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Systemic Acquired Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Rust Induced by Shale Water

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第14期6卷 2249-2256页

作者： Yeshwant R. Mehta Mariana S. Marangoni Janaina N. Matos José Marcos G. Mandarino rafael galbieri Instituto AgronÔ mico do Paraná-IAPAR Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Londrina Brazil Embrapa Soja Londrina Brazil Instituto Mato-Grossense do AlgodÃ o (IMA) Primavera do Leste Brazil

Shale water as a by-product obtained by Petrobras, Brazil, during the process of extraction of petroleum from fossil rock may act as an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) to some plant pathogens. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the effect of seed treatment and foliar application with shale water in inducing SAR of soybean to soybean rust under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse experiments, seed treatment alone with shale water significantly reduced the severity of soybean rust and the control efficiency after 11 and 14 days after inoculation was between 54.1% and 57.8%. Whereas seed treatment and only one foliar application with shale water the control efficiency due to SAR 14 and 11 days after inoculation was between 99.7% and 100%, respectively. Such treatments gave similar results under field experiments where the control efficiency of soybean rust was between 79.0% and 99.35% in shale water treated plots as compared to the untreated plots, in 2015. Consequently, this resulted in yield increase between 14.8% and 28.8% depending upon the seed treatment and foliar applications with shale water alone or in mixture with a fungicide. Seed health testing revealed lower number of seeds infected with some pathogens in treatments where either shale water or fungicide was used. Seed treatment and one foliar application were sufficient to induce SAR against soybean rust. This is the first report to demonstrate SAR of soybean to soybean rust induced by shale water. Patent regarding this investigation is deposited with Petrobras, Brazil, under the number EVP 14/022.

关键词： Glycine max Phakospora pachyrhizi Asian Soybean Rust

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Mycosphaerella areola—The Teleomorph of Ramularia areola of Cotton in Brazil, and Its Epidemiological Significance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 1415-1422页

作者： Yeshwant R. Mehta rafael galbieri Mariana S. Marangoni Leandro Camargo Borsato Heloisa Poliselo Rodrigues Jéssica Pereira Angela Mehta A Instituto Agronomico do Paraná—IAPAR Londrina Brazil Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao (IMA) Primavera do Leste—MT Tropical Agriculture—FAMEVZ/UFMT Cuiabá Brazil Embrapa Cenargen Brasilia Brazil

While Ramularia leaf blight of cotton caused by Ramularia areola is of top most importance for Brazil, information is lacking regarding the survival mechanism of this pathogen during the cotton-free period. The teleomorph of R. areola is expected to belong to the genus Mycosphaerella. In the present study attempts were made to verify occurrence of this teleomorph in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Decaying cotton leaves were collected two months after harvest of 2014 from 44 commercial and experimental fields where aerial fungicidal applications were made or not during the crop cycle to control the Ramularia leaf blight. Examination of the decaying cotton leaves revealed presence of abundant sclerotia, spermagonia and ascoma of Mycosphaerella sp. intermingled with each other during the cotton-free period in most of the leaf samples. Mono-ascospore isolations were obtained from the ascoma and considering their cultural, morphological, pathological and DNA sequence analysis they were identified as Mycosphaerella areola. M. areola and R. areola isolates produced similar symptoms under glasshouse inoculations. Reisolation of the pathogen from the symptoms produced by M. areola isolates yielded R. areola. Some cotton leaves showing such symptoms were kept on the soil surface on plastic trays for two months under natural field condition. After this period the decaying leaves showed abundant perithecia identical to their original M. areola. ITS rDNA sequence analyses revealed identical sequences from M. areola and R. areola isolates. Occurrence and the viability of the perfect stage M. areola during the cotton-free period on the left-over stubble from one season to another were interpreted as the survival mechanism of the pathogen and were considered responsible for the Ramularia blight epidemics in the State of Mato Grosso. Disease management practices for the State of Mato Grosso are discussed. This is the first report about the occurrence of the M. areola in Brazil.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum Ramularia Leaf Blight Sexual Morph ITS rDNA Sequence Analysis

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Spore Types and Spore Production of Ramularia areola for Screening Cotton Germplasm for Resistance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 2413-2417页

作者： Jessica Volponi Janaina N.Matos Larissa Girotto Mariana S.Marangoni rafael galbieri Yeshwant R.Mehta Instituto Agronomico do Parana(IAPAR) LondrinaBrazil Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao(IMA) Primavera do LesteBrazil

