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Visual analytics tool for the interpretation of hidden states in recurrent neural networks

Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2021年第1期4卷 233-245页

作者： rafael garcia Tanja Munz Daniel Weiskopf VISUS University of Stuttgart70569 StuttgartGermany

In this paper,we introduce a visual analytics approach aimed at helping machine learning experts analyze the hidden states of layers in recurrent neural *** technique allows the user to interactively inspect how hidden states store and process information throughout the feeding of an input sequence into the *** technique can help answer questions,such as which parts of the input data have a higher impact on the prediction and how the model correlates each hidden state configuration with a certain *** visual analytics approach comprises several components:First,our input visualization shows the input sequence and how it relates to the output(using color coding).In addition,hidden states are visualized through a nonlinear projection into a 2-D visualization space using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to understand the shape of the space of the hidden *** are also employed to show the details of the evolution of the hidden state ***,a time-multi-class heatmap matrix visualizes the evolution of the expected predictions for multi-class classifiers,and a histogram indicates the distances between the hidden states within the original *** different visualizations are shown simultaneously in multiple views and support brushing-and-linking to facilitate the analysis of the classifications and debugging for misclassified input *** demonstrate the capability of our approach,we discuss two typical use cases for long short-term memory models applied to two widely used natural language processing datasets.

关键词： Visual analytics Visualization Machine learning Classification Recurrent neural networks Long shortterm memory Hidden states Interpretability Natural language processing Nonlinear projection

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On the line profile changes observed during the X2.2 class flare in the active region NOAA 11158

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第2期14卷 207-220页

作者： Ankala Raja Bayanna Brajesh Kumar Parameswaran Venkatakrishnan Shibu Kunchandy Mathew Belur Ravindra Savita Mathur rafael A garcia Udaipur Solar Observatory Physical Research LaboratoryDewaliBadi RoadUdaipur 313 004India Indian Institute of Astrophysics II BlockKoramanglaBangalore 560034India Space Science Institute 4750 Walnut Street Suite#205BoulderCO 80301USA Laboratoire AIM CEA/DSM-CNRSUniversit'e Paris 7 DiderotIRFU/SApCentre de Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

The solar active region NOAA 11158 produced a series of flares during its passage through the solar disk. The first major flare （of class X2.2） of the current solar cycle occurred in this active region on 2011 February 15 around 01：50 UT. We have analyzed the Dopplergrams and magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager （HMI） instrument onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory to examine the photospheric velocity and magnetic field changes associated with this flare. The HMI instrument provides high-quality Doppler and magnetic maps of the solar disk with 0.5＂ spatial scale at a cadence of 45 s along with imaging spectroscopy. We have identified five locations of velocity transients in the active region during the flare. These transient velocity signals are located in and around the flare ribbons as observed by Hinode in the Ca II H wavelength and the footpoints of hard X-ray enhancement are in the energy range 12-25 keV from RHESSI. The changes in shape and width of two circular polarization states have been observed at the time of transients in three out of five locations. Forward modeling of the line profiles shows that the change in atmospheric parameters such as magnetic field strength, Doppler velocity and source function could explain the observed changes in the line profiles with respect to the pre-flare condition.

关键词： Sun: activity -- Sun: sunspot -- Sun: flares -- Sun: spectroscopy --Sun: velocity and magnetic fields

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Periprosthetic joint infections in femoral neck fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty–should we use antibiotic-loaded bone cement?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 150-159页

作者： Diana Crego-Vita Daniel Aedo-Martín rafael garcia-Cañas Andrea Espigares-Correa Coral Sánchez-Pérez Christof Ernst Berberich Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez UllaMadrid 28047Spain Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Hospital Universitario del HenaresUniversidad Francisco de VitoriaCoslada 28822MadridSpain Department of Orthopeadic and Trauma Surgery Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez UllaMadrid 28047Spain Department of Orthopeadic and Trauma Surgery General University Hospital Gregorio MaranonMadrid 28007Spain Department of Medical Training Heraeus Medical GmbHWehrheim 612173HessenGermany

