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Influence of Air Pollution on the Deterioration of Monuments and Museum Collections

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第7期4卷 329-335页

作者： raed alghazawi Department of Cultural Resources Management Queen Rania Institute for Tourism and Heritage The Hashemite University Zarqa330127 Jordan

The time has come to recognize the extreme importance of the archaeological sites in Jordan. They provide a wealth evidence and precise information regarding ancient civilizations and cultures. The safeguarding of this cultural heritage is one of the most urgent priorities, that involve the proper conservation and preservation methods of all artifacts and buildings that have an important artistic and historic value. Conservation is a whole field in regarding the care and treatment of valuable artifacts, both movable and immovable. It has two aspects: (1) the control of the environment—-to minimize the decay of artifacts and materials and (2) the treatment of these—-in order to stop or slow down any deterioration and to stabilize them where possible against further dilapidation. The museum environment is a limited space dedicated not only to exhibition but also to the appropriate conservation of works of art. This article presents an overview of the types of damage and deterioration that air pollution causes to indoor cultural heritage materials and monuments. It identifies the main damaging air pollutants from outdoor sources to be sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphide gases.

关键词：有害空气污染物文物古迹博物馆收藏文化遗产艺术作品考古遗址古代文明

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The Effect of the Hot Springs at the Umm Qeis Archaeological Site and Museum

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2015年第7期4卷 359-367页

作者： raed alghazawi Ramzi Alrousan Malek Bader Department of Cultural Resources Management Queen Rania Faculty for Tourism and Heritage The Hashemite UniversityZarqa 330127 Jordan Department of Sustainable Tourism Queen Rania Faculty for Tourism and Heritage The Hashemite University Zarqa 330127Jordan

Several recent studies have pointed out that northern parts of Jordan are exposed to high levels of the effect of the hot spring, which is widely known to have severe impacts on health, vegetation and structures. North Jordan has a wealth of ancient heritage including six out of the ten Decapolis Cities. Air pollution that comes out from the hot springs is alleged to deteriorate and erode buildings, structures, statues and monuments through acid deposition. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess air quality at Gadara, the capital of the ancient Decapolis and suggest mitigation measures that have to be adopted in order to save the ancient heritage against further deterioration. Measurements revealed that most criteria air pollutants including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide attain corresponding national ambient air quality standards. Atmospheric concentrations of NO are strongly linked to the amount of O3. Simultaneous exposure to SO2 and NO2 demonstrated that a catalytic reaction takes place which increases the rate of sulphate production after 30 h exposure.

关键词：温泉考古遗址博物馆空气质量标准空气污染物文化遗产二氧化硫北部地区

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