Spore production ofRamularia areolahas always been a difficult task. Brazilian isolates ofR. areolaproduce spores of variable size and shape. The typical spores are 3 septate, rarely 4 and 5 septate, together with abundant single celled oblong to round bodies—a phenomenon not reported earlier forR. areola. Budding of spores is a continuous process as observed in our isolates. By repeated culturing the pathogen either ceases to produce typical spores or loses its pathogenic character. To solve this problem, a technique was developed to produce large quantity of typical spores under laboratory conditions. Sporulating cultures produced on Petri plates containing V8 juice-agar were kept on the laboratory bench till they became dry and then stored at 5°C for reisolation and/or for production of fresh inoculum. In such dried cultures spores remain viable for a period of over 12 months, and hence isolates ofR. areolaoriginatedfrom different geographic regions can be maintained in sporulating form. Results of the present investigation would aid cotton breeders and pathologists in screening germplasm resistant toRamulariaand in other genetical studies under glasshouse conditions.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum Ramularia Leaf Blight Techniques Fruiting Bodies

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Identification of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability among the Isolates of Ramularia areola of Brazilian Cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 1893-1898页

作者： Larissa Girotto Mariana S.Marangoni Janaina N.Matos rafael galbieri Wilson P.Almeida Yeshwant R.Mehta Instituto Agronomico do Paraná—IAPAR LondrinaBrazil Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao—IMA Primavera do LesteBrazil

Genotypic and phenotypic variation among 16 isolates of Ramularia areola of Gossypium hirsutum collected from five different geographical regions of Brazil was studied through virulence spectrum on three cultivars in the glasshouse and through ERIC- and REP-PCR and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA analysis. Difference in virulence spectrum and molecular analysis of some isolates was observed. ERIC- and REP-PCR showed similar results and revealed a high level of diversity among the isolates. A unique profile for both ERIC and REP was obtained for most isolates. On the other hand, the ITS rDNA analysis did not show different PCR-RFLP patterns. While some isolates differed among each other considering genotypic and phenotypic reactions, no clear cut evidence was found about the existence of genetic lineages of R. areola in Brazil. Identification of genetic variability among the R. areola isolates originated from different geographic regions would permit screening of Brazilian germplasm and achieve sources with a wide spectrum of resistance. This is the first report of the genotypic and phenotypic variability among the R. areola isolates originated from five cotton growing regions of Brazil.

关键词： Ramularia False Mildew Genotypic and Phenotypic Differentiation Gossypium hirsutum

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Search for a Microsatellite Marker Linked with Resistance Gene to Xanthomonas axonopodis *** in Brazilian Cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 2039-2042页

作者： Mariana Marangoni Larissa Girotto Maria Paula Nunes Wilson P.Almeida rafael galbieri Ivan Schuster Yeshwant R.Mehta Instituto Agronomico do Paraná—IAPAR LondrinaBrazil Instituto Mato-Grossense de Algodao—IMA CuiabáBrazil Coodetec C.P.301CascavelParanáBrazil

The cotton cultivar DELTAOPAL is resistant under field as well as under glasshouse conditions to the Brazilian isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam). Segregating populations derived from the cross between this cultivar and one susceptible cv. BRS ITA 90, were utilized to identify molecular marker linked with the resistance gene to Xam by “Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA)”. Two hundred and twenty microsatellite (Single Sequence Repeat—SSR) primers were tested. The amplification products were visualized in polyacrylamide gels stained with silver nitrate. Only one primer was informative and showed polymorphism between the DNA of the parents and their respective bulks of homozygous F2 populations contrasting for resistance and susceptibility, and hence was used to analyze DNA of 120 F2 populations. The microsatellite primer yielded one band of 80 bp linked with the resistance locus, which was absent in the susceptible parent as well as in the bulk of the homozygous susceptible plants of the cross. The segregation ratio as determined by phenotypic analysis was 3R:1S. It is believed that the microsatellite marker was linked with the resistance locus and hence may offer new perspectives for marker assisted selection against the angular leaf spot disease of cotton. It is however, felt necessary to repeat the microsatellite analysis and make sure that the primer is tightly linked with the resistance locus and at the same time verify the genetic distance between the marker and the resistance locus.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum L. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.Malvacearum Genetic Markers Marker Assisted Selection

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Systemic Acquired Resistance of Cotton, Soybean and Common Bean to <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>and <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i>Induced by Shale Water Seed Treatment

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1493-1500页

作者： Yeshwant R. Mehta Mariana S. Marangoni Camila R. Bocatti Heloisa P. Rodrigues Thaynná S. Cunha rafael galbieri Instituto Agronômico do Paraná—IAPAR Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Londrina PR Brazil IMA Primavera de Leste Mato Grosso Brazil

Root rots of cotton, soybean and common bean caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii are basically soil-borne diseases and are difficult to control through the use of fungicides. One of the alternatives to control these diseases could be through the induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR). It is believed that shale water as a by-product obtained during the process of extraction of petroleum from fossil rock may act as an inducer of SAR to some pathogens of some crop plants. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the effect of seed treatment with shale water in inducing SAR to R. solani and S. rofsii root rots of cotton, soybean and common bean. Seed treatment experiments were conducted in the greenhouse on seedlings of these three crops using naturally or artificially infested soil with R. solani or with S. rolfsii. Treatments with seeds treated with shale water significantly reduced the average number of plants infected with the two pathogens. Consistent results were obtained in repeated experiments. SAR in cotton and common bean to R. solani varied between 86.16% and 91.13%, while for S. rolfsii in soybean and common bean varied between 84.0% and 57.54% and was long lasting. This is the first report giving strong indication of SAR of the three crops to R. solani and to S. rolfsii. Patent regarding this investigation is obtained with Petrobras, Brazil, under the number IVP 12/039.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum Glycine max Phaseolus vulgaris Induced Resistance Control