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty is the most common treatment in elderly patients with displaced intra-capsular femoral neck fracture(FNF).Prosthetic joint infection(PJI)is one of the most feared and frequent complications post-surgery because of the frail health status of these patients and the need for fast track ***,priorities should lie in effective preventive strategies to mitigate this *** To determine how much the implementation of the routine use of antibioticloaded bone cement(ALBC)as a relatively easy-to-apply amendment to the surgical practice reduces the infection rate in our hemiarthroplasty *** We retrospectively assessed all demographic,health status and treatment-related data of our FNF patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from 2011 to 2017;241 patients were further analyzed after exclusion of patients with cancer-related sequelae and those who died before the end of the 1-year observation *** PJI rate as diagnosed on basis of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society(MSIS)criteria 2011 was determined for each included patient and compared in function of the bone cement used for hip stem *** were split into a group receiving a plain bone cement in the period from January 2011 to June 2013(non-ALBC group)and into a group receiving an ALBC in the period July 2013 to December 2017(ALBC group).Data analysis was performed with statistical *** further calculated the cost-efficacy of the implementation of routine use of ALBC in the second group balancing the inhospital infection related treatment costs with the extra costs of use of *** In total 241 FNF patients who received cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from January 2011 to January 2017 were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective *** were 8 PJI cases identified in the ALBC group among n=94 patients,whereas 28 PJI cases were observed in the non-ALBC group among n=147 *** statistical analysis

关键词： prosthetic joint infection Femoral neck fracture patients Hemiarthroplasty Antibiotic-loaded bone cement Prophylaxis Cost-efficacy

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The Impulsivity and Drinking Motives as Predictor of the Alcohol Consumption in College Students

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Psychology Research 2014年第1期4卷 40-47页

作者： Diana Betancourt Ocampo Sahid rafael garcia Campos Jazmin garcia Zarate Laura Alejandra Corona Guevara Alejandro Gonzalez-Gonzfilez Universidad Anahuac Mexico Norte Huixquilucan Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Moxico Mexico City Mexico

The main objective of this research is to determine the effect of the impulsivity as well as the causes of drinking alcohol in college. We selected a non-probabilistic sample of 36 students of a private college, 47.1% were male and 52.9 female, with an age range of 17-27 years and a mean of 20.66 years. To measure the alcohol consumption, we used an adapted version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire, which consists of three dimensions: coping reasons, social reasons and conformity reasons. Impulsivity was evaluated with the adapted versions of the Plutchik scale consisting of 15 items in Likert scale with four response options ranging from never to always. These results showed that 93.6% of the participants reported the consumption of alcohol sometime in their lives. As for the effect of the causes for drinking and the impulsivity of the consumption in college students, the results showed that the three dimensions to drink explained 39% of the variance in the alcohol consumption among young people, however, impulsivity did not enter as a predictor variable.

关键词：食用酒精消费预测大学生饮酒民办高校消费量原因非概率

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Grasshoppers Sphenarium Purpurascens Ch Source of Proteins and Essential Amino Acids

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2015年第7期9卷 472-476页

作者： Melo-Ruiz Virginia Quirino-Barreda Tomas garcia-Nunez Maritza Diaz-garcia rafael Sanchez-Herrera Karina Schettino-Bermudez Beatriz Departament of Biological Systems Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Mexico D. F. 04960 Mexico

Protein malnutrition is quite common worldwide; its deficiency has adverse effects in all organs. Edible insect＇s traditional cultural food, commonly consumed in rural communities, now intake is also being incorporated in some countries. Grasshoppers comprise proteins, the building blocks of AA （amino acids）, that are one of the five classes of complex biomolecules found in cells and tissues that play an important role in human metabolism and nutrition. This research was conducted to determine proximal composition of Sphenarium purpurascens Ch, grasshoppers, focused on proteins and AA. Sampling was performed during autumn, 2013, in Oaxaca State. Dry raw adult insects were ground and proceeded to macro molecules proximal analysis, protein by Kjeldahl AOAC （Association of Official Analytical Chemists） method and essential AA in a Beckman 6300 equipment. Obtained data were： total proteins 71.56%; lipids 8.14%; minerals 3.52%; fiber 7.48%; soluble carbohydrates 9.30%. Essential AA （mg/16 g-N）： isoleucine 4.5; leucine 8.1; lysine 5.4; methionine ＋ cysteine 5.1; phenylalanine ＋ tyrosine 8.5; threonine 3.5; tryptophan 0.6; valine 5.5. Sphenarium purpurascens Ch, Grasshoppers represent a good source of proteins and essential AA that can grow almost everywhere, available mostly all year round and affordable to all social groups, thus being a good option to improve human health.

