344-350页

作者： Anna Pallisera rafael morales Jose Manuel Ramia Department of Surgery Hospital Son Llatzer HPB Unit Department of SurgeryHospital Universitario de Guadalajara

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) is the standard surgical treatment for tumors of the pancreatic head,proximal bile duct,duodenum and ampulla,and represents the only hope of cure in cases of malignancy.Since its initial description in 1935 by Whipple et al,this complex surgical technique has evolved and undergone several modifications.We review three key issues in PD:(1) the initial approach to the superior mesenteric artery,known as the artery-first approach;(2) arterial complications caused by anatomic variants of the hepatic artery or celiac artery stenosis;and(3) the extent of lymphadenectomy.

关键词： malignancy mesenteric dissection celiac Whipple duodenum stenosis intraoperative pancreas proximal

Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed(Asparagopsis taxiformis)and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 412-426页

作者： Pedro Romero Alejandro Belanche Elisabeth Jiménez rafael Hueso Eva Ramos-morales Joan King Salwen Ermias Kebreab David R.Yáñez-Ruiz Estacion Experimental del Zaidin Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC)Profesor Albareda 1Granada 18008Spain Department of Animal Production and Food Sciences University of ZaragozaMiguel Servet 177Saragossa 50013Spain Blue Ocean Barns Inc. Redwood CityCAUSA Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95618USA

Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(CH_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(CHBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr3 from A taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is diet-dependent.An in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2×2 factorial design,assessing two A taxiformis inclusion rates[0(CTL)and 2%DM diet(AT)]and two diets[high-concentrate(HC)and high-forage diet(HF)].Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0,0.5,1,3,6,8,12,16,24,48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of CHBr_(3) into dibromomethane(CH_(2)Br_(2))and fermentation parameters.Additionally,an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains(Methanobrevibacter smithii,Methanobrevibacter ruminantium,Methanosphaera stadtmanae,Methanosarcina barkeri,Methanobrevibacter millerae,Methanorhermobacter wolfei and Methanobacterium mobile)was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of CHBr3(0.4,2,10and 50μmol/L).Results The addition of AT significantly decreased CH_(4) production(P=0.002)and the acetate:propionate ratio(P=0.003)during a 72-h incubation.The concentrations of CHBr_(3) showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90%degraded within the first 3 h of incubation.On the contrary,CH_(2)Br_(2) concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the incubation.Neither CHBr_(3) degradation nor CH_(2)Br_(2) synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate,suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)degradation.The in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of CHBr3 by inhibiting the growth of M.smithii,M.ruminantium,M.stadtmanae,M.barkeri,M.millerae,M.wolfei,and M.mobile.Conclusions The present work demonstrated that CHBr_(3) from A.taxiformis is quickly degraded to CH_(2)Br_(2)in the rumen and that the ferm

关键词： Bromoform metabolism Dibromomethane metabolism Methane mitigation Methanogens Rumen microbiota Seaweed

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ABC公司以营销为导向的数字转型研究

ABC公司以营销为导向的数字转型研究

作者： rafael Enrique morales Otero 上海外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究以哥伦比亚卡塔赫纳市的照明零售商ABC公司为例探讨数字化转型问题。该公司1983年成立于加勒比海滨城市Cartagena,目的是满足该城市的照明需求。近年来,该公司开始采用例如LED在内的新照明技术,目前正在开始推出带有物联网技术的... 详细信息