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Corynespora Leaf Blight of Cotton in Brazil and Its Management

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3805-3811页

作者： rafael galbieri Dalt C.E.B.Araujo Leimi Kobayasti Larissa Girotto Janaina N.Matos Mariana S.Marangoni W.P.Almeida Yeshwant R.Mehta Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodao(IMA) Primavera do Leste—MTTropical Agriculture—FAMEVZ/UFMTCuiabáBrazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso—UFMT CuiabáBrazil Instituto Agronomico do Parana—IAPAR LondrinaBrazil

In recent years, Corynespora leaf blight is on the increase in cotton and has become an important disease in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It attacks several plant species including soybean. It is not yet known whether the same strain of this pathogen attacks both the crops. The objectives of the present investigation were to verify the genotypic and phenotypic variation between the isolates attacking cotton and soybean and to verify the sources of resistance in cotton. Differential response of 23 cotton genotypes was studied under glasshouse conditions using mixture of two randomly selected isolates of C. cassiicola of cotton in equal proportion. Genotypic variation among three cotton and two soybean isolates was studied using ERIC/REP-PCR and rDNA molecular techniques. With one exception, all the cotton genotypes tested so far were susceptible to C. cassiicola isolates of both cotton and soybean. Similarly, results of both molecular techniques indicated that the C. cassiicola isolates attacking cotton and soybean belong to the same strain of the pathogen in Brazil. Since Corynespora blight is a newly immerging disease of cotton and soybean in Brazil, integration of crop rotation and the sanitary practices are suggested to manage the disease.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum Corynespora cassiicola Target Spot

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Topical ocular administration of DPP-Ⅳ inhibitors:a new approach for treating diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 713-714页

作者： rafael Simó Cristina Hernández Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(VHIR) Department of Medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas(CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(ICSⅢ)

Retinal neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),the leading cause of preventable *** fact,the American Diabetes Association has defined DR as a highly specific neurovascular complication(Solomon et al.,2017).Therefore,it is no longer acceptable to consider DR as merely a microvascular *** this regard,the term diabetic retinal disease(DRD)has been proposed as a broader term comprising microangiopathy and ***,there are currently no treatments available that directly target the neurodegenerative changes of *** paper will give new insights into the translational research in this field with particular emphasis on glucagon-like peptide 1/dipeptidyl peptidase IV(GLP-1/DPP-IV)inhibitors.

关键词： neurodegeneration ocular insight

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Three-dimensional seismic face stability of shield tunnels inundrained clay

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 26-43页

作者： Milad Davoodi Salvador Senent Amin Keshavarz rafael Jimenez Civil Engineering Department School of EngineeringPersian Gulf UniversityBushehr ***Iran Universidad Polite´cnica de Madrid C/Prof.Aranguren s/nMadrid 28040Spain

Tunnel face stability has received increasing research interest over the past few decades. However, computing time-efficient and safethree-dimensional solutions under seismic loading is still an unsolved problem, while case studies indicate that seismic loading can be onecritical destabilizing factor affecting tunnel stability. The primary objective of this work is to fill this gap in knowledge by providing compromisingand computationally efficient solutions, along with their respective lower and upper bounds, to compute face stability underseismic conditions. The analyses employ the finite element limit analysis method to evaluate the limit support pressure in undrained clay,considering horizontal pseudo-static seismic forces pointing outwards from the face. Moreover, the analyses employ both constant andlinearly increasing shear strengths with depth. The results are summarized as dimensionless stability charts and tables to facilitate theirinterpretation and future use for tunnel design. A new design equation has been developed to evaluate the stability of the tunnel faceconsidering the effect of seismic forces. Additionally, the effects of different parameters on the shape of the failure mechanism have beeninvestigated by analysing the distribution of shear dissipation.

关键词： Tunnel face stability Finite element limit analysis Undrained clay Seismic stability

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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech Detection in English

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao Pan JoséAntonio García-Díaz rafael Valencia-García Departamento de Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Models(LLMs)are increasingly demonstrating their ability to understand natural language and solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task demonstrations to generate expected outputs for test instances without the need for additional training or gradient *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provided a medium through which some users can engage in offensive and harmful online *** this study,we investigate the ability of different LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can identify sexist and hateful online texts using zero-shot and few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found that the encoder-decoder model called Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainable Detection of Online Sexism(EDOS)test-set and 57.453%on the Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed that the evaluated models perform well in hate text detection,as they beat the best result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had difficulty distinguishing between types of hate speech and figurative ***,the fine-tuned approach tends to produce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech detection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

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