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From trees to fleas: masting indirectly affects flea abundance on a rodent host

Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 440-452页

作者： Ivan BALÁŽ MichałBOGDZIEWICZ Sylwia DZIEMIAN-zwolak Carlotta LO PRESTI Aleksandra WRÓBEL Milena ZDUNIAK rafałzwolak Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics Constantine the Philosopher University in NitraNitraSlovakia Department of Systematic Zoology Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna´nPozna´nPoland INRAE LESSEMUniversity Grenoble AlpesSaint-Martind’HèresFrance University of Catania CataniaItaly Department of Zoology Pozna´n University of Life SciencesPozna´nPoland

Mast seeding causes strongﬂuctuations in populations of forest ***,this phenomenon can be used as a natural experiment to examine how variation in host abundance affects parasite *** investigatedﬂeas infesting yellow-necked mice in beech forest after 2 mast and 2 non-mast *** tested 2 mutually exclusive scenarios:(1)as predicted by classical models of density-dependent transmission,an increase in host density will cause an increase in ectoparasite abundance(deﬁned as the number of parasites per host),versus(2)an increase in host density will cause a decline inﬂea abundance(“dilution,”which is thought to occur when parasite population growth is slower than that of the host).In addition,we assessed whether masting alters the relationship between host traits(sex and body mass)andﬂea *** found a hump-shaped relationship between host andﬂea ***,the most basic predictions are too simple to describe ectoparasite dynamics in this *** addition,masting modiﬁed seasonal dynamics ofﬂea abundance,but did not affect the relationship between host traits andﬂea abundance(individuals with the highest body mass hosted the mostﬂeas;after controlling for body mass,parasite abundance did not vary between sexes).Our results demonstrate that pulses of tree reproduction can indirectly,through changes in host densities,drive patterns of ectoparasite infestation.

关键词： Apodemusﬂavicollis Fagus sylvatica indirect effects pulsed resources Siphonaptera

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Invasive oaks escape pre-dispersal insect seed predation and trap enemies in their seeds

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 228-237页

作者： MichałBOGDZIEWICZ Raul BONAL Josep MESPELTA Ewa M.KALEMBA Michael A.STEELE rafałzwolak Department of Systematic Zoology Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland CREAF Cerdanyola del VallesCataloniaSpain Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DITEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain Laboratory of Seed Biochemistry Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes-BarrePennsylvaniaUSA

Species introduced to habitats outside their native range often escape control by their natural *** competing with native species,an alien species might also affect the native herbivores by introducing a new source of different quality ***,we describe the case of northern red oak(Quercus rubra)invasion in *** collected data on insect(moth Cydia *** weevil Curculio spp.)seed predation of northern red oak in its native(USA,North America)and invasive(Poland,Europe)range,as well as for sessile oaks(Quercus petrea)in *** also evaluated the quality of acorns as hosts for weevil larvae by collecting infested acorns and measuring weevil developmental success,and quantifying acorn traits such as seed mass,tannins,lipids and protein *** used DNA barcoding to identify insects to the species *** predation by moths was similar and very low in both species and in both ***,red oaks escape pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils in *** infestation rates of northern red oak acorns in their invasive range were 10 times lower than that of sessile oaks,and also 10 times lower than that of red oaks in North ***,even when weevils oviposited into northern red oaks,the larvae failed to develop,suggesting that the exotic host created a trap for the *** phenomenon might gradually decrease the local abundance of the seed predator,and further aid the invasion.

关键词： biotic invasions ecological trap enemy release hypothesis seed predation weevils

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Effect of gear teeth finishing method on properties of teeth surface layer and its resistance to pitting wear creation

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第1期23卷 68-76页

作者： Jan zwolak Arkadiusz Palczak Department of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences The University of Rzeszow Rejtana Ave. 16C Rzeszow 35-959 Poland

This work presented the characteristics of two gear teeth finishing methods, due to the properties of gear teeth surface layer obtained at the tooth working depth. These methods are: 1) the teeth carburization, hardening to a hardness of HRC 60-62 and then grinding, 2) the soft gear shaving as the final mechanical treatment and then carburizing and hardening to the hardness of HRC60-62. This work included the test results of the contact fatigue strength carried out on the circulating power system. The Wohler curves were plotted due to the obtained results, as the basis for the practical evaluation of the considered gear finishing methods. The parameters like volume distribution of the voids, content of the retained austenite, compressive residual stress value, but also the results of contact fatigue strength tests, are more favorable for the teeth shaving method than for the teeth grinding method.