本研究以哥伦比亚卡塔赫纳市的照明零售商ABC公司为例探讨数字化转型问题。该公司1983年成立于加勒比海滨城市Cartagena,目的是满足该城市的照明需求。近年来,该公司开始采用例如LED在内的新照明技术,目前正在开始推出带有物联网技术的产品。经过10多年的时间完成从卤素照明向LED照明,并且完成了若干个住宅区照明工程后,公司在过去5年中销售利润出现大幅下滑。当前产品营销方式与多年前相比有很大改变。影响公司销售的主要原因之一就是公司无法对目标市场作出有效反应,无法深入了解目标客户。人们的消费习惯已经不同,消费决策和公司都收到数字技术的深刻影响。ABC公司无法对市场期望有效作出反馈,提供多渠道体验,但是新的消费者、商超甚至制造商都开始改变商业模式。以前制造商不太会接触终端用户,但是电子商务的出现却使得他们能够通过数字渠道达到这一目的。本文首先分析了其他研究者关于数字化转型的重要观点,发现麦肯锡7S数字营销模型7S模型评估有助于帮助像ABC公司这样的企业调整资源,促使其平稳、快速地适应数字化转型。文章对ABC公司的内部和外部状况进行了描述分析,揭示了当前状况,论证了在市场上寻找数字化转型机会对于公司的重要性。然后文章根据麦肯锡7S数字营销模型对ABC公司进行评分,发现公司在7个要素上都存在缺陷,其中在策略、技能和共同价值观这3个要素上得分较低。文章在7S分析的基础上,制定了公司数字化转型方案。ABC公司着重向个体客户——即有即时需求的人——销售产品,所以方案确定的第一个问题是获客率过低,其次是缺乏数字营销策略。本文提出的解决方案认为,ABC公司可以从产品中心策略向客户中心转变。这样一来,公司的客户可以细分为三组,居民、公司以及房地产开发商。本文为公司提供的实施策略是以7S模型中发现的关键因素,例如通过部门间沟通打破壁垒,以及将现有组织结构向基于市场的组织结构过渡等。据预测分析,如果实施得当,销售转型可以实现投资回报比上升3倍。首先,建议提升争取潜在公司客户（B2B）,即细分市场中的房地产客户的重要性。为此,需要通过多元在线渠道实施潜在客户培养策略,分析客户行为和痛点,通过有价值信息和解决方法培养客户。其次,在销售部门的配合下落实有效吸引力,提升跨渠道、跨设备用户体验,也可以提升销售业绩。营销部门和销售部门可以采用相同的KPI体系,有助于降低B2B销售过程中的瓶颈。通过实施数字化转型方案研究,不仅可以帮助公司更主动适应新的商务环境,而且可以为其他类似企业提供借鉴。

关键词：数字化转型销售漏斗转型数字营销策略 7S数字营销模型数字客户旅程潜在客户培养电子商务用户体验

Designing nanocarriers to overcome the limitations in conventional drug administration for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1743-1744页

作者： rafael A.García-Muñoz Joseph McConnell Victoria morales Raul Sanz Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMadridSpain Department of Chemical&Process Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)have become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide,and cause enormous pain and suffering for both patients and their families.Some of the most common NDs include Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease(PD)and Huntington’s disease,among others(Feng,2020).PD is a widespread neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 10 million people worldwide(No author listed,2021).The direct cause of the disease is unknown,but it is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain in the substantia nigra.This leads to the depletion of dopamine(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,DA)in the striatum of patients,in addition to the existence of abnormalα-synuclein in nerve cells and the development of toxic protein aggregates in neurons called Lewy bodies,which causes muscle stiffness,slowness of movements and tremors.It is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be the cause of PD,but the exact reason for the disease is not yet fully understood.

关键词： Huntington degeneration overcome

Food allergy among Mexican infants and preschoolers:prevalence and associated factors

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期19卷 401-405页

作者： Martín Bedolla-Barajas Jaime morales-Romero rafael Sánchez-Magallón Jorge Alejandro Valdez-Soto Tonatiuh Ramses Bedolla-Pulido Carlos Meza-López Allergy and Immunology Department Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr.Juan I.MenchacaSalvador Quevedo y Zubieta No.740Colonia La Perla44340GuadalajaraJaliscoMéxico Institute of Public Health Universidad VeracruzanaXalapaMexico Pediatrics Department Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr.Juan I.MenchacaGuadalajaraMexico

The number of people with food allergy(FA)has increased in recent decades,as has the number of foods to which they are allergic.Estimates of FA prevalence vary widely,likely because of different definitions,evaluated foods and geo-graphic variations.In developed countries,overall preva-lence estimates range from 1.9%to 7.2%[1,2].In Latin America,the prevalence of FA in children is between 1.4%and 5.3%[3-6],with important age-based variations(from 1.9%in infants to 0.4%in preschoolers)[7].FA is a complex trait in which the interplay of genetic and environmental fac-tors results in disease expression.Well-known factors that increase atopic susceptibility include sex[8,9],age[10],and socioeconomic status[11-13].Furthermore,the asso-ciation between family history of allergies and childhood FA has been consistently reported in recent years.Overall,a maternal history of allergic disease appears to be more strongly associated with FA than paternal history of atopy[14].