关键词： Proteins essential AA nutrition grasshoppers Sphenarium purpurascen.

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A Review of the Production Cycle of Titanium Dioxide Pigment

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第7期5卷 441-458页

作者： Manuel Jesús Gázquez Juan Pedro Bolívar rafael garcia-Tenorio Federico Vaca Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad de HuelvaHuelvaEspana Departamento de Química Proyecto PrometeoUniversidad Técnicas Particular de Loja(UTPL)LojaEcuador Departamento de Física Aplicada II Universidad de SevillaSevillaEspaña

Titanium is a very important element for several industrial applications, being one of the ninth most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust (0.63% wt). In this work it will discuss the different mining and industrial activities involved in the production of titanium dioxide. The first step analyzed will treat about the beneficiation mining process of titanium mineral, and secondly, it will discuss the two main processes of the TiO2 manufacturing (sulphate and chloride routes). In addition, we will show different uses of the titanium dioxide pigment as filler in paper, plastics and rubber industries and as flux in glass manufacture, etc. Finally, we will show that the old wastes are currently called co-products since they were valorized, being commercialized by the Spanish industry of TiO2 production in different fields such as agriculture, civil engineering, or cement manufacturing.

关键词： Titanium Minerals Titanium Dioxide Pigment Properties and Uses of Tio2 Valorization of Co-Products

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Macronutrient Composition of Giant Water Bug （Lethocerus sp.） Edible Insect in Mexico and Thailand

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2016年第5期6卷 349-354页

作者： Virginia Melo-Ruiz Consuelo Moreno-Bonett Karina Sanchez-Herrera rafael Diaz-garcia Cesar Gazga-Urioste Department of Biologic Systems Metropolitan Autonomous University Mexico City 04960 Mexico Department of Health Care Metropolitan Autonomous University Mexico City 04960 exico

The health benefits of nutrients provided by edible insects are not properly studied, even though insect intake in LatinAmerican and Asia is a cultural tradition since ancient times. Insects from the giant water bug （Belostomidae family） are consumedboth in Mexico and Thailand, and are known as ＂Cucarachon de agua＂（Lethocerus americanus） and ＂Mangda＂（Lethocerus indicus）,respectively. Raw samples of these insects were collected on 2014 at Xochimilco channels from Mexico and from Warorot nightmarket in Chiang Mai, Thailand to further analyze nutrient composition of samples according to official methods of analysis （AOAC）techniques. The nutrient compositions were as following： proteins 60.12% and 53.11%; lipids 5.72% and 8.15%; minerals 5.46% and6.75%; fiber 10.95 % and 12.23%; soluble carbohydrates 17.75% and 19.74%, for insects obtained from Mexico and Thailand,respectively. Giant water bug shows differences in nutrient composition. It may be the consequence of differences in the environmentwhere they acquire the nutrients necessary for growth and reproduction. However, giant water bugs are available all year around andare a good source of proteins that could help people to obtain a cheaper source of this important macronutrient.

关键词： Giant water bug, edible insect, nutrition, health, nutraceutical.

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Iron Profile of Octopus Hubbsorum （Cephalopoda： Octopodidae） for Enrichment of the Mexican Diet

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 241-244页

作者： Palacios-Abrantes Juliano Melo-Ruiz Virginia Diaz-garcia rafael Gazga-Urioste Cesar Urbano Brian Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Xoehimilco. Calzada del hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud Delegacion Coyoacan C.P. 04960 D.F. MExico Laboratorio de Malacologia Instituto de Ciencias del mary Limnologia Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mdxico. Exterior s/nCiudad Universitaria Coyoacan 04510 Ciudad de D.F. Mexico