关键词： gear teeth finishing treatment surface layer contact fatigue strength pitting

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High explosive unexploded ordnance neutralization - Tallboy air bomb case study

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第3期18卷 524-535页

作者： rafał Mie˛tkiewicz Department of Command and Naval Operations Chair of Naval OperationsNaval Tasks UnitPolish Naval Academy of the Heroes of Westerplatte in Gdynia(Poland)SMIDOWICZA 6981-127GdyniaPoland

On October 13,2020,on the fairway connecting the Polish Baltic ports ofSwinoujscie and Szczecin,an underwater hazardous object of historical origin in the form of the British deep penetration bomb Tallboy dropped during the bombing of the German cruiser"Lützow"in April 1945 was neutralized *** is believed to be the first underwater action concerning this type of bomb,which has previously been neutralized on land in Europe(Germany,one confirmed case).The preparation of the operation,on an unprecedented scale at national,European and global level,took one year and included a series of projects related to clearing the space around the bomb from other identified UXO objects,international consultations,historical analyses,determination of the risk to residents and critical infrastructure in the event of an explosion of the bomb containing approximately 2400 kg of the TORPEX explosive(with an increased force equivalent to almost 3600 kg of TNT).The object was neutralized on spot at the depth of 12 m,near a ferry crossing,by specialists from the 41st Navy EOD Team from the 12th MCM Squadron(8th Coastal Defence Flotilla),using the Low Order Deflagration technique(underwater deflagration method).In the case discussed,there was an accumulation of unfavourable conditions which practically excluded the use of blow-in-situ explosive methods(BIP),as well as the extraction of the object and its transport to a military *** a partial deflagration of the explosive,the explosive was detonated(DDT).Estimates indicate that the deflagration level reached between 55 and 60%,which significantly reduced the strength and effects of the underwater explosion.

关键词： Low order technique deflagration Hazardous object neutralization Tallboy neutralization UXO neutralization

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Rheological Properties of Polyamide: Experimental Studies and Constitutive Modeling

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第2期37卷 178-188页

作者： Cyprian Suchocki rafa? Molak Fundamental Technical Sciences Division Warsaw University of Life Sciences Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology

This work is focused on simulating the rheological effects in polyamide. An experimental study is carried out in order to assess such features of polyamide as: the hysteretic behavior, the strain rate dependence, and the stress relaxation. The material response in tension is investigated. Digital images correlation method(DIC) is employed in order to measure the material compressibility. A newly developed constitutive model, which was previously used to simulate the mechanical response of polyethylene subjected to moderate strains and compressive loadings, is applied to capture the large strain, inelastic behavior of polyamide in tension. The gathered experimental data are utilized to determine the values of constitutive constants of viscoelasticity and plasticity, which describe the rheological properties of polyamide. The determined material parameters are included in the text. Different strategies for evaluating the material parameters are discussed. The proposed constitutive equation is implemented into the finite element(FE) system, ABAQUS, by taking advantage of the user subroutine UMAT, which allows to define custom material laws. Some exemplary FE simulations that were used to investigate the performance of the developed subroutine are described.

关键词： Polyamide Viscoplasticity Material parameters:Finite element method UMAT

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Deciphering the effects of disperser assemblages and seed mass on patterns of seed dispersal in a rodent community

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 457-467页

作者： Aleksandra WRÓBEL rafal zwolak Department of Systematic Zoology Institute of Environmental BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoland

The sizes of both seed dispersers and seeds are traits that are likely to interact to influence seed fate in many synzoochoric plant ***,we examined whether members of a granivorous rodent community consisting of species of different body size vary in their effectiveness as seed dispersers,and how this relationship may be altered by seed *** marked northern red oak(Quercus rubra)acorns with plastic tags and placed them in size-selective rodent *** exclosures allowed differential access of rodent groups based on different body size:(i)small(*** spp.);(ii)small and medium(*** striatus);and(iii)small,medium and large(*** carolinensis)species of *** removal did not differ among exclosure types,but more seeds were missing when removed by small rodents,probably because of *** treatments did not influence the relative frequency of acorn ***,small rodents cached considerably fewer and partially ate more acorns than the other 2 *** mean dispersal distance was the longest for cages with medium openings,intermediate for cages with large openings and the shortest for cages with small *** mass positively affected the probability of caching and this relationship was unaffected by exclosure *** conclusion,granivorous rodents of different body sizes strongly differed in their interactions with acorns,with small rodents acting primarily as acorn predators and medium and large species contributing significantly more to dispersal of red oaks.

关键词： acorn dispersal initial seed fate plant-animal interactions rodent community scatterhoarding

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Uniformity of Direct Unions of Chord

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2015年第1期31卷 225-234页

作者： rafa Kapelko Karol Marchwicki Department of Computer Science Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wrocaw University of Technology

In this article we investigate the uniformity of direct union of k copies of Chord which is an improvedversion of Chord P2P system. We are interested in the maximal and the minimal areas controlled by nodes inthe system. We recall that the function n→k/k!.n-（1＋1/k）is a lower threshold and that the function n→1/n In（nlnk-k（n（k-1）1）/（k-1）1is an upper threshold for sizes of areas controlled by nodes in the direct union of kcopies of Chord.