关键词： prevalence allergy allergic

Assays for predicting and monitoring responses to lung cancer immunotherapy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第2期12卷 87-95页

作者： Cristina Teixidó Niki Karachaliou Maria González-Cao Daniela morales-Espinosa rafael Rosell Pangaea Biotech Quirón Dexeus University Hospital Rosell Oncology Institute Quirón Dexeus University Hospital Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program Catalan Institute of OncologyHospital Germans Trias i Pujol

Immunotherapy has become a key strategy for cancer treatment, and two immune checkpoints, namely, programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and its ligand(PD-L1), have recently emerged as important targets. The interaction blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 demonstrated promising activity and antitumor efficacy in early phase clinical trials for advanced solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Many cell types in multiple tissues express PD-L1 as well as several tumor types, thereby suggesting that the ligand may play important roles in inhibiting immune responses throughout the body. Therefore, PD-L1 is a critical immunomodulating component within the lung microenvironment, but the correlation between PD-L1 expression and prognosis is controversial. More evidence is required to support the use of PD-L1 as a potential predictive biomarker. Clinical trials have measured PD-L1 in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry(IHC) with different antibodies, but the assessment of PD-L1 is not yet standardized. Some commercial antibodies lack specificity and their reproducibility has not been fully evaluated. Further studies are required to clarify the optimal IHC assay as well as to predict and monitor the immune responses of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.

关键词：非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗免疫反应预测监测程序性细胞死亡免疫组化法实验

Understanding the function and dysfunction of the immune system in lung cancer: the role of immune checkpoints

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第2期12卷 79-86页

作者： Niki Karachaliou Maria Gonzalez Cao Cristina Teixidó Santiago Viteri Daniela morales-Espinosa Mariacarmela Santarpia rafael Rosell Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell Quiron Dexeus University Hospital Pangaea Biotech Medical Oncology Unit Human Pathology Department University of Messina Catalan Institute of Oncology Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital

Survival rates for metastatic lung cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer(SCLC), are poor with 5-year survivals of less than 5%. The immune system has an intricate and complex relationship with tumorigenesis; a groundswell of research on the immune system is leading to greater understanding of how cancer progresses and presenting new ways to halt disease progress. Due to the extraordinary power of the immune system—with its capacity for memory, exquisite specificity and central and universal role in human biology—immunotherapy has the potential to achieve complete, long-lasting remissions and cures, with few side effects for any cancer patient, regardless of cancer type. As a result, a range of cancer therapies are under development that work by turning our own immune cells against tumors. However deeper understanding of the complexity of immunomodulation by tumors is key to the development of effective immunotherapies, especially in lung cancer.

关键词：非小细胞肺癌免疫系统检查点癌症患者肿瘤发生免疫治疗人类生物学癌症治疗

Refractive index measurement of dielectric samples using highly focused radially polarized light(Invited Paper)

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第3期15卷 12-15页

作者： Guadalupe López-morales Victor-Manuel Rico-Botero rafael Espinosa-Luna Qiwen Zhan GIPYS Laboratory Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A. C. León Gto 37150 México Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics University of Dayton Dayton OH 45469 USA

In this Letter, a refractive index measurement of a dielectric sample using highly focused radially polarized light is reported. Through imaging analysis of the optical field at the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture （NA） objective lens reflected by the sample under study, the Brewster angle is found. Employing a high NA objective lens allows the measurement of multiple angles of incidence from 0° to 64° in a single shot. The refractive index of the sample is estimated using the measured Brewster angle. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical images computed with the Fresnel theory, and a good agreement is obtained.

关键词： high Refractive index measurement of dielectric samples using highly focused radially polarized light

Low-cost disordered carbons for Li/S batteries： A high- performance carbon with dual porosity derived from cherry pits

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 89-100页

作者： Celia Hernandez-Rentero rafael Cordoba Noelia Moreno Alvaro Caballero Julian morales Mara Olivares-Marin Vicente Gomez-Serrano Dpto. Ouimica Inorgdnica e Ingenierfa Quimica Instituto de Quimica Fina y Nanoqufmica Universidad de C6rdoba 14071 C6rdoba Spain Dpto. Quimica Inorg6nica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain

一微 -- 并且从樱桃坑废物获得并且与 H 3 PO 4 酸为 Li/S 电池作为硫主人被学习了。碳有 1,662 m 2 灀楡的一个高特定的表面区域吗？

关键词：碳源电池樱桃表演双孔生物资源电气化学 mAh