FAO （Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations） declared that 12% of the world＇s population is undernourished while in Mexico the number is around 5%. Minerals are essential for the daily diet; iron （Fe） is an important mineral on human welfare because it has a main role on the function of the immune and central nervous systems, among others. Most Mexicans fulfill their iron requirements from vegetables, which are poorly absorbed; nevertheless, in coastal populations, where seafood-rich in ironis available, it is not consumed on a regular diet. The aim of this work was to analyze minerals, focusing on the iron content of Octopus hubbsorum B （Cephalopoda： Octopodidae）, an animal of the Mexican Pacific coast. Three specimens were analyzed, two from the north and one from central Pacific Ocean. Data obtained for the central Pacific Octopus was 0.008% and data for the North Pacific were 0.008% and 0.011%, repectively. In conclusion, the supply of iron for the Mexican diet provided by Octopus hubbsorum B is significant, therefore is recommended to consume more of this resource, to diminish iron deficiency, a world-wide problem, and to improve human health.

关键词： Iron Mexico octopus nutrition food security.

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Anatomical features associated with venous congestion in DIEP flap using CT angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2017年第8期4卷 127-134页

作者： Alejandro Ruiz-Moya rafael-Antonio Lopez-garcia Domingo Sicilia-Castro Tomas Gomez-Cia Pedro Infante-Cossio Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Virgen del Rocio University Hospital41013 SevilleSpain Department of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of Seville41009 SevilleSpain

Aim: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) using three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstruction has been increasingly used in planning deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) breast reconstruction. Although the most common complication associated with this surgery is diffuse venous congestion, its origin remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical characteristics of the anterior abdominal wall vessels that could predict venous congestion, using CTA with 3D virtual reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted and a total of 169 DIEP flaps were reviewed. An abdominal CTA with 3D virtual reconstruction was analyzed with regard to anatomical features of the abdominal wall vessels. Seven venous congestive cases were identified. For each case, 3 controls that had not exhibited any vascular complications were randomly selected. Results: The global venous congestion rate was 4.14%. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups' superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) diameter (P = 0.915), number of branches of SIEV (P = 0.371), number of perforators per flap (P = 0.255), flap subcutaneous tissue thickness (P = 0.652), direct communications between SIEV-perforators (P = 0.418), and communications of both SIEVs across the abdominal midline (P = 0.371). Conclusion: The present study provided new information concerning the identification of the controversial anatomical features associated with venous congestion in DIEP flaps. CTA and 3D virtual reconstruction were useful tools for evaluating the abdominal wall anatomy and for planning DIEP breast surgery, but neither for predicting nor preventing the diffuse congestive phenomenon.

关键词： Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap venous congestion breast reconstruction computed tomography angiography preoperative imaging virtual reality

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Microclimatic Experimentation Applied to Insulating Horizontal Coverage in Mexicali, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第9期2卷 561-568页

作者： Zalia Haro-Rincon Nestor Santillfin-Sot1 rafael garcia-Cueto Sara Ojeda-Benltez AlejandroLambert-Arista Institute of Engineering Autonomous University of Baja California Mexicali 21280 Mexico Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Baja California Mexicali 21280 Mexico

The thermal response of hedges alters the urban climate, resulting in energy and comfort affectations that impact city dwellers, so the aim of this study is to analyze the energy fluxes of urban horizontal coverage, especially expanded polystyrene waterproofed with elastomeric paint in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, located northwest of Mexico. The experiment was realized on summer of 2011 and 2012 by using four components radiometric sensor, eddy covariance equipment, which was possible to analyze the behavior and intensities of heat fluxes using the model Q＊ = QE ＋ QG ＋ QH ＋ QF ＋ QD. The results show that in both campaigns the sensible heat flux exceeds the net radiation, in 2011 the net radiation was 31.41 W/mE and sensible heat flux of 74.9 W/m2, in 2012 resulted 43.46 W/m2 and 87.32 W/mE, respectively. This additional heat flux is attributed to the thermal influence of the air conditioning units, which changes the energy balance model to Q＊ = QH ＋ QF ＋ QD. With the results arise the need for experimentation on a larger scale in which it is possible to model the flow in housing development. The knowledge of the energy balance model will help to propose materials that minimize the thermal impact to the city of Mexicali.

关键词： Energy fluxes coating insulating coverage thermal impact urban climatology.

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