关键词： peer-to-peer network modification of chord threshold asymptotic order statistic

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Strongly Convergent Approximations to Fixed Points of Total Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2008年第6期24卷 1005-1022页

作者： Yakov ALBER rafa ESPíNOLA Pepa LORENZO Department of Mathematics The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology32000 HaifaIsrael Departamento de Andlisis Matemdtico Universidad de SevillaP.O.Box 116041080-SevilleSpain

In this work we prove a new strong convergence result of the regularized successive approximation method given by yn＋1 = qnz0 ＋（1 - qn）T^nyn, n = 1, 2,…,where lim n→∞ qn = 0 and ∞∑n=1 qn=∞ for T a total asymptotically nonexpansive mapping, i.e., T is such that ││T^n x - T^n y││ ≤ x - y ││ ＋ kn^（1）φ（││x - y││）＋ kn^（2）,where kn^1 and kn^2 are real null convergent sequences and φ：R^＋→R^＋ is continuous such that φ（0）=0 and limt→∞φ（t）/t≤ C for a certain constant C 〉 0. Among other features, our results essentially generalize existing results on strong convergence for T nonexpansive and asymptotically nonexpansive. The convergence and stability analysis is given for both self- and nonself-mappings.

关键词： asymptotically nonexpansive mappings best approximation fixed point duality map iteration schemes

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Spatiotemporal analysis of elastic and inelastic deformations in roof-rocks from seismological observations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第2期31卷 241-251页

作者： Maciej JMendecki rafałPakosz Łukasz Wojtecki Wacław MZuberek Faculty of Environmental Sciences the University of Silesia in Katowice41-200 SosnowiecPoland Polish Mining Group 40-039 KatowicePoland Central Mining Institute 40-166 KatowicePoland

The spatiotemporal analysis of seismic zones characterised by the scattering and accumulation of strain energy in the roof-rocks of the excavated longwall panel where inelastic or elastic deformations occurred during hard coal seam mining is *** studied longwall panel was designed to utilize the effect of partial stress relaxation caused by the earlier extraction of the coal seams located above.A full seismic moment tensor and spectral source parameter analyses were used to obtain information about the degree of inelastic and elastic coseismic *** study also showed that these deformation changes correspond to variation in the Benioff strain release ***,analyses of deformation zones were compared with the relationship between radiated energy and the excavated volume of rocks per *** concept of balanced seismic energy release assumed the exponential increase of released seismic energy with the increase in the volume of excavated *** between the observed and predicted radiated energies indicated that strain energy in selected zones in the rock mass was either scattered if the prediction was overestimated,or accumulated if ***,the study showed that elastic deformation in one zone can lead to inelastic deformation in the same zone.

关键词： Mining seismicity Seismic source volume Apparent volume Hard coal mine Longwall mining Benioff strain

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Corrosion study of resorbable Ca60Mg15Zn25 bulk metallic glasses in physiological fluids

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2017年第5期27卷 627-634页

作者： rafa? Babilas Anna Bajorek Adrian Radoń Ryszard Nowosielski Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials Silesian University of Technology A.Chelkowski Institute of Physics University of Silesia

The corrosion activity of amorphous plates of Ca60Mg15Zn25alloy was *** biocompatible elements were selected for the alloy *** electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests were carried out in a multi-electrolyte fluid and Ringer's *** corrosion behavior was observed for the samples tested in a multi-electrolyte fluid despite the active dissolution of Ca and Mg in Ringer's *** experimental results indicated that reducing concentration of NaCl from 8.6 g/dm3for Ringer's solution to 5.75 g/dm3caused the decrease of the corrosion *** volume of the hydrogen evolved after 480 min in Ringer's solution（40.1 ml/cm2）was higher in comparison with that obtained in a multi-electrolyte fluid（24.4 ml/cm2）.The values of opencircuit potential(EOCP)for the Ca60Mg15Zn25glass after 1 h incubation in Ringer's solution and a multielectrolyte fluid were determined to be-1553 and-1536 m V vs.a saturated calomel electrode（SCE）.The electrochemical measurements indicated a shift of the corrosion current density(jcorr)from 1062μA/cm2for the sample tested in Ringer's solution to 788μA/cm2for the specimen immersed in a multi-electrolyte *** corrosion products analysis was conducted by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.The corrosion products were identified to be CaCO3,Mg（OH）2,CaO,MgO and Zn *** mechanism of corrosion process was proposed and described based on the microscopic *** X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）also indicated that Ca（OH）2,CaCO3,Zn（OH）2and Ca(Zn（OH）3)2·2H2O mainly formed on the surface of the studied alloy.

关键词： Ca-based metallic glasses X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy FTIR spectroscopy X-ray diffraction Corrosion resistance Hydrogen evaluation

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